46. Sūrat al-Aḥqāf

٤٦۔ سُورَةُ الأحقاف

Qurʾān > Chapter 46 > Section 4
القرآن > كتاب ٤٦ > باب ٤

46.4 Those who treat their parents with kindness shall be rewarded and those who rebuke their parents shall be punished.

٤٦۔٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأحقاف

quran:46:15 –

And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship, and his gestation and weaning ˹period˺ is thirty months. ˹He grows˺ until, when he reaches maturity and reaches ˹the age of˺ forty years, he says, "My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to work righteousness of which You will approve and make righteous for me my offspring. Indeed, I have repented to You, and indeed, I am of the Muslims."  

And We have enjoined man to be kind (husnan: a variant reading has ihsānan), that is to say, We have commanded him to act kindly towards both of them (thus ihsānan is in the accusative as a verbal noun, because of the implied verbal action; the same applies to husnan) to his parents. His mother carries him in travail, and gives birth to him in travail, that is to say, with suffering; and his gestation and his weaning, from suckling, take thirty months, six months being the minimum period for gestation, the remainder being the maximum period of suckling; it is also said that, regardless of whether she bore him for six or nine months, she should suckle him for the remainder. So that (hattā is a ˹particle of˺ purpose for an implied sentence, that is to say, wa-‘āsha hattā, ‘and he lived on so that …’) when he is mature, namely, at his prime in terms of his strength, intellect and reasoning, the minimum ˹age˺ for which is thirty or thirty three years, and reaches forty years, that is, exactly ˹forty years˺, which is the maximum for ˹attaining˺ maturity, he says, ‘My Lord!, ˹this˺ to the end ˹of this verse˺ was revealed regarding Abū Bakr al-Siddīq, when he had reached forty years of age, two years after the ˹beginning of the˺ Prophet’s Mission (s). He ˹Abū Bakr˺ believed in him, whereafter his parents believed ˹in the Prophet˺, followed by his son ‘Abd al-Rahmān, then ‘Abd al-Rahmān’s son Abū ‘Atīq ˹Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Rahmān˺. Inspire me to give thanks for Your favour with which You have favoured me and my parents, namely, ˹the grace of˺ affirming ˹God’s˺ Oneness, and that I may act righteously in a way that will please You, thus he ˹Abū Bakr˺ emancipated nine believers who had been enduring torture ˹at the hands of the idolaters˺ for ˹their belief in˺ God, and invest my seed with righteousness, all of them were believers. Indeed I repent to You and I am truly of those who submit ˹to You˺’.
القرآن:٤٦:١٥ –

وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا ۖ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا ۖ وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا ۚ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ إِنِّي تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ  

{ووصَّينا الإنسان بوالديه حُسنا} وفي قراءة إحسانا، أي أمرناه أن يحسن إليهما فنصب إحسانا على المصدر بفعله المقدر ومثله حسنا {حملته أمه كرها ووضعته كرها} أي على مشقة {وحمله وفصاله} من الرضاع {ثلاثون شهرا} ستة أشهر أقل مدة الحمل والباقي أكثر مدة الرضاع، وقيل إن حملت به ستة أو تسعة أرضعته الباقي {حتى} غاية لجملة مقدرة، أي وعاش حتى {إذا بلغ أشده} هو كمال قوته وعقله ورأيه أقله ثلاث وثلاثون سنة أو ثلاثون {وبلغ أربعين سنة} أي تمامها وهو أكثر الأشد {قال رب} إلخ، نزل في أبي بكر الصديق لما بلغ أربعين سنة بعد سنتين من مبعث النبي ﷺ آمن به ثم آمن أبواه ثم ابنه عبد الرحمن وابن عبد الرحمن أبو عتيق {أوزعني} ألهمني {أن أشكر نعمتك التي أنعمت} بها {عليَّ وعلى والديَّ} وهي التوحيد {وأن أعمل صالحا ترضاه} فأعتق تسعة من المؤمنين يعذبون في الله {وأصلح لي في ذريتي} فكلهم مؤمنون {إني تبت إليك وإني من المسلمين}.
quran:46:16 –

Those are the ones from whom We will accept the best of what they did and overlook their misdeeds, ˹their being˺ among the companions of Paradise. ˹That is˺ the promise of truth which they had been promised.  

Those, that is, those who say such words, Abū Bakr and others, are they from whom We accept the best of what they do, and overlook their misdeeds, ˹as they stand˺ among the inhabitants of Paradise (fī ashābi’lljannati, a circumstantial qualifier, in other words, ‘being among them’) — ˹this is˺ the true promise which they were promised, by His words, God has promised the believers, both men and women, Gardens … ˹Q. 9:72˺.
القرآن:٤٦:١٦ –

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنْهُمْ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا وَنَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ  

(أولئك) أي قائلوا هذا القول أبو بكر وغيره (الذين نتقبل عنهم أحسن) بمعنى حسن (ما عملوا ونتجاوز عن سيئاتهم في أصحاب الجنة) حال، أي كائنين في جملتهم (وعد الصدق الذي كانوا يوعدون) في قوله تعالى "" وعد الله المؤمنين والمؤمنات جنات "".
quran:46:17 –

But one who says to his parents, "Uff to you; do you promise me that I will be brought forth ˹from the earth˺ when generations before me have already passed on ˹into oblivion˺?" while they call to Allah for help ˹and to their son˺, "Woe to you! Believe! Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth." But he says, "This is not but legends of the former people" -  

