83. Sūrat al-Muṭaffifīn

٨٣۔ سُورَةُ المُطـَفِّفين

Qurʾān > Chapter 83
القرآن > كتاب ٨٣

Defrauding (Meccan)

quran:83:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Woe to those who give less ˹than due˺,  

Woe (waylun: a term entailing chastisement; or ˹it is the name of˺ a valley in Hell) to the defrauders:
القرآن:٨٣:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ  

{ويل} كلمة عذاب، أو واد في جهنم {للمطففين}.
quran:83:2 –

Who, when they take a measure from people, take in full.  

those who, when they take measure from people, demand ˹it˺ in full, the measure;
القرآن:٨٣:٢ –

الَّذِينَ إِذَا اكْتَالُوا عَلَى النَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ  

{الذين إذا اكتالوا على} أي من {الناس يستوفون} الكيل.
quran:83:3 –

But if they give by measure or by weight to them, they cause loss.  

but ˹who˺ when they measure for them or weigh for them, they cause ˹them˺ loss, they diminish ˹for them˺ the measure or the weight.
القرآن:٨٣:٣ –

وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَوْ وَزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ  

{وإذا كالوهم} أي كالوا لهم {أو وزنوهم} أي وزنوا لهم {يُخْسِرون} ينقصون الكيل أو الوزن.
quran:83:4 –

Do they not think that they will be resurrected  

Do such ˹individuals˺ not know for certain (alā indicates an interrogative of rebuke) that they will be resurrected
القرآن:٨٣:٤ –

أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنَّهُمْ مَبْعُوثُونَ  

{ألا} استفهام توبيخ {يظن} يتيقن {أولئك أنهم مبعوثون}.
quran:83:5 –

For a tremendous Day -  

for an awful day, that is to say, on it, and this is the Day of Resurrection,
القرآن:٨٣:٥ –

لِيَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ  

{ليوم عظيم} أي فيه وهو يوم القيامة.
quran:83:6 –

The Day when mankind will stand before the Lord of the worlds?  

a day when (yawma is a substitution for the ˹syntactical˺ locus of li-yawmin, ‘to an ˹awful˺ day’, and as such is in the accusative because of ˹the verb˺ mab‘ūthūna, ‘will be resurrected’) mankind will rise, from their graves, before the Lord of the Worlds?, ˹the Lord of˺ all creatures, for His affair, His reckoning and His requital.
القرآن:٨٣:٦ –

يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{يوم} بدل من محل ليوم فناصبه مبعوثون {يقوم الناس} من قبورهم {لرب العالمين} الخلائق لأجل أمره وحسابه وجزائه.
quran:83:7 –

No! Indeed, the record of the wicked is in sijjeen.  

Nay!, verily, the record of the profligates, that is to say, the record of the deeds of the disbelievers, is in Sijjīn — this is said to be a book containing ˹the record of˺ all the deeds of the devils and the disbelievers; but it is also said to be a location in the lowermost part of the seventh earth, the place of Satan and his hosts.
القرآن:٨٣:٧ –

كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْفُجَّارِ لَفِي سِجِّينٍ  

{كلا} حقا {إن كتاب الفجَّار} أي كتاب أعمال {لفي سجّين} قيل هو كتاب جامع لأعمال الشياطين والكفرة، وقيل هو مكان أسفل الأرض السابعة وهو إبليس وجنوده.
quran:83:8 –

And what can make you know what is sijjeen?  

And what would tell you what Sijjīn is?, what the book of Sijjīn is.
القرآن:٨٣:٨ –

وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا سِجِّينٌ  

{وما أدراك ما سجين} ما كتاب سجين.
quran:83:9 –

It is ˹their destination recorded in˺ a register inscribed.  

