"The lawful is clear and the unlawful is clear, and between that are matters that are doubtful (not clear); many of the people do not know whether it is lawful or unlawful. So whoever leaves it to protect his religion and his honor, then he will be safe, and whoever falls into something from them, then he soon will have fallen into the unlawful. Just like if someone grazes (his animals) around a sanctuary, he would soon wind up in it. Indeed for every king is a sanctuary (pasture), and indeed Allah's sanctuary is what He made unlawful."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهُ ﷺ يَقُولُ الْحَلاَلُ بَيِّنٌ وَالْحَرَامُ بَيِّنٌ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ أُمُورٌ مُشْتَبِهَاتٌ لاَ يَدْرِي كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَمِنَ الْحَلاَلِ هِيَ أَمْ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ فَمَنْ تَرَكَهَا اسْتِبْرَاءً لِدِينِهِ وَعِرْضِهِ فَقَدْ سَلِمَ وَمَنْ وَاقَعَ شَيْئًا مِنْهَا يُوشِكُ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ الْحَرَامَ كَمَا أَنَّهُ مَنْ يَرْعَى حَوْلَ الْحِمَى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهُ أَلاَ وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ مَلِكٍ حِمًى أَلاَ وَإِنَّ حِمَى اللَّهِ مَحَارِمُهُ  

This Hadith is Hasan Sahih, it has been reported by more than one from Ash-Sha'bi, from An-Nu'man bin Bashir.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed the one who consumed Riba, and the one who charged it, those who witnessed it, and the one who recorded it." He said: There are narrations on this topic from 'Umar, 'Ali, Jabir [and Abu Juhaifah]. The Hadith of 'Abdullah (bin Mas'ud) is a Hasan Sahih Hadith.  

لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلَهُ وَشَاهِدَيْهِ وَكَاتِبَهُ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ وَجَابِرٍ وَأَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ  

"Associating partners with Allah, disobeying parents, killing oneself, and false speech." He said: There are narrations on this topic from Abu Bakrah, Ayman bin Khuraim, and Ibn 'Umar Abu 'Eisa said: The Hadith of Anas is a Hasan Sahih Gharib Hadith.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْكَبَائِرِ قَالَ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ وَأَيْمَنَ بْنِ خُرَيْمٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ  

"The Messenger of Allah (S) came to us, and we were what was called 'brokers,' he said: 'O people of trade! Indeed the Shaitan and sin are present in the sale, so mix your sales with charity.'" He said: There are narrations on this topic from Al-Bara' bin 'Azib and Rifa'ah.  

خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ نُسَمَّى السَّمَاسِرَةَ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ وَالإِثْمَ يَحْضُرَانِ الْبَيْعَ فَشُوبُوا بَيْعَكُمْ بِالصَّدَقَةِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ وَرِفَاعَةَ  

] This Hadith is Sahih.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ  

"The truthful, trustworthy merchant is with the Prophets, the truthful, and the martyrs."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ التَّاجِرُ الصَّدُوقُ الأَمِينُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ  

(Another chain) from Abu Hamzah, with this chain of narration, and it is similar.  

عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ  

From his father, from his grandfather, that he went with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to the Musalla, and he saw the people doing business so he said: 'O people of trade!' and they replied to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turning their necks and their gazes towards him, and he said: Indeed the merchants will be resurrected on the Day of judgement with the wicked, except the one who has Taqwa of Allah, who behaves charitably and is truthful.'"  

أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى فَرَأَى النَّاسَ يَتَبَايَعُونَ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ فَاسْتَجَابُوا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَفَعُوا أَعْنَاقَهُمْ وَأَبْصَارَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ التُّجَّارَ يُبْعَثُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فُجَّارًا إِلاَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى اللَّهَ وَبَرَّ وَصَدَقَ  

