14. Commercial Transactions

١٤۔ كتاب البيوع

14.19 What Has Been Related About It Being Disliked To Sell What One Does Not Have

١٤۔١٩ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ بَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ

tirmidhi:1232Qutaybah > Hushaym > Abū Bishr > Yūsuf b. Māhak > Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām

"I asked Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I said: 'A man came to me asking to buy something that I did not have. Can I buy it from the market for him and then give it to him?' He said: 'Do not sell what is not with you.'" He said: There are narrations on this topic from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar.  

الترمذي:١٢٣٢حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ

أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَأْتِينِي الرَّجُلُ يَسْأَلُنِي مِنَ الْبَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي أَبْتَاعُ لَهُ مِنَ السُّوقِ ثُمَّ أَبِيعُهُ قَالَ لاَ تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ  

tirmidhi:1233Qutaybah > Ḥammād b. Zayd > Ayyūb > Yūsuf b. Māhak > Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited me from selling what was not with me."  

[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan. He said: There is something on this topic from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar. Ishaq bin Mansur said: "I said to Ahmad: 'What is the meaning of the prohibition from a loan along with a sale? He said: 'That he gives him a loan and then he makes a sale to him greater then it's actual worth. And, it carries the meaning of him loaning it to him in exchange for something (as collateral), so he says: 'If you are unable to pay it (the loan), the it (the collateral) will be a sale for you.' Ishaq [bin Rahuwyah] said as he said. And I said to Ahmad: 'What about selling what one does not possess?' He said: 'To me it does not apply except in cases of food - meaning one has not taken possession of it.' And Ishaq said the same for all of what is measured or weighed. Ahmad said: 'When he says: "I will sell you this garment, with the condition that I am the tailor for it, and I am the one who bleaches it.' This is an example of two conditions in one sale. But if he says: "I am selling it to you with the condition that I am its tailor," then there is no harm in it. And, if he said: "I am selling it to you with the condition that I am the one who bleaches it" then there is no harm in it, because this is only one condition.' And Ishaq said as he said."
الترمذي:١٢٣٣حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ

نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَبِيعَ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي  

قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قُلْتُ لأَحْمَدَ مَا مَعْنَى نَهَى عَنْ سَلَفٍ وَبَيْعٍ قَالَ أَنْ يَكُونَ يُقْرِضُهُ قَرْضًا ثُمَّ يُبَايِعُهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيْعًا يَزْدَادُ عَلَيْهِ وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ يُسْلِفُ إِلَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ فَيَقُولُ إِنْ لَمْ يَتَهَيَّأْ عِنْدَكَ فَهُوَ بَيْعٌ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ رَاهَوَيْهِ كَمَا قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَحْمَدَ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَمْ تَضْمَنْ قَالَ لاَ يَكُونُ عِنْدِي إِلاَّ فِي الطَّعَامِ مَا لَمْ تَقْبِضْ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ كَمَا قَالَ فِي كُلِّ مَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ إِذَا قَالَ أَبِيعُكَ هَذَا الثَّوْبَ وَعَلَىَّ خِيَاطَتُهُ وَقَصَارَتُهُ فَهَذَا مِنْ نَحْوِ شَرْطَيْنِ فِي بَيْعٍ وَإِذَا قَالَ أَبِيعُكَهُ وَعَلَىَّ خِيَاطَتُهُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ أَوْ قَالَ أَبِيعُكَهُ وَعَلَىَّ قَصَارَتُهُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرْطٌ وَاحِدٌ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ كَمَا قَالَ
tirmidhi:1234Aḥmad b. Manīʿ > Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm > Ayyūb > ʿAmr b. Shuʿayb from my father > Abīh Ḥattá Dhakar ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAmr

'Amr bin Shu'aib narrated to us, saying: My father narrated to me from his father' until he mentioned 'Abdullah bin 'Amr: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'It is not lawful to lend and sell, nor two conditions in a sale, nor to profit from what is not possessed, nor to sell what one does not have.'"  

[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. [Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Hakim bin Hizam is a Hasan Hadith, it has been reported from him through other routes. Ayyub As-Sakhtiyani and Abu Bishr report from Yusuf bin Mahak, from Hakim bin Hizam. [Abu 'Eisa said:] 'Awf and Hisham bin Hassan reported this Hadith from Ibn Sirin, from Hakim bin Hizam from the Prophet ﷺ. And this is a Mursal Hadith. Ibn Sirin only reported it from Ayyub As-Sikhtiyani from Yusuf bin Mahak, from Hakim bin Hizam like this.
الترمذي:١٢٣٤حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ حَتَّى ذَكَرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَحِلُّ سَلَفٌ وَبَيْعٌ وَلاَ شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ وَلاَ رِبْحُ مَا لَمْ يُضْمَنْ وَلاَ بَيْعُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ  

قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ رَوَى أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ وَأَبُو بِشْرٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَرَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَوْفٌ وَهِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ
tirmidhi:1235al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-Khalāal And ʿAbdah b. ʿAbdullāh al-Khuzāʿī al-Baṣrī Abū Sahl > ʿAbd al-Ṣamad b. ʿAbd al-Wārith > Yazīd b. Ibrāhīm > Ibn Sīrīn > Ayyūb > Yūsuf b. Māhak > Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām > Nahānī

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited me from selling what was not with me."  

[Abu 'Eisa said:] Waki' reported this Hadith from Yazid bin Ibrahim, from Ibn Sirin, from Ayyub, from Hakim bin Hizam, and he did not mention in it: "From Yusuf bin Mahak." And the narration of 'Abdus-Samad (a narrator in the chain of Hadith no. 1235) is more correct. Yahya bin Abi Kathir reported this Hadith from Ya'la bin Hakim, from Yusuf bin Mahak, from 'Abdullah bin 'Ismah, from Hakim bin Hizam, from the Prophet ﷺ. This Hadith is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge, they dislike for a man to sell what is not with him.
الترمذي:١٢٣٥حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَلاَّلُ وَعَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ أَبُو سَهْلٍ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ

نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَبِيعَ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي  

قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَرَوَى وَكِيعٌ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ وَرِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ أَصَحُّ وَقَدْ رَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِصْمَةَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ كَرِهُوا أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