59. Sūrat al-Ḥashr

٥٩۔ سُورَةُ الحَشْر

Qurʾān > Chapter 59 > Section 2
القرآن > كتاب ٥٩ > باب ٢

59.2 Distribution of the belongings of Banu Nadhīr. Good qualities of true Muslim immigrants to Madina and that of the Ansār (the residents of Madina). Supplication to shed resentment from hearts against all believers.

٥٩۔٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ الحَشْر

quran:59:6 –

And what Allah restored ˹of property˺ to His Messenger from them - you did not spur for it ˹in an expedition˺ any horses or camels, but Allah gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent.  

And whatever spoils God has given to His Messenger from these, you did not, O Muslims, spur for it any (min is extra) horses or camels, that is to say, you did not suffer any hardship in ˹securing˺ it, but God gives His messengers sway over whomever He will, and God has power over all things: hence you have no right to any of this ˹booty˺, rather it is exclusively for the Prophet (s) and those of the four categories mentioned with him in the next verse, ˹to be dispensed˺ in accordance with the way in which he used to divide it up, such that each would receive a fifth of the fifth and the rest being the Prophet’s (s), for him to do with as he pleases — thus he gave of it to the Emigrants and three from among the Helpers, on account of their poverty.
القرآن:٥٩:٦ –

وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ  

{وما أفاء} رد {الله على رسوله منهم فما أوجفتم} أسرعتم يا مسلمون {عليه من} زائدة {خيل ولا ركاب} إبل، أي لم تقاسوا فيه مشقة {ولكن الله يسلط رسله على من يشاء والله على كل شيءٍ قدير} فلا حق لكم فيه ويختص به النبي ﷺ ومن ذكر معه في الآية الثانية من الأصناف الأربعة على ما كان يقسمه من أن لكل منهم خمس الخمس وله ﷺ الباقي يفعل فيه ما يشاء فأعطى منه المهاجرين وثلاثة من الأنصار لفقرهم.
quran:59:7 –

And what Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for ˹his˺ near relatives and orphans and the ˹stranded˺ traveler - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.  

Whatever spoils God has given to His Messenger from the people of the towns, such as al-Safrā’, Wādī alQurā and Yanbu‘, belong to God, dispensing with it as He will, and to the Messenger and to the near of kin, the Prophet’s kin, from among the Banū Hāshim and the Banū al-Muttālib, and the orphans, the ˹orphaned˺ children of Muslims, those whose parents have died and who are impoverished, and the needy, those Muslims in need, and the traveller, the Muslim who may be cut off ˹from all resources˺ on a remote journey: in other words, they ˹these spoils˺ are the due of the Prophet (s) and ˹those of˺ the four categories, divided up in the way that he used to, where each category received a fifth of the fifth, with the rest being his ˹the Prophet’s˺, so that these, the spoils — this being the justification for the division of these ˹spoils˺ in this way, do not (kay-lā: kay functions like lā with a following implied an ˹sc. an-lā˺) become a thing circulating, handed round, between the rich among you. And whatever the Messenger gives you, of spoils or otherwise, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain ˹from it˺. And fear God. Surely God is severe in retribution.
القرآن:٥٩:٧ –

مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ  

{ما أفاء الله على رسوله من أهل القرى} كالصفراء ووادي القرى وينبع {فلله} يأمر فيه بما يشاء {وللرسول ولذي} صاحب {القربى} قرابة النبي من بني هاشم وبني المطلب {واليتامى} أطفال المسلمين الذين هلكت آباؤهم وهم فقراء {والمساكين} ذوي الحاجة من المسلمين {وابن السبيل} المنقطع في سفره من المسلمين، أي يستحقه النبي ﷺ والأصناف الأربعة على ما كان يقسمه من أن لكل من الأربعة خمس الخمس وله الباقي {كي لا} كي بمعنى اللام وأن مقدرة بعدها {يكون} الفيء علة لقسمه كذلك {دولةً} متداولا {بين الأغنياء منكم وما آتاكم} أعطاكم {الرسول} من الفيء وغيره {فخذوه وما نهاكم عنه فانتهوا واتقوا الله إن الله شديد العقاب}.
quran:59:8 –

For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allah and ˹His˺ approval and supporting Allah and His Messenger, ˹there is also a share˺. Those are the truthful.  

˹At˺ the poor Emigrants (li’l-fuqarā’i is semantically connected to an omitted ˹verb˺, that is to say, a-‘ajibū, ‘What! Do they marvel ˹at the poor Emigrants˺’) who have been driven away from their homes and their possessions that they should seek bounty from God and beatitude and help God and His Messenger? Those — they are the sincere, in their faith.
القرآن:٥٩:٨ –

لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ  

{للفقراء} متعلق بمحذوف، أي اعجبوا {المهاجرين الذين أخرجوا من ديارهم وأموالهم يبتغون فضلا من الله ورضوانا وينصرون الله ورسوله أولئك هم الصادقون} في إيمانهم.
quran:59:9 –

And ˹also for˺ those who were settled in al-Madinah and ˹adopted˺ the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what the emigrants were given but give ˹them˺ preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful.  

And those who had settled in the hometown, that is, Medina, and ˹had abided˺ in faith, that is to say, ˹those who˺ had embraced it with enthusiasm — these being the Helpers, before them, love those who have emigrated to them, and do not find in their breasts any need, any envy, of that which those ˹others˺ have been given, that is to say, of what the Prophet (s) had given the Emigrants from the ˹seized˺ possessions of the Banū al-Nadīr, ˹a share which was˺ exclusively theirs; but prefer ˹others˺ to themselves, though they be in poverty, in need of that which they prefer for ˹those˺ others ˹to have˺. And whoever is saved from the avarice of his own soul, its covetousness for ˹acquiring˺ possessions, those — they are the successful.
القرآن:٥٩:٩ –

وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَنْ يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ  

{والذين تبوؤا الدار} أي المدينة {والإيمان} أي ألفوه وهم الأنصار {من قبلهم يحبون من هاجر إليهم ولا يجدون في صدورهم حاجة} حسدا {مما أوتوا} أي آتى النبي ﷺ المهاجرين من أموال بني النضير المختصة بهم {ويؤثرون على أنفسهم ولو كان بهم خصاصة} حاجة إلى ما يؤثرون به {ومن يوق شُحَّ نفسه} حرصها على المال {فأولئك هم المفلحون}.
quran:59:10 –

And ˹there is a share for˺ those who came after them, saying, "Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts ˹any˺ resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful."  

And those who will come after them, after the Emigrants and the Helpers, up to the Day of Resurrection, say, ‘Our Lord, forgive us and our brethren who preceded us in ˹embracing˺ the faith, and do not place any rancour, any spite, in our hearts toward those who believe. Our Lord, You are indeed Kind, Merciful!’.
القرآن:٥٩:١٠ –

وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{والذين جاءُوا من بعدهم} من بعد المهاجرين والأنصار إلى يوم القيامة {يقولون ربنا اغفر لنا ولإخواننا الذين سبقونا بالإيمان ولا تجعل في قلوبنا غلا} حقدا {للذين آمنوا ربنا إنك رؤوف رحيم}.