That the Prophet ﷺ said: "There are three whom Allah will not look at on the Day of Judgement, nor will He purify them, and theirs is a painful punishment." We said: "Who are they O Messenger of Allah ? For they have indeed failed and are lost!" He sai: "The Mannan, the one whose Izar hangs (below the ankels) and the one who promotes his merchandise with false oath." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Ibn Mas'ud, Abu Hurairah, Abu Umamah bin Tha'labah, 'Imran bin Husain, and Ma'qil bin Yasar  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ثَلاَثَةٌ لاَ يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلاَ يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ قُلْتُ مَنْ هُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ خَابُوا وَخَسِرُوا فَقَالَ الْمَنَّانُ وَالْمُسْبِلُ إِزَارَهُ وَالْمُنْفِقُ سِلْعَتَهُ بِالْحَلِفِ الْكَاذِبِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ وَمَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ  

From Shakr Al-Ghamidi that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Allah bless my Ummah in what they do early (in the day)." He said: "Whenever he ﷺ would dispatch a military expedition or an army, he would send them in the first part of the day." And Sakhr, a man who was a merchant, used to send his goods for trade during the beginning of the day, so he became rich, and his wealth increased. [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Ali, Buraidah, Ibn Mas'ud, Anas, Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, and Jabir.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لأُمَّتِي فِي بُكُورِهَا قَالَ وَكَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً أَوْ جَيْشًا بَعَثَهُمْ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ وَكَانَ صَخْرٌ رَجُلاً تَاجِرًا وَكَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ تِجَارَةً بَعَثَهُمْ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ فَأَثْرَى وَكَثُرَ مَالُهُ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَبُرَيْدَةَ وَأَنَسٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَابِرٍ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was wearing two thick Qitri garments on. When he would sit, he would sweat since they were so heavy for him. Some clothes arrived from Ash-Sham for so-and-so, the Jew. I said: 'Perhaps you could dispatch a request to him to buy some garments (on credit) from him until it is easy (to pay). So he sent a message to him and he said: 'I know what he wants. He only wants to take away my wealth' or 'my Dirham.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'He has lied, indeed he knows that I am the one with the most Taqwa among them, and the best at fulfilling trusts among them.'" [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas, Anas, and Asma' bint Yazid.  

كَانَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَوْبَانِ قِطْرِيَّانِ غَلِيظَانِ فَكَانَ إِذَا قَعَدَ فَعَرِقَ ثَقُلاَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَدِمَ بَزٌّ مِنَ الشَّامِ لِفُلاَنٍ الْيَهُودِيِّ فَقُلْتُ لَوْ بَعَثْتَ إِلَيْهِ فَاشْتَرَيْتَ مِنْهُ ثَوْبَيْنِ إِلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ مَا يُرِيدُ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ بِمَالِي أَوْ بِدَرَاهِمِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَذَبَ قَدْ عَلِمَ أَنِّي مِنْ أَتْقَاهُمْ لِلَّهِ وَآدَاهُمْ لِلأَمَانَةِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَنَسٍ وَأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ  

"The Prophet ﷺ died while his armour was pawned for twenty Sa' of food that he got for his family."  

تُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَدِرْعُهُ مَرْهُونَةٌ بِعِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَخَذَهُ لأَهْلِهِ  

I walked to the Prophet ﷺ with some barley bread that has some rancid oil poured over it. The Prophet ﷺ had pawned his armour with a Jew for twenty Sa' of food that he got for his family. That day (he pawned it), I heard him saying: 'Not for one evening has the household of Muhammad had a Sa' of dates or a Sa' of grain.' And on that day he had nine wives."  

مَشَيْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِخُبْزِ شَعِيرٍ وَإِهَالَةٍ سَنِخَةٍ وَلَقَدْ رُهِنَ لَهُ دِرْعٌ عِنْدَ يَهُودِيٍّ بِعِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَخَذَهُ لأَهْلِهِ وَلَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ يَقُولُ مَا أَمْسَى فِي آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ صَاعُ تَمْرٍ وَلاَ صَاعُ حَبٍّ وَإِنَّ عِنْدَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَتِسْعُ نِسْوَةٍ  

"Abdul Majid bin Wahb narrated to us, he said: 'Al-'Adda' bin Khalid bin Hawdhah said to me: "Shall I not read to you a letter that was written for me from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ?'" He said: 'I said: "Of course." So he took out a letter for me: "This is what Al-'Adda' bin Khalid bin Hawdhah purchased from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: He purchased from him a slave' - or - 'a female slave, having no ailments, nor being a runaway, nor having any malicious behavior. Sold by a Muslim to a Muslim.'"  

