[Machine] I met around a dozen of the Sahaba, meaning companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . All of them said, "Let the Mawla (leader) be appointed." Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "No less than a dozen should be thirteen, and they were all saying it from the Ansar."  

أَدْرَكْتُ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَيْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كُلُّهُمْ يَقُولُ يُوقَفُ الْمُولِي قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَأَقَلُّ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ  

[Machine] About twelve of the Prophet's companions, divorce does not occur until it is halted.  

عَنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْإِيلَاءُ لَا يَكُونُ طَلَاقًا حَتَّى يُوقَفَ  

[Machine] He said, "I asked twelve of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a man who had sexual intercourse. They said, 'He does not have to do anything until four months have passed and then he should either fulfill [his marital duties] or divorce [his wife]."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُؤْلِي قَالُوا لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَيُوقَفُ فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَإِلَّا طَلَّقَ  

[Machine] That Uthman ibn Affan used to appoint the master.  

أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ كَانَ يُوقَفُ الْمَوْلَى  

[Machine] That Uthman did not see anything of the ilah (idol) and even the four months had passed until it was stopped.  

أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ ؓ كَانَ لَا يَرَى الْإِيلَاءَ شَيْئًا وَإِنْ مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى يُوقَفَ  

[Machine] I witnessed Ali stopping the debtor.  

شَهِدْتُ عَلِيًّا أَوْقَفَ الْمُؤْلِيَ  

[Machine] Ali stopped the speaker.  

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ أَوْقَفَ الْمُؤْلِيَ  

[Machine] Ali used to stop the speaker.  

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ كَانَ يُوقِفُ الْمُؤْلِيَ  

[Machine] Ali used to say, concerning the 'Ila' (a type of vow of abstinence), that if four months pass and it is not revoked, it is not a divorce. And if a whole year passes, it is not a divorce until it is revoked.  

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَلَمْ يُوقَفْ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِطَلَاقٍ وَلَوْ مَرَّتِ السَّنَةُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقٌ حَتَّى يُوقَفَ  

[Machine] To divorce  

أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ  

[Machine] I witnessed Ali stopping a man for four months. He stood him in the open space and said, "Either fulfill your obligation or divorce her." This is a authentic chain of narration and it is mentioned from Abu Bakhtari, from Ali, that he said, "If a man reaches the completion of four [months], he is told to either fulfill his obligation or firmly decide on divorce." And he is compelled to do so.  

شَهِدْتُ عَلِيًّا ؓ أَوْقَفَ رَجُلًا عِنْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ فَوَقَفَهُ فِي الرَّحْبَةِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُفِيءَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ مَوْصُولٌ وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ إِذَا آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَقَفَ عِنْدَ تَمَامِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِمَّا أَنْ تُفِيءَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَعْزِمَ الطَّلَاقَ قَالَ وَيُجْبَرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] "He used to say that if a man has sexual intercourse with his wife, then after the passing of four months he must either divorce her or satisfy her, and if he does not, then divorce will not occur until the passing of four months and he should not touch her anymore."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَإِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وُقِفَ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ أَوْ يُفِيءَ وَلَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا الطَّلَاقُ إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى يُوقَفَ  

[Machine] He does not approach his wife, so he leaves her for five months. She does not see anything until he stops and says, "How did Allah say, 'either hold [her] with kindness or release [her] with kindness'"?  

لَا يَأْتِيَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَيَدَعَهَا خَمْسَةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَا تَرَى ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا حَتَّى يُوقَفَ وَتَقُولُ كَيْفَ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ}  

[Machine] To be divorced  

يُطَلِّقَ  

[Machine] Dharr and Aisha said: The debtor should be given a period of time after which he must either fulfill his obligation or be released.  

ذَرٍّ وَعَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَا يُوقَفُ الْمُؤْلِي بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْمُدَّةِ فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُفِيءَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ  

[Machine] "That he fulfills, and Allah knows best."  

أَنْ يُفِيءَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] From Sa'id and Abu Bakr, from their saying, not attributed to Umar.  

عَنْ سَعِيدٍ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا غَيْرَ مَرْفُوعٍ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ  

[Machine] "When the four months have passed, it is considered a final divorce, and her husband can no longer take her back as long as she is in the waiting period. Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the opinion of Ibn Shihab regarding this matter is more correct than the first narration."  

أَنَّهَا إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرُ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَلِزَوْجِهَا عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ مَا كَانَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ كَانَ رَأْيُ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ هَذَا أَصَحُّ مِنَ الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى  

[Machine] I inform you of what Uthman and Zaid used to say. They used to say that when the four months have passed, it is considered a divorce. And likewise...  