˹It is˺ a sealed book.
القرآن:٨٣:٩ –

كِتَابٌ مَرْقُومٌ  

{كتاب مرقوم} مختوم.
quran:83:10 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers,  

Woe to the deniers on that day,
القرآن:٨٣:١٠ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:83:11 –

Who deny the Day of Recompense.  

who deny the Day of Judgement, ˹the Day of˺ Requital (alladhīna yukadhdhibūna bi-yawmi’l-dīn: either a substitution for or an explication of al-mukadhdhibīna, ‘the deniers’);
القرآن:٨٣:١١ –

الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ  

{الذين يكذبون بيوم الدين} الجزاء بدل أو بيان للمكذبين.
quran:83:12 –

And none deny it except every sinful transgressor.  

and none deny it but every sinful (the form ˹athīm˺ is hyperbolic) transgressor, overstepping the bounds.
القرآن:٨٣:١٢ –

وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ  

{وما يكذب به إلا كل معتدٍ} متجاوز الحد {أثيم} صيغة مبالغة.
quran:83:13 –

When Our verses are recited to him, he says, "Legends of the former peoples."  

When Our signs, ˹of˺ the Qur’ān, are recited to him, he says, ‘˹Mere˺ fables (asātīr) of the ancients!’, ˹mere˺ tales that were written down (sutirat) in ancient times (asātīr is the plural of ustūra or istāra).
القرآن:٨٣:١٣ –

إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا قَالَ أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{إذا تتلى عليه آياتنا} القرآن {قال أساطير الأولين} الحكايات التي سطرت قديما جمع أسطورة بالضم أو إسطارة بالكسر.
quran:83:14 –

No! Rather, the stain has covered their hearts of that which they were earning.  

No indeed! — a deterrent and a warning against saying such ˹things˺. Rather there has slayed, engulfed, their hearts, covering them like rust that which they earned, of acts of disobedience.
القرآن:٨٣:١٤ –

كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ  

{كلا} ردع وزجر لقولهم ذلك {بل ران} غلب {على قلوبهم} فغشيها {ما كانوا يكسبون} من المعاصي فهو كالصدأ.
quran:83:15 –

No! Indeed, from their Lord, that Day, they will be partitioned.  

Nay!, verily, they, on that day, the Day of Resurrection, will be screened off from their Lord, and so they will not see Him.
القرآن:٨٣:١٥ –

كَلَّا إِنَّهُمْ عَنْ رَبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمَحْجُوبُونَ  

{كلا} حقا {إنهم عن ربهم يومئذ} يوم القيامة {لمحجوبون} فلا يرونه.
quran:83:16 –

Then indeed, they will ˹enter and˺ burn in Hellfire.  

Then they will be exposed to Hell-fire, ˹then˺ they will enter the scorching Fire;
القرآن:٨٣:١٦ –

ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ لَصَالُو الْجَحِيمِ  

{ثم إنهم لصالوا الجحيم} لداخلوا النار المحرقة.
quran:83:17 –

Then it will be said ˹to them˺, "This is what you used to deny."  

then it will be said, to them: ‘This, that is, the chastisement, is that which you used to deny!’
القرآن:٨٣:١٧ –

ثُمَّ يُقَالُ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ  

{ثم يقال} لهم {هذا} أي العذاب {الذي كنتم به تكذبون}.
quran:83:18 –

No! Indeed, the record of the righteous is in 'illiyyun.  

Nay!, verily, the record of the pious, that is, the record of the deeds of the believers who were sincere in their faith, is in ‘Illiyyūn — this is said to be the book ˹containing˺ all the good deeds of the angels and the believers from among the two heavy ones ˹sc. mankind and jinn˺; but it is also said to be a place below the Throne in the seventh heaven;
القرآن:٨٣:١٨ –

كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْأَبْرَارِ لَفِي عِلِّيِّينَ  

{كلا} حقا {إن كتاب الأبرار} أي كتاب أعمال المؤمنين الصادقين في إيمانهم {لفي عليين} قيل هو كتاب جامع لأعمال الخير من الملائكة ومؤمني الثقلين، وقيل هو مكان في السماء السابعة تحت العرش.
quran:83:19 –