لِي الْعَدَّاءُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ هَوْذَةَ أَلاَ أُقْرِئُكَ كِتَابًا كَتَبَهُ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى فَأَخْرَجَ لِي كِتَابًا هَذَا مَا اشْتَرَى الْعَدَّاءُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ هَوْذَةَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ عَبْدًا أَوْ أَمَةً لاَ دَاءَ وَلاَ غَائِلَةَ وَلاَ خِبْثَةَ بَيْعَ الْمُسْلِمِ الْمُسْلِمَ  

That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the people of weights and measures: "Indeed you have been entrusted with two matters that nations preceding you in the past were destroyed for."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لأَصْحَابِ الْمِكْيَالِ وَالْمِيزَانِ إِنَّكُمْ قَدْ وُلِّيتُمْ أَمْرَيْنِ هَلَكَتْ فِيهِ الأُمَمُ السَّالِفَةُ قَبْلَكُمْ  

That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sold a saddle blanket and a drinking bowl. He ﷺ said: "Who will buy saddle blanket and drinking bowl ?". So a man said: "I will take them for a Dirham." So the Prophet ﷺ said: "Who will give more than a Dirham ? Who will give more that a Dirham ?" A man agreed to give him two Dirham, so he sold them to him.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَاعَ حِلْسًا وَقَدَحًا وَقَالَ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي هَذَا الْحِلْسَ وَالْقَدَحَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَخَذْتُهُمَا بِدِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ فَأَعْطَاهُ رَجُلٌ دِرْهَمَيْنِ فَبَاعَهُمَا مِنْهُ  

"A man among the Ansar decided to free a slave of his after his death. He died but he left no wealth behind beside the slave. So the Prophet ﷺ sold him and Nu'aim [bin 'Abdullah] bin An-Nah-ham bought him." Jabir said: "He was Coptic slave who died during the first year of the leadership of Ibn Az-Zubair."  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ دَبَّرَ غُلاَمًا لَهُ فَمَاتَ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ مَالاً غَيْرَهُ فَبَاعَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَاشْتَرَاهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ النَّحَّامِ قَالَ جَابِرٌ عَبْدًا قِبْطِيًّا مَاتَ عَامَ الأَوَّلِ فِي إِمَارَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ  

From the Prophet ﷺ: "He prohibited meeting the owners of the goods." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Ali, Ibn 'Abbas, Abu Hurairah, Abu Sa'eed, Ibn 'Umar, and a man from the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ تَلَقِّي الْبُيُوعِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

"The Prophet ﷺ prohibited meeting the goods being brought (to the market). If someone were to meet them and buy them, then the owner of the goods retains the option when he reaches the market."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُتَلَقَّى الْجَلَبُ فَإِنْ تَلَقَّاهُ إِنْسَانٌ فَابْتَاعَهُ فَصَاحِبُ السِّلْعَةِ فِيهَا بِالْخِيَارِ إِذَا وَرَدَ السُّوقَ  

That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The dweller of the town is not to sell for the Bedouin." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Talhah, Jabir, Anas, Ibn 'Abbas, Hakim bin Abi Yazid from his father, 'Amr bin 'Awf Al-Muzani the grandfather of Kathir bin 'Abdullah, and a man from the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ قُتَيْبَةُ يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ وَجَابِرٍ وَأَنَسٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَحَكِيمِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ جَدِّ كَثِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The dweller of the town is not to sell for the Bedouin, leave the people ; Allah provides for some of them through others."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ دَعُوا النَّاسَ يَرْزُقُ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited Muhaqalah and Muzabanah. [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, Zaid bin Thabit, Sa'd, Jabir, Rafi' bin Khadij, and Abu Sa'eed.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَسَعْدٍ وَجَابِرٍ وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ  

"Zaid, Abu Ayyash asked Sa'd regarding white wheat in exchange for barley: which of them was better ? He said the white, then he forbade that. Sa'd said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ being asked about selling dried dates for ripe dates and he said to those present: "Will the fresh dates shrink when they are dry ?" They said yes, so he forbade that.'"  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ اشْتِرَاءِ التَّمْرِ بِالرُّطَبِ فَقَالَ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ أَيَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إِذَا يَبِسَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ  

] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih, and this is acted upon according to the people of knowledge. It is the view of Ash-Shafi'i and our companions.  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited selling date-palms until they have blossomed."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ النَّخْلِ حَتَّى يَزْهُوَ  

"The Prophet ﷺ prohibited selling ears (of grain) until they have whitened (shown their kernals) and are safe from blight, he forbade it for the seller and the buyer." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Anas, Ibn 'Abbas, Jabir, Abu Sa'eed, and Zaid bin Thabit.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ السُّنْبُلِ حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ وَيَأْمَنَ الْعَاهَةَ نَهَى الْبَائِعَ وَالْمُشْتَرِيَ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ وَعَائِشَةَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَابِرٍ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited selling grapes until they appear and selling grains until they become firm."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْعِنَبِ حَتَّى يَسْوَدَّ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَبِّ حَتَّى يَشْتَدَّ  

"The Prophet ﷺ prohibited the sale of Habalil-Habalah." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas and Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited the Gharar sale, and the Hasah sale." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, Abu Sa'eed, and Anas.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ وَبَيْعِ الْحَصَاةِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَنَسٍ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited two sales in one." There are narrations on this topic from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr, Ibn 'Umar, and Ibn Mas'ud. [Abu Eisa said:] The Hadith of Abu Hurairah is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge. Some of the people of knowledge have explained it by saying that two sales in one is when one says: "I will sell you this garment for ten in cash, and twenty on credit." He does not distinguish between either of the two sales. But when he distinguishes it as being one of them, then there is no harm when one of them is agreed upon. Ash-Shafi'i said: "Included in the meaning of what the Prophet ﷺ prohibited of regarding two sales in one, is if one said: 'I will sell you the house of mine for that (price), upon the condition that you sell me you alve for this (price). When I get the slave, then you get the house.' In this way the sales are distinguished without the prices being known, and neither of them knows what will happen at the conclusion of it (the agreement)."  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ  

"I asked Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I said: 'A man came to me asking to buy something that I did not have. Can I buy it from the market for him and then give it to him?' He said: 'Do not sell what is not with you.'" He said: There are narrations on this topic from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar.  

أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَأْتِينِي الرَّجُلُ يَسْأَلُنِي مِنَ الْبَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي أَبْتَاعُ لَهُ مِنَ السُّوقِ ثُمَّ أَبِيعُهُ قَالَ لاَ تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited me from selling what was not with me."  

نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَبِيعَ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي  

'Amr bin Shu'aib narrated to us, saying: My father narrated to me from his father' until he mentioned 'Abdullah bin 'Amr: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'It is not lawful to lend and sell, nor two conditions in a sale, nor to profit from what is not possessed, nor to sell what one does not have.'"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَحِلُّ سَلَفٌ وَبَيْعٌ وَلاَ شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ وَلاَ رِبْحُ مَا لَمْ يُضْمَنْ وَلاَ بَيْعُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited me from selling what was not with me."  

نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَبِيعَ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited selling the Wala' and conferring it."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلاَءِ وَهِبَتِهِ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited bartering animals on credit." He said: There are narration on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas, Jabir, Ibn 'Umar.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ نَسِيئَةً قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَابِرٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ  

That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Animals [two for one] are not proper on credit, and there is no harm in a hand to hand (exchange)." The Hadith is Hasan Sahih.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحَيَوَانُ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ لاَ يَصْلُحُ نَسِيئًا وَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ  

"A slave came to give the pledge to the Prophet ﷺ for Hijrah, but the Prophet ﷺ did not realize that he was a slave. So his master came to get him and the Prophet ﷺ said: 'Sell him to me.' So he purchased him for two black slaves. Then he would not pledge from anyone until he asked him if he was a slave." [He said:] There is something on this topic from Anas.  