As for him who says to his parents (li-wālidayhi: a variant reading has li-wālidihi, ‘his parent’, denoting the generic noun): ‘Fie (read uffin or uffan, as a verbal noun, meaning: ‘˹something˺ putrid and disgusting’) on you both: I am exasperated at both of you. Do you threaten me (a-ta‘idāninī: a variant reading has ata‘idānnī) that I shall be raised, from the grave, when already generations, communities, have passed away before me?’, and they have not been raised from their graves. And they call on God for succour, that he ˹their child˺ repent, saying ˹to him˺: if you do not repent, ‘Woe to you (waylaka, that is to say, halākaka, ‘you are ruined!’). Believe!, in resurrection. Surely God’s promise is true’. But he says, ‘This, belief in resurrection, is nothing but the fables of the ancients’, lies of theirs.
القرآن:٤٦:١٧ –

وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَكُمَا أَتَعِدَانِنِي أَنْ أُخْرَجَ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِنْ قَبْلِي وَهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ اللَّهَ وَيْلَكَ آمِنْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ فَيَقُولُ مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{والذي قال لوالديه} وفي قراءة بالإدغام أريد به الجنس {أفَِ} بكسر الفاء وفتحها بمعنى مصدر، أي نتنا وقبحا {لكما} أتضجر منكما {أتعدانني} وفي قراءة بالإدغام {أن أخرج} من القبر {وقد خلت القرون} الأمم {من قبلي} ولم تخرج من القبور {وهما يستغيثان الله} يسألانه الغوث برجوعه ويقولان إن لم ترجع {ويلك} أي هلاكك بمعنى هلكت {آمن} بالبعث {إن وعد الله حق فيقول ما هذا} أي القول بالبعث {إلا أساطير الأولين} أكاذيبهم.
quran:46:18 –

Those are the ones upon whom the word has come into effect, ˹who will be˺ among nations which had passed on before them of jinn and men. Indeed, they ˹all˺ were losers.  

Such are the ones against whom the Word, of chastisement, is due, is necessary, concerning communities of jinn and humans that have passed away before them. Truly they are losers.
القرآن:٤٦:١٨ –

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ  

{أولئك الذين حق} وجب {عليهم القول} بالعذاب {في أمم قد خلت من قبلهم من الجن والإنس إنهم كانوا خاسرين}.
quran:46:19 –

And for all there are degrees ˹of reward and punishment˺ for what they have done, and ˹it is˺ so that He may fully compensate them for their deeds, and they will not be wronged.  

And for each one, of both categories, believer and disbeliever, there will be degrees ˹of status˺ , thus the degrees of the believers in Paradise are high, while the degrees of disbelievers in the Fire are despicable, according to what they have done, that is to say, ˹according to what˺ believers ˹have done˺ in the way of acts of obedience, and disbelievers, in the way of acts of disobedience, and that He may recompense them fully, namely, God (li-yuwaffiyahum: a variant reading has li-nuwaffiyahum, ‘that We may recompense them fully’) for their deeds, that is, ˹pay them˺ their deserts, and they will not be wronged, ˹not even˺ in a single thing that may be diminished for believers or increased for disbelievers.
القرآن:٤٦:١٩ –

وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِمَّا عَمِلُوا ۖ وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ  

{ولكل} من جنس المؤمن والكافر {درجات} فدرجات المؤمنين في الجنة عالية ودرجات الكافرين في النار سافلة {مما عملوا} أي المؤمنون من الطاعات والكافرون من المعاصي {وليوفيهم} أي الله، وفي قراءة بالنون {أعمالهم} أي جزاءها {وهم لا يظلمون} شيئا ينقص للمؤمنين ويزاد للكفار.
quran:46:20 –

And the Day those who disbelieved are exposed to the Fire ˹it will be said˺, "You exhausted your pleasures during your worldly life and enjoyed them, so this Day you will be awarded the punishment of ˹extreme˺ humiliation because you were arrogant upon the earth without right and because you were defiantly disobedient."  

And on the day when those who disbelieve are exposed to the Fire, by its being revealed for them, it will be said to them: ‘You squandered (read with one hamza, adhhabtum, or with two hamzas ˹as an interrogative˺, a-adhhabtum, ‘have you sqaundered …?’; or with one hamza, adhhabtum, or with an initial long ‘a’, ādhhabtum, with both of these ˹pronounced fully˺ or without pronouncing the second ˹hamza˺) your good things during your life of the world, by preoccupying yourselves with sensual delights, and enjoyed them. So today you will be requited with the chastisement of humiliation in return for acting arrogantly in the earth without right and in return for that regarding which you used to act immorally’, and ˹for˺ the torture you used to inflict ˹upon others˺ therein.
القرآن:٤٦:٢٠ –

وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ  

{ويوم يُعرض الذي كفروا على النار} بأن تكشف لهم يقال لهم {أذهبتم} بهمزة وبهمزتين وبهمزة ومدة وبهما وتسهيل الثانية {طيباتكم} باشتغالكم بلذاتكم {في حياتكم الدنيا واستمتعتم} تمتعتم {بها فاليوم تجزون عذاب الهُون} أي الهوان {بما كنتم تستكبرون} تتكبرون {في الأرض بغير الحق وبما كنتم تفسقون} به وتعذبون بها.