the Messenger of Allah ﷺ bought some food from a Jew with payment to be made later, and he pawned his armor for that.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اشْتَرَى مِنْ يَهُودِيٍّ طَعَامًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَأَرْهَنَهُ دِرْعَهُ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ pawned his armor to a jew in Al-Madinah, and took barely for his family in return.”  

لَقَدْ رَهَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دِرْعَهُ عِنْدَ يَهُودِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَخَذَ لأَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ شَعِيرًا  

the Prophet ﷺ died while his armor was pawned to a Jew for food.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ وَدِرْعُهُ مَرْهُونَةٌ عِنْدَ يَهُودِيٍّ بِطَعَامٍ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died while his armor was pawned to a Jew for thirty Sa’s of barley.' ”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَاتَ وَدِرْعُهُ رَهْنٌ عِنْدَ يَهُودِيٍّ بِثَلاَثِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ  

“A mount may be ridden when it is pawned, and its milk may be drunk when it is pawned, but the one who rides it or milks it must pay for its upkeep.' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظَّهْرُ يُرْكَبُ إِذَا كَانَ مَرْهُونًا وَلَبَنُ الدَّرِّ يُشْرَبُ إِذَا كَانَ مَرْهُونًا وَعَلَى الَّذِي يَرْكَبُ وَيَشْرَبُ نَفَقَتُهُ  

“Do not forfeit items held in pledge.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ  

(Allah (SWT) says:) “I am the opponent of three on the Day of Resurrection, and if I am someone's opponent I will defeat him: A man who makes promises in My Name, then proves treacherous; a man who sells a free man and consumes his price; and a man who hires a worker, makes use to him, then does not give him his wages.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلاَثَةٌ أَنَا خَصْمُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَنْ كُنْتُ خَصْمَهُ خَصَمْتُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ رَجُلٌ أَعْطَى بِي ثُمَّ غَدَرَ وَرَجُلٌ بَاعَ حُرًّا فَأَكَلَ ثَمَنَهُ وَرَجُلٌ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيرًا فَاسْتَوْفَى مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُوفِهِ أَجْرَهُ  

“Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطُوا الأَجِيرَ أَجْرَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجِفَّ عَرَقُهُ  

“I heard 'Utbah bin Nuddar say: 'We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he recited Ta-Sin. When he reached the story of Musa, he said: 'Musa (A.S) hired himself out for eight years, or ten, in return for his chastity and food in his stomach.' ”  

سَمِعْتُ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ النُّدَّرِ يَقُولُ كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَرَأَ طسم حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ قِصَّةَ مُوسَى قَالَ إِنَّ مُوسَى ﷺ أَجَّرَ نَفْسَهُ ثَمَانِيَ سِنِينَ أَوْ عَشْرًا عَلَى عِفَّةِ فَرْجِهِ وَطَعَامِ بَطْنِهِ  

I heard Abu Hurairah say: “I grew up an orphan, and I emigrated as a poor man, and I was hired by the daughter of Ghazwan in return for food and a turn riding the camel. I would gather firewood for them when they stopped to camp and urge their camels along for them by singing when they rode. Praise is to Allah (SWT) who has caused His religion to prevail and has made Abu Hurairah an Imam.”  

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ نَشَأْتُ يَتِيمًا وَهَاجَرْتُ مِسْكِينًا وَكُنْتُ أَجِيرًا لاِبْنَةِ غَزْوَانَ بِطَعَامِ بَطْنِي وَعُقْبَةِ رِجْلِي أَحْطِبْ لَهُمْ إِذَا نَزَلُوا وَأَحْدُو لَهُمْ إِذَا رَكِبُوا فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الدِّينَ قِوَامًا وَجَعَلَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ إِمَامًا  

“The Prophet ﷺ was in need of food, and news of that reached 'Ali. He went out seeking work so that he could earn something to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He came to a garden belonging to a Jewish man, and he drew seventeen buckets of water for him, each bucket for a date. The Jew gave him the option to take seventeen of his 'Ajwah dates (a high quality of dates) and he brought them to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ.”  

أَصَابَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَصَاصَةٌ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا فَخَرَجَ يَلْتَمِسُ عَمَلاً يُصِيبُ فِيهِ شَيْئًا لِيُغِيثَ بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَتَى بُسْتَانًا لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَاسْتَقَى لَهُ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ دَلْوًا كُلُّ دَلْوٍ بِتَمْرَةٍ فَخَيَّرَهُ الْيَهُودِيُّ مِنْ تَمْرِهِ سَبْعَ عَشَرَةَ عَجْوَةً فَجَاءَ بِهَا إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ  

“I used to draw water, one bucket for a date, and I stipulated that they should be good quality, dried dates.”  

أَنَّهَا جَلْدَةٌ  

“A man from among the Ansar Came and said: 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, why do I see that your color has changed?' He said: 'Hunger.' So the Ansari went to his dwelling, but he did not find anything in his dwelling, so he went out looking, and he found a Jew watering his date-palm trees. The Ansari stipulated that he would not take any dates that were black (rotten), hard and dried out or inferior, and he would only take good quality dates. He earned nearly two Sa's (of dates), and he brought it to the Prophet ﷺ.”  

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا لِي أَرَى لَوْنَكَ مُنْكَفِئًا قَالَ الْخَمْصُ فَانْطَلَقَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ إِلَى رَحْلِهِ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ فِي رَحْلِهِ شَيْئًا فَخَرَجَ يَطْلُبُ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِيَهُودِيٍّ يَسْقِي نَخْلاً فَقَالَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ أَسْقِي نَخْلَكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ كُلُّ دَلْوٍ بِتَمْرَةٍ وَاشْتَرَطَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ أَنْ لاَ يَأْخُذَ خَدِرَةً وَلاَ تَارِزَةً وَلاَ حَشَفَةً وَلاَ يَأْخُذَ إِلاَّ جَلْدَةً فَاسْتَقَى بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ صَاعَيْنِ فَجَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade Muhaqalah and Muzabanah, and said: 'Only three may cultivate: A man who has land which he cultivates a man who was given some land and cultivates what he was given; and a man who takes land on lease for gold or silver.' ”  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا يَزْرَعُ ثَلاَثَةٌ رَجُلٌ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَهُوَ يَزْرَعُهَا وَرَجُلٌ مُنِحَ أَرْضًا فَهُوَ يَزْرَعُ مَا مُنِحَ وَرَجُلٌ اسْتَكْرَى أَرْضًا بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ  

“I heard Ibn 'Umar say: 'We used to lend land for cultivation in return for a share of the harvest, and we did not see anything wrong with that, until we heard Rafi' bin Khadij say: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade it.” Then we stopped because of what he said.' ”  

سَمِعْنَا رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ يَقُولُ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْهُ فَتَرَكْنَاهُ لِقَوْلِهِ  

“I heard Jabir bin 'Abdullah say: Some men among us had extra land which they would rent out for one third or one quarter (of the crop). The Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever has extra land, let him cultivate it (himself) or let him give it to his brother (for free, to cultivate it), and if he does not want to do that, let him keep his land.”  

النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فُضُولُ أَرَضِينَ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيُزْرِعْهَا أَخَاهُ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيُمْسِكْ أَرْضَهُ  

“Whoever has land, let him cultivate it (himself) or let him give it to his brother (for free, to cultivate it), and if he does not want to do that, let him keep his land.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيُمْسِكْ أَرْضَهُ  

he used to lease out some land that belonged to him, for cultivation. Then someone came to him and told him that Rafi' bin Khadij said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had forbidden leasing out land for cultivation. Ibn 'Umar went, and I went with him, until he met him in Balat, and asked him about that, and he told him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had forbidden leasing out land for cultivation. So 'Abdullah stopped lessening out land.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكْرِي أَرْضًا لَهُ مَزَارِعًا فَأَتَاهُ إِنْسَانٌ فَأَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْمَزَارِعِ فَذَهَبَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ بِالْبَلاَطِ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْمَزَارِعِ فَتَرَكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ كِرَاءَهَا  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and said: 'Whoever has land, let him cultivate it or allow someone else to cultivate it, and not rent it out.' ”  

خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيُزْرِعْهَا وَلاَ يُؤَاجِرْهَا  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade Muhaqlah.” (Sahih)Muhaqlah means leasing out land  

أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ يَقُولُ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ اسْتِكْرَاءُ الأَرْضِ  

“Subhan-Allah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Why does not one of you lend it to his brother?' But he did not forbid leasing it out.' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَلاَ مَنَحَهَا أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ وَلَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْ كِرَائِهَا  

“If one of you were to lend his brother his land, it would be better for him than taking such and such rent for it.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لأَنْ يَمْنَحَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ أَرْضَهُ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَلَيْهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا لِشَىْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ هُوَ الْحَقْلُ وَهُوَ بِلِسَانِ الأَنْصَارِ الْمُحَاقَلَةُ  

“I asked Rafi' bin Khadij and he said: 'We used to lease out land on the basis that you would have what is produced by this piece of land, and I would have what is produced by this (other) piece of land, and we were forbidden to lease it out on the basis of crop-sharing but he did not forbid us to rent out land for silver.”  

أَنَّ لَكَ مَا أَخْرَجَتْ هَذِهِ وَلِي مَا أَخْرَجَتْ هَذِهِ فَنُهِينَا أَنْ نُكْرِيَهَا بِمَا أَخْرَجَتْ وَلَمْ نُنْهَ أَنْ نُكْرِيَ الأَرْضَ بِالْوَرِقِ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade us from doing something that was convenient for us.” I said: “What the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said is true.” He said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “What do you with your farms?” We said: “We rent them out for one third or one quarter of their yield, and a certain amount of wheat and barley.” He said: “Do not do that; cultivate them or let others cultivate them.”  

نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَنَا رَافِقًا فَقُلْتُ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَهُوَ حَقٌّ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ بِمَحَاقِلِكُمْ قُلْنَا نُؤَاجِرُهَا عَلَى الثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالأَوْسُقِ مِنَ الْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرِ فَقَالَ فَلاَ تَفْعَلُوا ازْرَعُوهَا أَوْ أَزْرِعُوهَا  

“If one of us did not need his land, he would give it (to someone else to cultivate) in return for one third, or one half of the yield , and he would stipulate (that the should receive) the produce grows on the banks of three streams, and the grains that remain in the ear after threshing, and the produce irrigated by a stream. Life at that time was hard, and he would work (the land) with iron and whatever Allah (SWT) willed, and he would benefit from it. Then Rafi bin Khadij came to us and said: ‘The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade you to do something that may seem beneficial to you, but obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger are more beneficial for you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade Haq for you, and he said: “Whoever has no need of his land, let him give it to his brother (to cultivate) or let him leave it (uncultivated).”  

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَكُمْ نَافِعًا وَطَاعَةُ اللَّهِ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِهِ أَنْفَعُ لَكُمْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الْحَقْلِ وَيَقُولُ مَنِ اسْتَغْنَى عَنْ أَرْضِهِ فَلْيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ أَوْ لِيَدَعْ  

“May Allah (SWT) forgive Rafi' bin Khadij. By Allah (SWT)! I have more knowledge of Ahadith than he does. Two men who had quarreled came to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: 'If this is your situation, do not lease farms,' and what Rafi' bin khadij heard was 'Do not lease farms.' ”  

زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ أَنَا وَاللَّهِ أَعْلَمُ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْهُ إِنَّمَا أَتَى رَجُلاَنِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَقَدِ اقْتَتَلاَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا شَأْنَكُمْ فَلاَ تُكْرُوا الْمَزَارِعَ قَالَ فَسَمِعَ رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ قَوْلَهُ فَلاَ تُكْرُوا الْمَزَارِعَ  

I said to Tawus: “O Abu 'Abdur-Rahman, why do you not give up this Mukhabarah because they claim that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade it.” He said: “O 'Amr, I help them by taking their land and cultivating it, and giving them something in return, and Muʿadh bin Jabal allowed people here to do that. The most knowledgeable of them - meaning IbnʿAbbas - told me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not forbid it, rather he said: 'For one you to give (land) to his brother is better than if he were to take a set amount in rent for it.'”  