جَاءَ عَبْدٌ فَبَايَعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ وَلاَ يَشْعُرُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ فَجَاءَ سَيِّدُهُ يُرِيدُهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعْنِيهِ فَاشْتَرَاهُ بِعَبْدَيْنِ أَسْوَدَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُبَايِعْ أَحَدًا بَعْدُ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ أَعَبْدٌ هُوَ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ  

That the Prophet ﷺ said: "Gold for gold, kind for kind; silver for silver, kind for kind; dried-dates for dried-dates, kind for kind; wheat for wheat, kind for kind; salt for salt, kind for kind; and barley for barley, kind for kind. Whoever increases or seeks an increase, then he dealt with Riba. Sell gold for silver as you wish, hand to hand; and sell wheat for dried-dates as you wish, hand to hand; and sell barley for dried-dates as you wish, hand to hand." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Abu Sa'eed, Abu Hurairah, Bilal, And Anas.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى بِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالْفِضَّةِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَبِيعُوا الْبُرَّ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَبِيعُوا الشَّعِيرَ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَبِلاَلٍ وَأَنَسٍ  

"Ibn 'Umar and I went to Abu Sa'eed and he narrated to us: 'the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said - and I heard him with these [two] ears: "Do not sell gold for gold except kind for kind, nor sliver for silver except kind for kind, do not exchange more of one than the other, and do not sell what is not present from them for what is present."  

انْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَى أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فَحَدَّثَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاىَ هَاتَانِ يَقُولُ لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْفِضَّةَ بِالْفِضَّةِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ لاَ يُشَفُّ بَعْضُهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا مِنْهُ غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ  

"I would sell camels at Al-Baqi', so I would sell them for Dinar but take in place of them Dirham, and, I would sell for silver and take Dinar in its place. So I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and found him leaving the house of Hafsah. I asked him about that and he said: 'There is no harm in that when it (equals) the price.'"  

كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ الإِبِلَ بِالْبَقِيعِ فَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ فَآخُذُ مَكَانَهَا الْوَرِقَ وَأَبِيعُ بِالْوَرِقِ فَآخُذُ مَكَانَهَا الدَّنَانِيرَ فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَجَدْتُهُ خَارِجًا مِنْ بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ بِالْقِيمَةِ  

From Malik bin Aws bin Hadathan that he said: "I once said: 'Who can change some Dirham?' So Talhah bin 'Ubaidullah - and he was with 'Umar bin Al-Khattab - said: "Leave your gold with us, then return to us when our servant comes and we will give you your silver." 'Umar bin Al-Khattab said: "No! By Allah! Either give him his silver or return his gold to him. Indeed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Silver for gold is Riba, except for hand to hand; and wheat for wheat is Riba except for hand to hand; and barley for barley is Riba except hand to hand; and dried-dates for dried-dates is Riba except for hand to hand.'"  

عُمَرُ كَلاَّ وَاللَّهِ لَتُعْطِيَنَّهُ وَرِقَهُ أَوْ لَتَرُدَّنَّ إِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَهُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْوَرِقُ بِالذَّهَبِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ  

From his father that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever purchases a date-palm after it has been pollinated then its fruits are for the one who sold it, unless the buyer made it a condition. And whoever purchases slave who has property, then his property is for the one who sold him, unless the buyer made it a condition." [He said:] There is something on this topic from Jabir. The Hadith of Ibn 'Umar is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. Similarly, it has been reported by more than one route from Az-Zuhri, from Salim, from Ibn 'Umar, that the Prophet ﷺ "Whoever purchases a date-palm after it has been pollinated, then its fruits are for seller, unless the buyer made it a condition. And whoever purchases a slave who has property, then his property is for the seller, unless the buyer made it a condition." And it has been reported from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar, that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever purchases a date-palm that has been pollinated, then its fruits are for the seller, unless the buyer made it a condition." It has been reported from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar, from 'Umar, that he ﷺ said: "Whoever sold a slave who has property, his property is for the seller, unless the buyer made it a condition." This is how the two Ahadith were reported by 'Ubaidullah bin 'Umar and others from Nafi'. Some of them have also reported this Hadith from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar, from the Prophet ﷺ. 'Ikrimah bin Khalid reported similar to the Hadith of Salim, from Ibn 'Umar, from the Prophet ﷺ. This Hadith is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. It is the view of Ash-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and Ishaq. Muhammad bin Isma'il said: "The Hadith of Az-Zuhri from Salim, from his father, from the Prophet ﷺ is the most correct [of what has been reported on this topic]."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنِ ابْتَاعَ نَخْلاً بَعْدَ أَنْ تُؤَبَّرَ فَثَمَرَتُهَا لِلَّذِي بَاعَهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ وَمَنِ ابْتَاعَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ مَالٌ فَمَالُهُ لِلَّذِي بَاعَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ هَكَذَا رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنِ ابْتَاعَ نَخْلاً بَعْدَ أَنْ تُؤَبَّرَ فَثَمَرَتُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ وَمَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ مَالٌ فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنِ ابْتَاعَ نَخْلاً قَدْ أُبِّرَتْ فَثَمَرَتُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ مَالٌ فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ هَكَذَا رَوَى عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُهُمْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَيْضًا وَرَوَى عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ سَالِمٍ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدِيثُ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَصَحُّ مَا جَاءَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ  

