89. Sūrat al-Fajr

٨٩۔ سُورَةُ الفَجْر

Qurʾān > Chapter 89
القرآن > كتاب ٨٩

The Dawn (Meccan)

quran:89:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

By the dawn  

By the dawn, that is to say, ˹by˺ the dawn of each day,
القرآن:٨٩:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وَالْفَجْرِ  

{والفجر} أي فجر كل يوم.
quran:89:2 –

And ˹by˺ ten nights  

and ˹by˺ the ten nights, the ˹first˺ ten nights of Dhū’l-Hijja,
القرآن:٨٩:٢ –

وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ  

{وليال عشر} أي عشر ذي الحجة.
quran:89:3 –

And ˹by˺ the even ˹number˺ and the odd  

and ˹by˺ the even, the pair, and the odd (read watr or witr, two ˹alternative˺ forms), the single,
القرآن:٨٩:٣ –

وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ  

{والشفع} الزوج {والوتر} بفتح الواو وكسرها لغتان: الفرد.
quran:89:4 –

And ˹by˺ the night when it passes,  

and ˹by˺ the night in motion, falling or receding:
القرآن:٨٩:٤ –

وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ  

{والليل إذا يسْر} مقبلا ومدبرا.
quran:89:5 –

Is there ˹not˺ in ˹all˺ that an oath ˹sufficient˺ for one of perception?  

Is there in that, oath, an oath for one of sense?, ˹one of˺ intellect (the response to the oath has been omitted, that is to say, ˹it is to be understood as something like˺, la-tu‘adhdhabunna yā kuffāra Makka, ‘you will assuredly be chastised O disbelievers of Mecca!’).
القرآن:٨٩:٥ –

هَلْ فِي ذَٰلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِذِي حِجْرٍ  

{هل في ذلك} القسم {قسمٌ لذي حجر} عقل، وجواب القسم محذوف أي: لتعذبنّ يا كفار مكة.
quran:89:6 –

Have you not considered how your Lord dealt with 'Aad -  

Have you not seen, ˹do you not˺ know O Muhammad (s), how your Lord dealt with ‘Ād,
القرآن:٨٩:٦ –

أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ  

{ألم ترَ} تعلم يا محمد {كيف فعل ربك بعاد}.
quran:89:7 –

˹With˺ Iram - who had lofty pillars,  

Iram — these were the former ˹people of˺ ‘Ād (Irama is an explicative supplement or a substitution, and it is treated as a diptote because it is a proper noun and feminine) — of the towering ones, that is to say, the tall ones — the tallest one among them would reach four hundred cubits —
القرآن:٨٩:٧ –

إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ  

{إرَمَ} هي عاد الأولى، فإرم عطف بيان أو بدل، ومنع الصرف للعلمية والتأنيث {ذات العماد} أي الطول كان طول الطويل منهم أربعمائة ذراع.
quran:89:8 –

The likes of whom had never been created in the land?  

the like of which was not created in the land, in terms of their power of assault and strength,
القرآن:٨٩:٨ –

الَّتِي لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِي الْبِلَادِ  

{التي لم يُخلق مثلها في البلاد} في بطشهم وقوتهم.
quran:89:9 –

And ˹with˺ Thamud, who carved out the rocks in the valley?  

and Thamūd, who hollowed, hewed, the rocks (sakhr is the plural of sakhra) in the valley, the Wādī al-Qurā, ˹rocks˺ which they used as dwellings,
القرآن:٨٩:٩ –

وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُوا الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ  

{وثمود الذين جابوا} قطعوا {الصخر} جمع صخرة واتخذوها بيوتا {بالواد} وادي القرى.
quran:89:10 –

And ˹with˺ Pharaoh, owner of the stakes? -  

and Pharaoh, the one of the tent-pegs: he used to fasten four pegs and tie to these the hands and feet of those whom he tortured —
القرآن:٨٩:١٠ –

وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِي الْأَوْتَادِ  

{وفرعون ذي الأوتاد} كان يتد أربعة أوتاد يشد إليها يدي ورجلي من يعذبه.
quran:89:11 –

˹All of˺ whom oppressed within the lands  

those who were rebellious, became tyrannical, in the land,
القرآن:٨٩:١١ –

الَّذِينَ طَغَوْا فِي الْبِلَادِ  

{الذين طغوا} تجبروا {في البلاد}.
quran:89:12 –

And increased therein the corruption.  

and caused much corruption therein?, ˹by way of˺ slaying and otherwise.
القرآن:٨٩:١٢ –

فَأَكْثَرُوا فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ  

{فأكثروا فيها الفساد} القتل وغيره.
quran:89:13 –

So your Lord poured upon them a scourge of punishment.  