أُخْبِرُكَ مَا كَانَ عُثْمَانُ وَزَيْدٌ ؓ يَقُولَانِ؟ كَانَا يَقُولَانِ إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرُ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] If a man divorces his wife, and the four months have passed, then it is considered a divorce, and he can propose to her during her waiting period, and no one else may propose to her except him. The waiting period is three menstrual cycles. Abu Sa'eed informed us that Abu al-Abbas said that Rabee' said that al-Shafi'i said, "As for what I have narrated from Ibn Mas'ood, it is Mursal, and the hadith of Ali ibn Badhima cannot be attributed to anyone else but him. I know it means that no one else can deliver it except him." He said, "If this is proven, then by saying "I have become ill" I would only be referring to the statement of the fourteen companions of the Prophet ﷺ, or one or two of them."  

إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَمَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرُ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَيَخْطُبُهَا فِي عِدَّتِهَا وَلَا يَخْطُبُهَا أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُ وَالْعِدَّةُ ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ 15228 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ أَمَّا مَا رَوَيْتُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ فَمُرْسَلٌ وَحَدِيثُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَذِيمَةَ لَا يُسْنِدُهُ غَيْرُهُ عَلِمْتُهُ يَعْنِي لَا يُوصِلُهُ غَيْرُهُ قَالَ وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا ثَابِتًا فَكُنْتُ إِنَّمَا بِقَوْلِهِ اعْتَلَلْتُ أَكَانَ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ أَوْ وَاحِدًا وَاثْنَيْنِ  

[Machine] Abbas  

عَبَّاسٍ ؓ  

[Machine] Ibn Abbas was the narrator of this story and it has been narrated differently from him.  

اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ بِخِلَافِهِ  

[Machine] The man swears to his wife by Allah that he will not have sexual relations with her. She then observes a waiting period of four months. If he still decides to have sexual relations with her, he must atone for breaking his oath by either feeding ten poor people, or clothing them, or freeing a slave. If he is unable to do so, he must fast for three days. If four months have passed and he has not had sexual relations with her, the sultan has the choice to either fulfill his promise and keep her, or divorce her, as Allah has commanded.  

الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ بِاللهِ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا تَتَرَبَّصُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ هُوَ نَكَحَهَا كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ بِإِطْعَامِ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ كِسْوَتِهِمْ أَوْ تَحْرِيرِ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَإِنْ مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا خَيَّرَهُ السُّلْطَانُ إِمَّا أَنْ يُفِيءَ فَيُرَاجِعَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَعْزِمَ فَيُطَلِّقَ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى  

[Machine] "And Ibn Abbas and Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them) said: When four months have passed after a man has had sexual relations with his wife, then he is to be stopped and asked: Did you keep her or divorce her? If he chose to keep her, then she remains his wife. But if he chose to divorce her, then she is a divorced woman. And Ibn Mas'ud and Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them) said: When the four months have passed, she is a divorced woman and she has the right over herself. Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his argument against their statement with the saying of Ibn Abbas: We said as for Ibn Abbas, you are opposing him in regard to 'ila. He said, from where?"  

وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ يَقُولَانِ إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَمَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنَّهُ يُوقَفُ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ أَمْسَكْتَ أَوْ طَلَّقْتَ فَإِنْ أَمْسَكَ فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَ فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَكَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ يَقُولَانِ إِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرُ فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي احْتِجَاجِهِمْ بِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قُلْنَا أَمَّا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَأَنْتَ تُخَالِفُهُ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ قَالَ وَمِنْ أَيْنَ  

[Machine] He said, "The husband who swears does not approach his wife ever."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ الْمُؤْلِي الَّذِي يَحْلِفُ لَا يَقْرَبُ امْرَأَتَهُ أَبَدًا  

[Machine] The term "الْفَيْءُ الْجِمَاعُ" in Arabic predominantly translates to "sexual intercourse" in English.  

الْفَيْءُ الْجِمَاعُ  

[Machine] Translation: Good manners during intercourse. If he has an excuse due to illness or imprisonment, he may fulfill it with his tongue.  