قُلْتُ لِطَاوُسٍ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لَوْ تَرَكْتَ هَذِهِ الْمُخَابَرَةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْهُ فَقَالَ أَىْ عَمْرُو إِنِّي أُعِينُهُمْ وَأُعْطِيهِمْ وَإِنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ أَخَذَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا عِنْدَنَا وَإِنَّ أَعْلَمَهُمْ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْهَا وَلَكِنْ قَالَ لأَنْ يَمْنَحَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَلَيْهَا أَجْرًا مَعْلُومًا  

Muʿadh bin Jabl leased some land during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Abu Bakr, 'Umar and 'Uthmah, in return for one third or one fourth (of the yield), and he was still doing that until this day of yours.  

أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ أَكْرَى الأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ فَهُوَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِكَ هَذَا  

“For one of you to give (land) to his brother is better for him than if he were to take a set amount in rent for it.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لأَنْ يَمْنَحَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ الأَرْضَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لَهَا خَرَاجًا مَعْلُومًا  

We used to give land in return for food at the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and some of my paternal uncles came to them and said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever has land, he should not rent it out for a set amount of food.”  

كُنَّا نُحَاقِلُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ بَعْضَ عُمُومَتِهِ أَتَاهُمْ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلاَ يُكْرِيهَا بِطَعَامٍ مُسَمًّى  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever cultivates peopleʿs land without their permission, he has no right to any produce, but he should be recompensed for his expenditure.' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ زَرَعَ فِي أَرْضِ قَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ شَىْءٌ وَتُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَتُهُ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered into a contract with the people of Khaibar for one half of the fruits or crops yielded.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ بِالشَّطْرِ مِمَّا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ ثَمَرٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ  

“When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave Khaibar to its people in return of its palm trees and land.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَى خَيْبَرَ أَهْلَهَا عَلَى النِّصْفِ نَخْلُهَا وَأَرْضُهَا  

“When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Khaibar, he gave it (to its people) in return for half (of its yield).”  

لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ أَعْطَاهَا عَلَى النِّصْفِ  

“I passed by some palm trees with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he saw some people pollinating the trees. He said: 'What are these people doing?' They said: 'They are taking something from the male part (of the plant) and putting it in the female part.' He said: 'I do not think that this will do any good.' News of that reached them, so they stopped doing it, and their yield declined. News of that reached the Prophet ﷺ and he said: 'That was only my thought. If it will do any good, then do it. I am only a human being like you, and what I think may be right or wrong. But When I tell you: “Allah (SWT) says,” I will never tell lies about Allah (SWT).' ”  

مَرَرْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَخْلٍ فَرَأَى قَوْمًا يُلَقِّحُونَ النَّخْلَ فَقَالَ مَا يَصْنَعُ هَؤُلاَءِ قَالُوا يَأْخُذُونَ مِنَ الذَّكَرِ فَيَجْعَلُونَهُ فِي الأُنْثَى قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ ذَاكَ يُغْنِي شَيْئًا فَبَلَغَهُمْ فَتَرَكُوهُ وَنَزَلُوا عَنْهَا فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ ظَنٌّ إِنْ كَانَ يُغْنِي شَيْئًا فَاصْنَعُوهُ فَإِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ وَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ يُخْطِئُ وَيُصِيبُ وَلَكِنْ مَا قُلْتُ لَكُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ فَلَنْ أَكْذِبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ  

“What is this noise?” They said: “Palm trees that are being pollinated.” He said: “If they did not do that it would be better.” So they did not pollinate them that year, and the dates did not mature properly. they mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: “If it is one of the matters of your religion, then refer to me.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَمِعَ أَصْوَاتًا فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا الصَّوْتُ قَالُوا النَّخْلُ يُؤَبِّرُونَهُ فَقَالَ لَوْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا لَصَلَحَ فَلَمْ يُؤَبِّرُوا عَامَئِذٍ فَصَارَ شِيصًا فَذَكَرُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِ دُنْيَاكُمْ فَشَأْنَكُمْ بِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا مِنْ أُمُورِ دِينِكُمْ فَإِلَىَّ  