So your Lord poured on them a scourge of chastisement.
القرآن:٨٩:١٣ –

فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ  

{فصبَّ عليهم ربك سوط} نوع {عذاب}.
quran:89:14 –

Indeed, your Lord is in observation.  

Assuredly your Lord is ever on the watch, watching over the deeds of servants, nothing of which escapes Him, that He may then requite them for these ˹deeds˺.
القرآن:٨٩:١٤ –

إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ  

{إن ربك لبالمرصاد} يرصد أعمال العباد فلا يفوته منها شيء ليجازيهم عليها.
quran:89:15 –

And as for man, when his Lord tries him and ˹thus˺ is generous to him and favors him, he says, "My Lord has honored me."  

And as for man, the disbeliever, whenever his Lord tests him and honours him, with wealth and other things, and is gracious to him, he says, ‘My Lord has honoured me’.
القرآن:٨٩:١٥ –

فَأَمَّا الْإِنْسَانُ إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَاهُ رَبُّهُ فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَنَعَّمَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّي أَكْرَمَنِ  

{فأما الإنسان} الكافر {إذا ما ابتلاه} اختبره {ربه فأكرمه} بالمال وغيره {ونعَّمه فيقول ربي أكرمن}.
quran:89:16 –

But when He tries him and restricts his provision, he says, "My Lord has humiliated me."  

But when he tests him and restricts his provision for him, he says, ‘My Lord has humiliated me’.
القرآن:٨٩:١٦ –

وَأَمَّا إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَاهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّي أَهَانَنِ  

{وأما إذا ما ابتلاه فقدره} ضيق {عليه رزقه فيقول ربي أهانن}.
quran:89:17 –

No! But you do not honor the orphan  

No indeed! — a disavowal ˹of this notion˺, in other words, honour is not about wealth, nor is there any humiliation in poverty, rather it has to do with obedience and disobedience ˹respectively˺; but the disbelievers of Mecca unmindful of this. Rather they do not honour the orphan, they do not treat him with kindness, despite their wealth, or ˹it means that˺ they do not give him what is his due from an inheritance,
القرآن:٨٩:١٧ –

كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ لَا تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ  

{كلا} ردع، أي ليس الإكرام بالغنى والإهانة بالفقر وإنما هو بالطاعة والمعصية، وكفار مكة لا ينتبهون لذلك {بل لا يكرمون اليتيم} لا يحسنون إليه مع غناهم أو لا يعطونه حقه من الميراث.
quran:89:18 –

And you do not encourage one another to feed the poor.  

and they do not urge, neither themselves nor others, the feeding of the needy;
القرآن:٨٩:١٨ –

وَلَا تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ  

{ولا يحضون} أنفسهم أو غيرهم {على طعام} أي طعام {المسكين}.
quran:89:19 –

And you consume inheritance, devouring ˹it˺ altogether,  

and they devour inheritance (turāth means mīrāth) greedily (lamman), that is to say, voraciously, when they appropriate (lammuhum) the women’s and the young ones’ share of the inheritance together with their own share of it, or to their own wealth;
القرآن:٨٩:١٩ –

وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلًا لَمًّا  

{وتأكلون التراث} الميراث {أكلا لما} أي شديدا، للمهم نصيب النساء والصبيان من الميراث مع نصيبهم منه أو مع مالهم.
quran:89:20 –

And you love wealth with immense love.  

and they love wealth with abounding love, that is to say, greatly, and so they do not expend ˹any˺ of it (a variant reading in the case of all four verbs has the second person plural).
القرآن:٨٩:٢٠ –

وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا  

{ويحبون المال حبا جما} أي: كثيرا فلا ينفقونه، وفي قراءة بالفوقانية في الأفعال الأربعة.
quran:89:21 –

No! When the earth has been leveled - pounded and crushed -  

No indeed! — a deterrent for them from such ˹conduct˺. When the earth is pulverised repeatedly, when it is shaken until every edifice has collapsed and is destroyed,
القرآن:٨٩:٢١ –

كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ دَكًّا دَكًّا  

{كلا} ردع لهم عن ذلك {إذا دكت الأرض دكا دكا} زلزلت حتى ينهدم كل بناء عليها وينعدم.
quran:89:22 –

And your Lord has come and the angels, rank upon rank,  

and your Lord, that is to say, His command, and the angels arrive rank on rank (saffan saffan is a circumstantial qualifier, meaning ‘standing in rows’ or ‘made up of many ranks’),
القرآن:٨٩:٢٢ –

وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا  

{وجاء ربك} أي أمره {والملك} أي الملائكة {صفا صفا} حال، أي مصطفين أو ذوي صفوف كثيرة.
quran:89:23 –

And brought ˹within view˺, that Day, is Hell - that Day, man will remember, but what good to him will be the remembrance?  

and Hell on that day is brought ˹near˺, pulled by seventy thousand sets of reins, each set of reins ˹pulled˺ by the hands of seventy thousand angels, as it groans and seethes in fury; on that day (yawma’idhin is a substitution for idhā, ‘when’, the response to which is ˹the following˺) man, that is to say, the disbeliever, will remember, his prodigal conduct in it, but how will remembering avail him ˹now˺? (the interrogative is meant as a denial, in other words, his remembering that will not be of any use to him).
القرآن:٨٩:٢٣ –

وَجِيءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ ۚ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُ الذِّكْرَىٰ  

{وجيء يومئذ بجهنم} تقاد بسبعين ألف زمام كل زمام بأيدي سبعين ألف ملك لها زفير وتغيظ {يومئذ} بدل من إذا وجوابها {يتذكر الإنسان} أي الكافر ما فرط فيه {وأنَّي له الذكرى} استفهام بمعنى النفي، أي لا ينفعه تذكره ذلك.
quran:89:24 –

He will say, "Oh, I wish I had sent ahead ˹some good˺ for my life."  

He will say, as he remembers: ‘O (yā is for calling attention to something) would that I had sent ahead, good deeds and faith, for my life!’, ˹for˺ a good ˹life˺ in the Hereafter, or ˹it means˺ ‘during my life’ in the world.
القرآن:٨٩:٢٤ –

يَقُولُيَا لَيْتَنِي قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِي  

{يقول} مع تذكره {يا} للتنبيه {ليتني قدمت} الخير والإيمان {لحياتي} الطيبة في الآخرة أو وقت حياتي في الدنيا.
quran:89:25 –

So on that Day, none will punish ˹as severely˺ as His punishment,  

Then on that day none shall mete out (read yu‘adhdhibu) His, God’s, chastisement, that is to say, He shall not delegate it to any other;
القرآن:٨٩:٢٥ –

فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ  

{فيومئذٍ لا يعذِّب} بكسر الذال {عذابه} أي الله {أحد} أي لا يكله إلى غيره.
quran:89:26 –

And none will bind ˹as severely˺ as His binding ˹of the evildoers˺.  

and, likewise, none shall bind (read yūthiqu) His bind (a variant reading has yu‘adhdhabu, ‘˹none˺ shall be chastised’, and yūthaqu, ‘˹none˺ shall be bound’, so that the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun of ‘adhābahu and wathāqahu refers to the ˹chastisement and the binds of the˺ disbeliever, the meaning then being, ‘none shall be chastised as he shall, and none shall be bound as he shall ˹be bound˺’).
القرآن:٨٩:٢٦ –

وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ  

{و} كذا {لا يوثق} بكسر الثاء {وثاقه أحد} وفي قراءة بفتح الذال والثاء فضمير عذابه ووثاقه للكافر والمعنى لا يعذب أحد مثل تعذيبه ولا يوثق مثل إيثاقه.
quran:89:27 –

˹To the righteous it will be said˺, "O reassured soul,  

‘O soul at peace!, ˹the one˺ secure, namely, the believing one.
القرآن:٨٩:٢٧ –

يَا أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ  

{يا أيتها النفس المطمئنة} الآمنة وهي المؤمنة.
quran:89:28 –

Return to your Lord, well-pleased and pleasing ˹to Him˺,  

Return — this is said to it upon death — to your Lord, that is to say, return to His command and to His will, pleased, with the reward, pleasing, in God’s sight with your deeds; in other words ˹return O soul˺ combining both descriptions (both of which are circumstantial qualifiers). And it will be said to it at the Resurrection:
القرآن:٨٩:٢٨ –

ارْجِعِي إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَرْضِيَّةً  

{إرجعي إلى ربك} يقال لها ذلك عند الموت، أي إرجعي إلى أمره وإرادته {راضية} بالثواب {مرضية} عند الله بعملك، أي جامعة بين الوصفين وهما حالان ويقال لها في القيامة:
quran:89:29 –

And enter among My ˹righteous˺ servants  

Then enter among My, righteous, servants!
القرآن:٨٩:٢٩ –

فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي  

{فادخلي في} جملة {عبادي} الصالحين.
quran:89:30 –

And enter My Paradise."  

And enter My Paradise!’, with them. Meccan, consisting of 20 verses.
القرآن:٨٩:٣٠ –

وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي  

{وادخلي جنتي} معهم.