59. Sūrat al-Ḥashr

٥٩۔ سُورَةُ الحَشْر

Qurʾān > Chapter 59 > Section 1
القرآن > كتاب ٥٩ > باب ١

59.1 Jewish tribe of Banu Nadhīr in Madina is given the order of exile for their mutiny against new Muslim state.

٥٩۔١ مقطع في سُورَةُ الحَشْر

quran:59:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.  

All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifies God, that is to say, ˹all that is in them˺ exalts Him as being transcendent (the lām ˹of li’Llāhi, ‘God’˺ is extra; the use of mā ˹instead of the personal min˺ is meant to indicate a predominance ˹of non-rational beings in the heavens and the earth˺). And He is the Mighty, the Wise, in His kingdom and ˹in˺ His actions ˹respectively˺.
القرآن:٥٩:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ  

{سبح لله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض} أي ننزهه فاللام مزيدة وفي الإتيان بما تغليب للأكثر {وهو العزيز الحكيم} في ملكه وصنعه.
quran:59:2 –

It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah; but ˹the decree of˺ Allah came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts ˹so˺ they destroyed their houses by their ˹own˺ hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.  

It is He Who expelled those who disbelieved of the People of the Scripture, namely, the Jews of the Banū alNadīr, from their homelands, ˹from˺ their dwellings at Medina, at the first exile, that is, their exile to Syria, the last ˹exile˺ being their banishment to Khaybar by ‘Umar during his caliphate. You did not think, O believers, that they would go forth, and they thought that they would be protected (māni‘atuhum is the predicate of an, ‘that’) by their fortresses (husūnuhum, the agent of the verb ˹māni‘atuhum˺, with which the predication is completed) from God, from His chastisement. But God, His command and His chastisement, came at them from whence they had not reckoned, ˹from whence˺ had never occurred to them, from the part of the believers, and He cast terror (ru‘b or ru‘ub) into their hearts, by having their chief Ka‘b b. alAshraf slain, destroying ˹as they did˺ (read yukharribūna; or yukhribūna, ˹derived˺ from ˹4th form˺ akhraba) their houses, in order to take away with them what they valued of wood and so on, with their own hands and the hands of the believers. So take heed, O you who have eyes!
القرآن:٥٩:٢ –

هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا ۖ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ  

{هو الذي أخرج الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب} هم بنو النضير من اليهود {من ديارهم} مساكنهم بالمدينة {لأول الحشر} هو حشرهم إلى الشام وآخره أن أجلاهم عمر في خلافته إلى خيبر {ما ظننتم} أيها المؤمنون {أن يخرجوا وظنوا أنهم مانعتهم} خبر أن {حصونهم} فاعله تم به الخبر {من الله} من عذابه {فأتاهم الله} أمره وعذابه {من حيث لم يحتسبوا} لم يخطر ببالهم من جهة المؤمنين {وقذف} ألقى {في قلوبهم الرعب} بسكون العين وضمها، الخوف بقتل سيدهم كعب بن الأشرف {يخرِّبون} بالتشديد والتخفيف من أخرب {بيوتهم} لينقلوا ما أستحسنوه منها من خشب وغيره {بأيديهم وأيدي المؤمنين فاعتبروا يا أولي الأبصار}.
quran:59:3 –

And if not that Allah had decreed for them evacuation, He would have punished them in ˹this˺ world, and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the Fire.  

And had God not prescribed, ˹had He not˺ decreed, banishment for them, departure from their homeland, He would have chastised them in this world, by having them killed or taken captive, as He did with the Jews of ˹Banū˺ Qurayza, and in the Hereafter there is for them the chastisement of the Fire.
القرآن:٥٩:٣ –

وَلَوْلَا أَنْ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلَاءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ  

{ولولا أن كتب الله} قضى {عليهم الجلاء} الخروج من الوطن {لعذبهم في الدنيا} بالقتل والسبي كما فعل بقريظة من اليهود {ولهم في الآخرة عذاب النار}.
quran:59:4 –

That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah - then indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.  

That is because they defied, they opposed, God and His Messenger; and whoever defies God, indeed God is severe in retribution, against him.
القرآن:٥٩:٤ –

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۖ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ  

{ذلك بأنهم شاقوا} خالفوا {الله ورسوله ومن يشاق الله فإن الله شديد العقاب} له.
quran:59:5 –

Whatever you have cut down of ˹their˺ palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allah and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.  

Whatever palm-trees you cut down, O Muslims, or left standing on their roots, it was by God’s leave: He gave you the choice in this matter, and in order that, by giving ˹you˺ leave to cut them down, He might disgrace those who are immoral, the Jews, in return for their objection that the cutting down of productive trees was ˹deliberate˺ spoiling ˹of the land˺.
القرآن:٥٩:٥ –

مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ لِينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَىٰ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ  

{ما قطعتم} يا مسلمون {من لينة} نخلة {أو تركتموها قائمة على أصولها فبأذن الله} أي خيَّركم في ذلك {وليخزيَ} بالإذن في القطع {الفاسقين} اليهود في اعتراضهم أن قطع الشجر المثمر فساد.