“The Muslims are partners in three things: water, pasture and fire, and their price is unlawful.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُسْلِمُونَ شُرَكَاءُ فِي ثَلاَثٍ فِي الْمَاءِ وَالْكَلإِ وَالنَّارِ وَثَمَنُهُ حَرَامٌ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ يَعْنِي الْمَاءَ الْجَارِيَ  

“Three things cannot be denied to anyone: water, pasture and fire.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ثَلاَثٌ لاَ يُمْنَعْنَ الْمَاءُ وَالْكَلأُ وَالنَّارُ  

“O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, what are the things which are not permissible to withhold?” He said: “Water, salt and fire.” She said: “I said: 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, we know what water is, but what about salt and fire?” He said: “O Humaira', whoever gives fire (to another), it is as if he has given in charity all the food that is cooked on that fire. And whoever gives salt, it is as if he has given in charity all that the salt makes good. And whoever gives a Muslim water to drink when water is available, it is as if he freed a slave; and whoever gives a Muslim water to drink when there is no water available, it is as if he brought him back to life.”  

أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الشَّىْءُ الَّذِي لاَ يَحِلُّ مَنْعُهُ قَالَ الْمَاءُ وَالْمِلْحُ وَالنَّارُ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا الْمَاءُ قَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ فَمَا بَالُ الْمِلْحِ وَالنَّارِ قَالَ يَا حُمَيْرَاءُ مَنْ أَعْطَى نَارًا فَكَأَنَّمَا تَصَدَّقَ بِجَمِيعِ مَا أَنْضَجَتْ تِلْكَ النَّارُ وَمَنْ أَعْطَى مِلْحًا فَكَأَنَّمَا تَصَدَّقَ بِجَمِيعِ مَا طَيَّبَ ذَلِكَ الْمِلْحُ وَمَنْ سَقَى مُسْلِمًا شَرْبَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ حَيْثُ يُوجَدُ الْمَاءُ فَكَأَنَّمَا أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً وَمَنْ سَقَى مُسْلِمًا شَرْبَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ حَيْثُ لاَ يُوجَدُ الْمَاءُ فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَاهَا  

That he asked for a salt flat called the Ma'rib Dam to be given to him, and it was given to him. Then Aqra bin Habis At-Tamimi came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: “O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I used to come to the salt flat during the Ignorance period and it was in a land in which there was no water, and whoever came to it took from it. It was (plentiful) like flowing water.” So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked Abyad bin Hammal to give back his share of the salt flat. He said: “I give it to you on the basis that you make it charity given by me.” The Messenger of Allah said: “It is a charity from you, and it is like flowing water, whoever comes to it may take from it.”(One of the narrators) Faraj said: “That is how it is today, whoever comes to it takes from it.” He said: “The Prophet ﷺ gave him land and palm trees in Jurf Murad instead, when he took back the salt flat from him.”  

يُقَالُ لَهُ مِلْحُ سَدِّ مَأْرِبٍ فَأَقْطَعَهُ لَهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الأَقْرَعَ بْنَ حَابِسٍ التَّمِيمِيَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي قَدْ وَرَدْتُ الْمِلْحَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَهُوَ بِأَرْضٍ لَيْسَ بِهَا مَاءٌ وَمَنْ وَرَدَهُ أَخَذَهُ وَهُوَ مِثْلُ الْمَاءِ الْعِدِّ فَاسْتَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبْيَضَ بْنَ حَمَّالٍ فِي قَطِيعَتِهِ فِي الْمِلْحِ فَقَالَ قَدْ أَقَلْتُكَ مِنْهُ عَلَى أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ مِنِّي صَدَقَةً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ مِنْكَ صَدَقَةٌ وَهُوَ مِثْلُ الْمَاءِ الْعِدِّ مَنْ وَرَدَهُ أَخَذَهُ قَالَ فَرَجٌ وَهُوَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَنْ وَرَدَهُ أَخَذَهُ قَالَ فَقَطَعَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَرْضًا وَنَخْلاً بِالْجُرْفِ جُرْفِ مُرَادٍ مَكَانَهُ حِينَ أَقَالَهُ مِنْهُ  