And what can make you know what is 'illiyyun?  

and what will tell you, ˹what will˺ inform you, what ‘Illiyyūn is?, what the book of ‘Illiyyūn is.
القرآن:٨٣:١٩ –

وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا عِلِّيُّونَ  

{وما أدراك} أعلمك {ما عليون} ما كتاب عليين.
quran:83:20 –

It is ˹their destination recorded in˺ a register inscribed  

˹It is˺ a sealed book,
القرآن:٨٣:٢٠ –

كِتَابٌ مَرْقُومٌ  

هو {كتاب مرقوم} مختوم.
quran:83:21 –

Which is witnessed by those brought near ˹to Allah˺.  

witnessed by those brought near, from among the angels.
القرآن:٨٣:٢١ –

يَشْهَدُهُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ  

{يشهده المقربون} من الملائكة.
quran:83:22 –

Indeed, the righteous will be in pleasure  

Assuredly the pious will be amid bliss, ˹in˺ Paradise,
القرآن:٨٣:٢٢ –

إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ لَفِي نَعِيمٍ  

{إن الأبرار لفي نعيم} جنة.
quran:83:23 –

On adorned couches, observing.  

upon couches, ˹upon˺ beds beneath canopies, gazing, at the bliss which they have been given.
القرآن:٨٣:٢٣ –

عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنْظُرُونَ  

{على الأرائك} السرر في الحجال {ينظرون} ما أعطوا من النعيم.
quran:83:24 –

You will recognize in their faces the radiance of pleasure.  

You will perceive in their faces the radiancy of bliss, the splendour and beauty of blissfulness,
القرآن:٨٣:٢٤ –

تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ نَضْرَةَ النَّعِيمِ  

{تعرف في وجوههم نضرة النعيم} بهجة التنعم وَحُسنه.
quran:83:25 –

They will be given to drink ˹pure˺ wine ˹which was˺ sealed.  

as they are given to drink a nectar, a wine free of any impurities, ˹that is˺ sealed, in its vessel, none other than them breaking its seal,
القرآن:٨٣:٢٥ –

يُسْقَوْنَ مِنْ رَحِيقٍ مَخْتُومٍ  

{يُسقوْن من رحيق} خمر خالصة من الدنس {مختوم} على إنائها لا يفك ختمه غيرهم.
quran:83:26 –

The last of it is musk. So for this let the competitors compete.  

whose seal is musk, that is, whose final sip is followed by an emanating scent of musk — so for such ˹bliss˺ let the viers vie, let them desire to apply themselves to obedience of God —
القرآن:٨٣:٢٦ –

خِتَامُهُ مِسْكٌ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنَافِسُونَ  

{ختامه مسك} أي آخر شربه تفوح من رائحة المسك {وفي ذلك فليتنافس المتنافسون} فليرغبوا بالمبادرة إلى طاعة الله.
quran:83:27 –

And its mixture is of Tasneem,  

and whose mixture, that is to say, that with which it is mixed, is of Tasnīm, which is explained by His ˹following˺ words:
القرآن:٨٣:٢٧ –

وَمِزَاجُهُ مِنْ تَسْنِيمٍ  

{ومزاجه} أي ما يمزج به {من تسنيم} فُسر بقوله:
quran:83:28 –

A spring from which those near ˹to Allah˺ drink.  

a spring (‘aynan is in the accusative because of an implicit ˹prefatory˺ amdahu, ‘I extol ˹this spring˺’) from which those brought near will drink (yashrabu bihā: ˹should be yashrabu˺ minhā, or ˹it may be that bihā is used because˺ yashrabu is meant to imply the sense of yaltadhdhu ˹bihā, ‘in which they delight’˺).
القرآن:٨٣:٢٨ –

عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا الْمُقَرَّبُونَ  

{عينا} فنصبه بأمدح مقدرا {يشرب بها المقربون} منها، أو ضمن يشرب معنى يلتذ.
quran:83:29 –

Indeed, those who committed crimes used to laugh at those who believed.  