From Ibn 'Umar, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Both the buyer and the seller retain the option as long as they have not separated or they give each other than option." He (Nafi') said: "So when Ibn 'Umar purchased something while he was sitting, he would stand to complete the sale."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا أَوْ يَخْتَارَا قَالَ فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا ابْتَاعَ بَيْعًا وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ قَامَ لِيَجِبَ لَهُ الْبَيْعُ  

That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Both the buyer and the seller retain the option as long as they have not separated. If they spoke the truth and clarified (any defects or conditions), then they would be blessed in their sale, and if they hid something and lied then their sale would be deprived of blessings." And this is a Sahih Hadith. This is how it was reported from Abu Barzah Al-Aslami, that two men came disputing to him after the sale of a horse, and they were on a ship, so he said: "I did not see the two of your separate, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The buyer and the seller retain the choice as long as they did not separate.'" Some of the people of knowledge, among the people of Al-Kufah and others, held the view that the separation refers to speech. This is the saying of [Sufyan] Ath-Thawri. This has been reported from Malik bin Anas, and it has been reported from Ibn al-Mubarak that he said: "How could this be refuted ?" And the Hadith about it from the Prophet ﷺ is Sahih, and it strenghtens this view. And the meaning of the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: "Except for the optional sale" is, that (while they are still together) the seller gives the buyer the option to cancel after the conclusion of the sale. If he chooses to agree to the sale, then he does not have the choice to cancel the sale after then, even if they did not separate. This is how Ash-Shafi'i and others explained it. And what strenghtens the view of those who said that the separation refers to them parting, (and) it does not refer to speech, is the (following) Hadith of 'Abdullah bin 'Amr from the Prophet ﷺ.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا فَإِنْ صَدَقَا وَبَيَّنَا بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فِي بَيْعِهِمَا وَإِنْ كَتَمَا وَكَذَبَا مُحِقَتْ بَرَكَةُ بَيْعِهِمَا هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ  

From his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Both the buyer and the seller retain the option as long as they did not separate, unless they agreed to making it optional. And it is not lawful for him to separate from his companion, fearing that he will change his mind."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ صَفْقَةَ خِيَارٍ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَ صَاحِبَهُ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِيلَهُ  

That the Prophet ﷺ said: "They (the two) are not separate from a sale except in agreement.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَتَفَرَّقَنَّ عَنْ بَيْعٍ إِلاَّ عَنْ تَرَاضٍ  

"The Prophet ﷺ gave a Bedouin the option after a sale." This Hadith is Hasan Gharib.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَيَّرَ أَعْرَابِيًّا بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ  

That there was a man who was not very sensible and he would make purchases. So his family came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah! Stop him (from making purchases)." So Allah's Prophet ﷺ called him to prohibit him, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah! I have no patience for business." So he said: "When you are buying, say: 'Hand to hand, and no cheating.'"  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً كَانَ فِي عُقْدَتِهِ ضَعْفٌ وَكَانَ يُبَايِعُ وَأَنَّ أَهْلَهُ أَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ احْجُرْ عَلَيْهِ فَدَعَاهُ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَهَاهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لاَ أَصْبِرُ عَنِ الْبَيْعِ فَقَالَ إِذَا بَايَعْتَ فَقُلْ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَلاَ خِلاَبَةَ