“I heard Iyas bin 'Abd Muzani say - when he saw people selling water: 'Do not sell water, for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbidding selling of water.' ”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُبَاعَ الْمَاءُ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade selling surplus water.”  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ فَضْلِ الْمَاءِ  

“No one of you should withhold surplus water from common pastureland.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَمْنَعْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَضْلَ مَاءٍ لِيَمْنَعَ بِهِ الْكَلأَ  

“Surplus water should not be withheld, and neither should surplus water from a well.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ الْمَاءِ وَلاَ يُمْنَعُ نَقْعُ الْبِئْرِ  

a man from among the Ansar had a dispute with Zubair in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning the streams of the Harrah with which he irrigated his palm trees. The Ansari said: “Let the water flow,” but he refused. So they referred their dispute to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Irrigate (your trees) O Zubair, then let the water flow to your neighbor.” The Ansari became angry and said: “O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, is it because he is your cousin (son of your paternal aunt)?” The expression of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ changed, then he said: “O Zubair, irrigate (your trees) then retain the water until it reaches the walls.” Zubair said: “I think this Verse was revealed concerning that: “But no, by your Lord, they make you (O Muhammad) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission [1].'” (Sahih) [1] An-Nisa 4.65  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ خَاصَمَ الزُّبَيْرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شِرَاجِ الْحَرَّةِ الَّتِي يَسْقُونَ بِهَا النَّخْلَ فَقَالَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ سَرِّحِ الْمَاءَ يَمُرَّ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَاخْتَصَمَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْقِ يَا زُبَيْرُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلَى جَارِكَ فَغَضِبَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْ كَانَ ابْنَ عَمَّتِكَ فَتَلَوَّنَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا زُبَيْرُ اسْقِ ثُمَّ احْبِسِ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْجَدْرِ قَالَ فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لأَحْسَبُ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ {فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا}  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled concerning the stream of Mahzur that the higher ground took precedence over the lower, so the higher ground should be irrigated until the water reached the ankles, then it should be released to those who were lower.  

قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَيْلِ مَهْزُورٍ الأَعْلَى فَوْقَ الأَسْفَلِ يَسْقِي الأَعْلَى إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُرْسِلُ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَسْفَلُ مِنْهُ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled concerning the stream of Mahzur that the water should be retained until it reached the ankles, then released.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي سَيْلِ مَهْزُورٍ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُرْسِلَ الْمَاءَ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled concerning the irrigation of palm trees from streams, that the higher ground should be irrigated before the lower, and that the water should be allowed to reach the ankles, then released to flow the nearest lower ground, and so on, until all the fields were watered or until the water ran out.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي شُرْبِ النَّخْلِ مِنَ السَّيْلِ أَنَّ الأَعْلَى فَالأَعْلَى يَشْرَبُ قَبْلَ الأَسْفَلِ وَيُتْرَكُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُرْسَلُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الأَسْفَلِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَكَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْحَوَائِطُ أَوْ يَفْنَى الْمَاءُ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Start with the horses on the day that you bring (the animals to drink).' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُبْدَأُ بِالْخَيْلِ يَوْمَ وِرْدِهَا  

“Every division that was allocated according to (the rules of) the Ignorance days, stands as it is, and every division that was allocated according to (the rules of) Islam, stands according to the rules of Islam.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلُّ قَسْمٍ قُسِمَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ عَلَى مَا قُسِمَ وَكُلُّ قَسْمٍ أَدْرَكَهُ الإِسْلاَمُ فَهُوَ عَلَى قَسْمِ الإِسْلاَمِ