59. Sūrat al-Ḥashr

٥٩۔ سُورَةُ الحَشْر

59.3 The hypocrites' conspiracy with the People of the Book. Parable of a Satan vs. a defiant disbeliever.

٥٩۔٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ الحَشْر

quran:59:11

Have you not considered those who practice hypocrisy, saying to their brothers who have disbelieved among the People of the Scripture, "If you are expelled, we will surely leave with you, and we will not obey, in regard to you, anyone - ever; and if you are fought, we will surely aid you." But Allah testifies that they are liars.  

Have you not considered, ˹have you not˺ seen, the hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve from among the People of the Scripture, namely, the Banū al-Nadīr, their brethren in disbelief, ‘If (la-in: the lām is for oaths in all four instances) you are expelled, from Medina, we will assuredly go forth with you, and we will never obey anyone against you, to forsake you. And if you are fought against (wa-in qūtiltum: the prefatory lām ˹of la-in˺ has been omitted), we will certainly help you’. And God bears witness that they are truly liars.
القرآن:٥٩:١١

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا يَقُولُونَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمْ أَحَدًا أَبَدًا وَإِنْ قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنْصُرَنَّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ  

{ألم ترْ} تنظر {إلى الذين نافقوا يقولون لإخوانهم الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب} وهم بنو النضير وإخوانهم في الكفر {لئن} لام قسم في الأربعة {أخرجتم} من المدينة {لنخرجن معكم ولا نطيع فيكم} في خذلانكم {أحدا أبدا وإن قوتلتم} حذفت منه اللام الموطئة {لننصرنكم والله يشهد إنهم لكاذبون}.
quran:59:12

If they are expelled, they will not leave with them, and if they are fought, they will not aid them. And ˹even˺ if they should aid them, they will surely turn their backs; then ˹thereafter˺ they will not be aided.  

˹For˺ indeed if they are expelled, they would not go forth with them, and if they are fought against, they would not help them. And even if they were to help them, that is to say, even if they came to help them, they would surely turn their backs ˹to flee˺ (the implied response to the oath suffices in place of the response to the conditional, in all five instances) — then they, the Jews, would not be helped.
القرآن:٥٩:١٢

لَئِنْ أُخْرِجُوا لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مَعَهُمْ وَلَئِنْ قُوتِلُوا لَا يَنْصُرُونَهُمْ وَلَئِنْ نَصَرُوهُمْ لَيُوَلُّنَّ الْأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ  

{لئن أخرجوا لا يخرجون معهم ولئن قوتلوا لا ينصرونهم ولئن نصروهم} أي جاؤوا لنصرهم {ليولنَّ الأدبار} واستغني بجواب القسم المقدر عن جواب الشرط في المواضع الخمسة {ثم لا يُنصرون} أي اليهود.
quran:59:13

You ˹believers˺ are more fearful within their breasts than Allah. That is because they are a people who do not understand.  

You indeed arouse greater awe, fear, in their hearts, that is, ˹the hearts of˺ the hypocrites, than God — ˹but only˺ because He has deferred His chastisement ˹to the Hereafter˺. That is because they are a people who do not comprehend.
القرآن:٥٩:١٣

لَأَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ  

{لأنتم أشد رهبة} خوفا {في صدورهم} أي المنافقين {من الله} لتأخير عذابه {ذلك بأنهم قوم لا يفقهون}.
quran:59:14

They will not fight you all except within fortified cities or from behind walls. Their violence among themselves is severe. You think they are together, but their hearts are diverse. That is because they are a people who do not reason.  

They, that is, the Jews, will not fight against you together, ˹all˺ in a ˹single˺ body, except in fortified towns or from behind some wall (jidār: a variant reading has ˹plural˺ judur, ‘walls’), some ˹kind of protective˺ fence. Their might, their belligerence, is great among themselves. You ˹would˺ suppose them to be all together, united as a ˹single˺ body, but their hearts are disunited, scattered, contrary to supposition. That is because they are a people who have no sense;
القرآن:٥٩:١٤

لَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا فِي قُرًى مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جُدُرٍ ۚ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ ۚ تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّىٰ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ  

{لا يقاتلونكم} أي اليهود {جميعا} مجتمعين {إلا في قرى محصنة أو من وراء جدار} سور، وفي قراءة جدر {بأسهم} حربهم {بينهم شديد تحسبهم جميعا} مجتمعين {وقلوبهم شتى} متفرقة خلاف الحسبان {ذلك بأنهم قوم لا يعقلون}.
quran:59:15

˹Theirs is˺ like the example of those shortly before them: they tasted the bad consequence of their affair, and they will have a painful punishment.  

their likeness in relinquishing faith is, as the likeness of those who, recently before them, a short time before — these being the idolaters from among those ˹who fought˺ at Badr — tasted the evil consequences of their conduct, the punishment for it in this world, by being killed or otherwise. And for them there will be a painful chastisement, in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٥٩:١٥

كَمَثَلِ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَرِيبًا ۖ ذَاقُوا وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

مثلهم في ترك الإيمان {كمثل الذين من قبلهم قريبا} بزمن قريب وهم أهل بدر من المشركين {ذاقوا وبال أمرهم} عقوبته في الدنيا من القتل وغيره {ولهم عذاب أليم} مؤلم في الآخرة.
quran:59:16

˹The hypocrites are˺ like the example of Satan when he says to man, "Disbelieve." But when he disbelieves, he says, "Indeed, I am disassociated from you. Indeed, I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds."  

In addition, their likeness in heeding the ˹words of the˺ hypocrites and their forsaking of them is, like Satan when he says to man, ‘Disbelieve!’; so that when he ˹man˺ disbelieves, he says, ‘Lo! I am absolved of you. Indeed I fear God, the Lord of the Worlds’, out of mendacity and dissimulation on his part.
القرآن:٥٩:١٦

كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

مثلهم أيضا في سماعهم من المنافقين وتخلفهم عنهم {كمثل الشيطان إذ قال للإنسان اكفر فلما كفر قال إني بريء منك إني أخاف الله رب العالمين} كذبا منه ورياءً.
quran:59:17

So the outcome for both of them is that they will be in the Fire, abiding eternally therein. And that is the recompense of the wrong-doers.  

So the sequel for both will be, that is, ˹the sequel for both˺ the one who leads astray and the one led astray (a variant reading for ˹‘āqibatahumā˺ has the nominative ‘āqibatuhumā, as the subject of kāna, ‘will be’), that they are in the Fire, therein abiding. And that is the requital of the evildoers, that is, the disbelievers.
القرآن:٥٩:١٧

فَكَانَ عَاقِبَتَهُمَا أَنَّهُمَا فِي النَّارِ خَالِدَيْنِ فِيهَا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{فكان عاقبتهما} أي الغاوي والمغوي وقرئ بالرفع اسم كان {أنهما في النار خالدين فيها وذلك جزاء الظالمين} أي الكافرين.