91. Sūrat ash-Shams

٩١۔ سُورَةُ الشــَّمْس

Qurʾān > Chapter 91
القرآن > كتاب ٩١

The Sun (Meccan)

quran:91:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

By the sun and its brightness  

By the sun and her morning light,
القرآن:٩١:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا  

{والشمس وضحاها} ضوؤها.
quran:91:2 –

And ˹by˺ the moon when it follows it  

and ˹by˺ the moon when it follows her, rising after she has set,
القرآن:٩١:٢ –

وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا  

{والقمر إذا تلاها} تبعها طالعا عند غروبها.
quran:91:3 –

And ˹by˺ the day when it displays it  

and ˹by˺ the day when it reveals her, as it rises ˹high˺,
القرآن:٩١:٣ –

وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا  

{والنهار إذا جلاها} بارتفاعه.
quran:91:4 –

And ˹by˺ the night when it covers it  

and ˹by˺ the night when it enshrouds her, covering her up with its darkness (idhā, ‘when’, in all three instances is an absolute adverbial, operated by the verbal action of the oath).
القرآن:٩١:٤ –

وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا  

{والليل إذا يغشاها} يغطيها بظلمته وإذا في الثلاثة لمجرد الظرفية والعامل فيها فعل القسم.
quran:91:5 –

And ˹by˺ the sky and He who constructed it  

By the heaven and the One Who built it,
القرآن:٩١:٥ –

وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا  

{والسماء وما بناها}.
quran:91:6 –

And ˹by˺ the earth and He who spread it  

and ˹by˺ the earth and the One Who spread it, laid out flat.
القرآن:٩١:٦ –

وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا  

{والأرض وما طحاها} بسطها.
quran:91:7 –

And ˹by˺ the soul and He who proportioned it  

and ˹by˺ the soul, that is to say, ˹by˺ all souls, and the One Who proportioned it, in its created form (mā in all three instances relates to the verbal action, or functions as man, ‘the one who’),
القرآن:٩١:٧ –

وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا  

{ونفس} بمعنى نفوس {وما سوَّاها} في الخلقة وما في الثلاثة مصدرية أو بمعنى من.
quran:91:8 –

And inspired it ˹with discernment of˺ its wickedness and its righteousness,  

and inspired to discern its vices and piety, He pointed out to it the path of good and that of evil (the placing of taqwā, ‘piety’, second takes into account the ˹rhyme˺ endings of the verses; the response to the oath is ˹the following:˺)
القرآن:٩١:٨ –

فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا  

{فألهمها فجورها وتقواها} بيَّن لها طريق الخير والشر وأخر التقوى رعاية لرؤوس الآي وجواب القسم:
quran:91:9 –

He has succeeded who purifies it,  

Successful indeed (qad: the lām ˹of laqad, ‘indeed’˺ has been omitted from it for the sake of brevity) will be the one who purifies it, purges it of sins,
القرآن:٩١:٩ –

قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا  

{قد أفلح} حذفت منه اللام لطول الكلام {مَنْ زكَّاها} طهرها من الذنوب.
quran:91:10 –

And he has failed who instills it ˹with corruption˺.  

and he will indeed have failed he who eclipses it, he who obscures it with ˹acts of˺ disobedience (dassāhā is actually dassasahā, but the second sīn has been replaced with an alif for ˹phonetic˺ ease).
القرآن:٩١:١٠ –

وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا  

{وقد خاب} خسر {مَنْ دسَّاها} أخفاها بالمعصية وأصله دسها أبدلت السين الثانية ألفا تخفيفا.
quran:91:11 –

Thamud denied ˹their prophet˺ by reason of their transgression,  

Thamūd denied, their messenger Sālih, because of their rebellious nature,
القرآن:٩١:١١ –

كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا  

{كذَّبت ثمود} رسولها صالحا {بطغواها} بسبب طغيانها.
quran:91:12 –

When the most wretched of them was sent forth.  

when the most wretched of them, whose name was Qudār, was dispatched, ˹when˺ he hastened, in order to hamstring the she-camel with their approval.
القرآن:٩١:١٢ –

إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا  

{إذ انبعث} أسرع {أشقاها} واسمه قدار إلى عقر الناقة برضاهم.
quran:91:13 –

And the messenger of Allah ˹Salih˺ said to them, "˹Do not harm˺ the she-camel of Allah or ˹prevent her from˺ her drink."  

But then the messenger of God, Sālih, said to them, ‘˹This is˺ the she-camel of God, so let her have her drink!’, her drink on her day — one day was hers, the next theirs.
القرآن:٩١:١٣ –

فَقَالَلَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا  

{فقال لهم رسول الله} صالح {ناقة الله} أي ذروها {وسقياها} شربها في يومها وكان لها يوم ولهم يوم.
quran:91:14 –

But they denied him and hamstrung her. So their Lord brought down upon them destruction for their sin and made it equal ˹upon all of them˺.  

But they denied him, with regard to his saying this ˹as being a command˺ from God — which if they contravened would immediately result in chastisement being sent down on them — then hamstrung her, they slew it in order to appropriate her ˹share of the˺ drinking water. So their Lord closed in on them, the chastisement, because of their sin, and meted it equally ˹among them˺, that is, the closing in on them, in other words, He subsumed them all by it, so that not one of them escaped.
القرآن:٩١:١٤ –

فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا  

{فكذبوه} في قوله ذلك عن الله المرتب عليه نزول العذاب بهم إن خالفوه {فعقروها} قتلوها ليسلم لهم ماء شربها {فدمدم} أطبق {عليهم ربهم} العذاب {بذنبهم فسواها} أي الدمدمة عليهم، أي عمهم بها فلم يفلت منهم أحد.
quran:91:15 –

And He does not fear the consequence thereof.  

And He does not (read wa-lā, or fa-lā) fear the consequence of it. Meccan, consisting of 21 verses.
القرآن:٩١:١٥ –

وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا  

{ولا} بالواو والفاء {يخاف عقباها} تبعتها.