Verily the guilty, like Abū Jahl and his ilk, used to laugh at the believers, such as ‘Ammār ˹b. Yāsir˺ and Bilāl ˹the Ethiopian˺ and those like them, in mockery of them;
القرآن:٨٣:٢٩ –

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا كَانُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَضْحَكُونَ  

{إن الذين أجرموا} كأبي جهل ونحوه {كانوا من الذين آمنوا} كعمار وبلال ونحوهما {يضحكون} استهزاءً بهم.
quran:83:30 –

And when they passed by them, they would exchange derisive glances.  

and when they, the believers, passed them by, they would wink at one another, the guilty beckoned with their eyebrows and eyelids towards the believers in mockery;
القرآن:٨٣:٣٠ –

وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِهِمْ يَتَغَامَزُونَ  

{وإذا مروا} أي المؤمنون {بهم يتغامزون} يشير المجرمون إلى المؤمنين بالجفن والحاجب استهزاء.
quran:83:31 –

And when they returned to their people, they would return jesting.  

and when they returned to their folks they would return blithely (fākihīna: a variant reading has fakihīna), rejoicing in their ˹disparaging˺ mention of the believers;
القرآن:٨٣:٣١ –

وَإِذَا انْقَلَبُوا إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِمُ انْقَلَبُوا فَكِهِينَ  

{وإذا انقلبوا} رجعوا {إلى أهلهم انقلبوا فاكهين} وفي قراءة فكهين معجبين بذكرهم المؤمنين.
quran:83:32 –

And when they saw them, they would say, "Indeed, those are truly lost."  

and when they see them, that is, the believers, they say, ‘Lo! these ˹men˺ are astray!’, on account of their belief in Muhammad (s).
القرآن:٨٣:٣٢ –

وَإِذَا رَأَوْهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَضَالُّونَ  

{وإذا رأوْهم} أي المؤمنين {قالوا إن هؤلاء لضالون} لإيمانهم بمحمد ﷺ .
quran:83:33 –

But they had not been sent as guardians over them.  

God, exalted be He, says: Yet they, that is, the disbelievers, were not sent as watchers over them, ˹over˺ the believers, to preserve them or ˹to keep a record of˺ their deeds and thus guide them back to what is best for them.
القرآن:٨٣:٣٣ –

وَمَا أُرْسِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَافِظِينَ  

قال تعالى: {وما أرسلوا} أي الكفار {عليهم} على المؤمنين {حافظين} لهم أو لأعمالهم حتى يدروهم إلى مصالحهم.
quran:83:34 –

So Today those who believed are laughing at the disbelievers,  

So today, that is, the Day of Resurrection, the believers will be laughing at the disbelievers,
القرآن:٨٣:٣٤ –

فَالْيَوْمَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ يَضْحَكُونَ  

{فاليوم} أي يوم القيامة {الذين آمنوا من الكفار يضحكون}.
quran:83:35 –

On adorned couches, observing.  

upon couches, in Paradise, gazing, out from their dwellings at the disbelievers while they are being tortured; and they will laugh at them just as they, the disbelievers, had laughed at them in the world.
القرآن:٨٣:٣٥ –

عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنْظُرُونَ  

{على الأرائك} في الجنة {ينظرون} من منازلهم إلى الكفار وهم يعذبون فيضحكون منهم كما ضحك الكفار منهم في الدنيا.
quran:83:36 –

Have the disbelievers ˹not˺ been rewarded ˹this Day˺ for what they used to do?  

Have the disbelievers been requited for what they used to do? Yes, indeed! Meccan, consisting of 23 or 25 verses.
القرآن:٨٣:٣٦ –

هَلْ ثُوِّبَ الْكُفَّارُ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ  

{هل ثُوِّبَ} جوزي {الكفار ما كانوا يفعلون} نعم.