الْحَسَنُ الْفَيْءُ الْجِمَاعُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عُذْرٌ مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ سَجْنٍ أَجْزَأَهُ أَنْ يُفِيءَ بِلِسَانِهِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ vowed to keep aloof from his wives for one month, and he had dislocation of his leg. So, he stayed in a Mashruba for 29 nights and then came down. Some people said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! You vowed to stay aloof for one month," He replied, "The month is of 29 days." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1911)   

آلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ وَكَانَتِ انْفَكَّتْ رِجْلُهُ فَأَقَامَ فِي مَشْرُبَةٍ لَهُ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ آلَيْتَ شَهْرًا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الشَّهْرَ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً  

[Machine] The pre-Islamic period of Ignorance (jahiliyyah) used to consider the year as consisting of twelve months, and sometimes even more than that. But Allah ﷻ reduced them to four sacred months. So, if someone's veneration (i.e. his intention to observe sacredness and respect) was specifically for these four months, and in another narration, Yunus said, "If someone's veneration was for less than four months, then it is not considered veneration." Ata also said, "And if he inclines towards it while it is in her family's home before marrying her, then it is not considered veneration."  

كَانَ إِيلَاءُ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ السَّنَةُ وَالسَّنَتَيْنِ وَأَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَوَقَّتَ اللهُ ﷻ لَهُمْ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ إِيلَاؤُهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ فَمَنْ كَانَ إِيلَاؤُهُ أَقَلَّ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَلَيْسَ بِإِيلَاءٍ قَالَ وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَإِنْ آلَى مِنْهَا وَهِيَ فِي بَيْتِ أَهْلِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ بِهَا فَلَيْسَ بِإِيلَاءٍ  

[Machine] That it should never touch her or six months or more or what exceeds four months or something like that  

أَنْ لَا يَمَسَّهَا أَبَدًا أَوْ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ أَوْ مَا زَادَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Al-Sha'bi and Al-Nakha'i, may Allah have mercy on them.  

الشَّعْبِيِّ وَالنَّخَعِيِّ رَحِمَهُمَا اللهُ  

[Machine] "To assassinate him, he swore not to approach her until she weans him. He did so until she weaned him. He said, 'I mentioned that to Ali.' Ali said, 'Indeed, you only intended good, and venting anger is only due to anger.' Ash-Shafi'i narrated it from Hushaym, from Dawud, from Simak bin Harb, from Abu Atiyyah al-Asadi, that he married his brother's wife while she was breastfeeding his nephew. It was mentioned."  

أَنْ تَغْتَالَهُ فَحَلَفَ لَا يَقْرَبَهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَهُ فَفَعَلَ حَتَّى فَطَمَتْهُ قَالَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِنَّكَ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتَ الْخَيْرَ وَإِنَّمَا الْإِيلَاءُ فِي الْغَضَبِ وَحَكَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَطِيَّةَ الْأَسَدِيِّ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ أَخِيهِ وَهِيَ تُرْضِعُ بِابْنِ أَخِيهِ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] My mother was breastfeeding a baby, and the baby died. So my father swore not to approach her until the baby was weaned. After four months, someone told him that it was over for him, so he came to Ali and informed him. Ali said, "If you swore an oath concerning harm, then she is your wife. Otherwise, it is over for you." Shu'bah narrated this from Simak ibn Harb. Al-Shafi'i also said in the past, "And whoever says this statement should say likewise if there is a reason that sexual intercourse with her is harmful to her or if he starts with his right hand, as her state is not linked to harm. Therefore, it is not considered an oath. And for this statement, there is a good argument. Allah knows best." Others said, "He is a muwli and every oath that prohibits sexual intercourse is considered an oath. So, it is considered an oath. And there is evidence for this in the recent case, and he argued that Allah has revealed the absolute prohibition without mentioning anger or satisfaction. Allah knows best."  

كَانَتْ أُمِّي تُرْضِعُ صَبِيًّا وَقَدْ تُوُفِّيَ صَبِيٌّ لَنَا فَحَلَفَ أَبِي أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَ الصَّبِيَّ فَمَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْكَ فَأَتَى عَلِيًّا ؓ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِنْ كُنْتَ حَلَفْتَ عَلَى تَضِرَّةٍ فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُكَ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْكَ كَذَا قَالَ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَقُولَ وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانَتْ بِهَا عِلَّةٌ يَضُرُّهَا الْجِمَاعُ بِهَا أَوْ بَدَأَ الْيَمِينَ وَلَيْسَ هَيْئَتُهَا الضِّرَارُ فَلَيْسَتْ بِإِيلَاءٍ وَلِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ وَجْهٌ حَسَنٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ هُوَ مُؤْلِي وَكُلُّ يَمِينٍ مَنَعَتِ الْجِمَاعَ فَهِيَ إِيلَاءٌ وَعَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ نَصٌّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ الْإِيلَاءَ مُطْلَقًا لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ غَضَبًا وَلَا رِضًا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