89. Sūrat al-Fajr

٨٩۔ سُورَةُ الفَجْر

89.1 Admonition for social welfare through the examples of prior nations.

٨٩۔١ مقطع في سُورَةُ الفَجْر

quran:89:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

By the dawn  

By the dawn, that is to say, ˹by˺ the dawn of each day,
القرآن:٨٩:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وَالْفَجْرِ  

{والفجر} أي فجر كل يوم.
quran:89:2

And ˹by˺ ten nights  

and ˹by˺ the ten nights, the ˹first˺ ten nights of Dhū’l-Hijja,
القرآن:٨٩:٢

وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ  

{وليال عشر} أي عشر ذي الحجة.
quran:89:3

And ˹by˺ the even ˹number˺ and the odd  

and ˹by˺ the even, the pair, and the odd (read watr or witr, two ˹alternative˺ forms), the single,
القرآن:٨٩:٣

وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ  

{والشفع} الزوج {والوتر} بفتح الواو وكسرها لغتان: الفرد.
quran:89:4

And ˹by˺ the night when it passes,  

and ˹by˺ the night in motion, falling or receding:
القرآن:٨٩:٤

وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ  

{والليل إذا يسْر} مقبلا ومدبرا.
quran:89:5

Is there ˹not˺ in ˹all˺ that an oath ˹sufficient˺ for one of perception?  

Is there in that, oath, an oath for one of sense?, ˹one of˺ intellect (the response to the oath has been omitted, that is to say, ˹it is to be understood as something like˺, la-tu‘adhdhabunna yā kuffāra Makka, ‘you will assuredly be chastised O disbelievers of Mecca!’).
القرآن:٨٩:٥

هَلْ فِي ذَٰلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِذِي حِجْرٍ  

{هل في ذلك} القسم {قسمٌ لذي حجر} عقل، وجواب القسم محذوف أي: لتعذبنّ يا كفار مكة.
quran:89:6

Have you not considered how your Lord dealt with 'Aad -  

Have you not seen, ˹do you not˺ know O Muhammad (s), how your Lord dealt with ‘Ād,
القرآن:٨٩:٦

أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ  

{ألم ترَ} تعلم يا محمد {كيف فعل ربك بعاد}.
quran:89:7

˹With˺ Iram - who had lofty pillars,  

Iram — these were the former ˹people of˺ ‘Ād (Irama is an explicative supplement or a substitution, and it is treated as a diptote because it is a proper noun and feminine) — of the towering ones, that is to say, the tall ones — the tallest one among them would reach four hundred cubits —
القرآن:٨٩:٧

إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ  

{إرَمَ} هي عاد الأولى، فإرم عطف بيان أو بدل، ومنع الصرف للعلمية والتأنيث {ذات العماد} أي الطول كان طول الطويل منهم أربعمائة ذراع.
quran:89:8

The likes of whom had never been created in the land?  

the like of which was not created in the land, in terms of their power of assault and strength,
القرآن:٨٩:٨

الَّتِي لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِي الْبِلَادِ  

{التي لم يُخلق مثلها في البلاد} في بطشهم وقوتهم.
quran:89:9

And ˹with˺ Thamud, who carved out the rocks in the valley?  

and Thamūd, who hollowed, hewed, the rocks (sakhr is the plural of sakhra) in the valley, the Wādī al-Qurā, ˹rocks˺ which they used as dwellings,
القرآن:٨٩:٩

وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُوا الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ  

{وثمود الذين جابوا} قطعوا {الصخر} جمع صخرة واتخذوها بيوتا {بالواد} وادي القرى.
quran:89:10

And ˹with˺ Pharaoh, owner of the stakes? -  

and Pharaoh, the one of the tent-pegs: he used to fasten four pegs and tie to these the hands and feet of those whom he tortured —
القرآن:٨٩:١٠

وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِي الْأَوْتَادِ  

{وفرعون ذي الأوتاد} كان يتد أربعة أوتاد يشد إليها يدي ورجلي من يعذبه.
quran:89:11

˹All of˺ whom oppressed within the lands  

those who were rebellious, became tyrannical, in the land,
القرآن:٨٩:١١

الَّذِينَ طَغَوْا فِي الْبِلَادِ  

{الذين طغوا} تجبروا {في البلاد}.
quran:89:12

And increased therein the corruption.  

and caused much corruption therein?, ˹by way of˺ slaying and otherwise.
القرآن:٨٩:١٢

فَأَكْثَرُوا فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ  

{فأكثروا فيها الفساد} القتل وغيره.
quran:89:13

So your Lord poured upon them a scourge of punishment.  

So your Lord poured on them a scourge of chastisement.
القرآن:٨٩:١٣

فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ  

{فصبَّ عليهم ربك سوط} نوع {عذاب}.
quran:89:14

Indeed, your Lord is in observation.  

Assuredly your Lord is ever on the watch, watching over the deeds of servants, nothing of which escapes Him, that He may then requite them for these ˹deeds˺.
القرآن:٨٩:١٤

إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ  

{إن ربك لبالمرصاد} يرصد أعمال العباد فلا يفوته منها شيء ليجازيهم عليها.