The Prophet ﷺ concluded a contract with the people of Khaibar to utilize the land on the condition that half the products of fruits or vegetation would be their share. The Prophet ﷺ used to give his wives one hundred Wasqs each, eighty Wasqs of dates and twenty Wasqs of barley. (When ʿUmar became the Caliph) he gave the wives of the Prophet ﷺ the option of either having the land and water as their shares, or carrying on the previous practice. Some of them chose the land and some chose the Wasqs, and ʿAisha chose the land.  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَامَلَ خَيْبَرَ بِشَطْرِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ فَكَانَ يُعْطِي أَزْوَاجَهُ مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ ثَمَانُونَ وَسْقَ تَمْرٍ وَعِشْرُونَ وَسْقَ شَعِيرٍ فَقَسَمَ عُمَرُ خَيْبَرَ فَخَيَّرَ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْطِعَ لَهُنَّ مِنَ الْمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ أَوْ يُمْضِيَ لَهُنَّ فَمِنْهُنَّ مَنِ اخْتَارَ الأَرْضَ وَمِنْهُنَّ مَنِ اخْتَارَ الْوَسْقَ وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ اخْتَارَتِ الأَرْضَ  

ʿUmar expelled the Jews and the Christians from Hijaz. When Messenger of Allah ﷺ had conquered Khaibar, he wanted to expel the Jews from it as its land became the property of Allah, His Apostle, and the Muslims. Messenger of Allah ﷺ intended to expel the Jews but they requested him to let them stay there on the condition that they would do the labor and get half of the fruits. Messenger of Allah ﷺ told them, "We will let you stay on thus condition, as long as we wish." So, they (i.e. Jews) kept on living there until ʿUmar forced them to go towards Taima' and Ariha'.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَجْلَى الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحِجَازِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا ظَهَرَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ أَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ مِنْهَا وَكَانَتِ الأَرْضُ حِينَ ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَرَادَ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ مِنْهَا فَسَأَلَتِ الْيَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُقِرَّهُمْ بِهَا أَنْ يَكْفُوا عَمَلَهَا وَلَهُمْ نِصْفُ الثَّمَرِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نُقِرُّكُمْ بِهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا شِئْنَا۔» فَقَرُّوا بِهَا حَتَّى أَجْلاَهُمْ عُمَرُ إِلَى تَيْمَاءَ وَأَرِيحَاءَ۔  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is none amongst the Muslims who plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, or a person or an animal eats from it, but is regarded as a charitable gift for him."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَغْرِسُ غَرْسًا أَوْ يَزْرَعُ زَرْعًا فَيَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ طَيْرٌ أَوْ إِنْسَانٌ أَوْ بَهِيمَةٌ إِلاَّ كَانَ لَهُ بِهِ صَدَقَةٌ وَقَالَ لَنَا مُسْلِمٌ حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the sale of fruits till they are almost ripe. He was asked what is meant by 'are almost ripe.' He replied, "Till they become red." Messenger of Allah ﷺ further said, "If Allah spoiled the fruits, what right would one have to take the money of one's brother (i.e. other people)?"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تُزْهِيَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَمَا تُزْهِي قَالَ حَتَّى تَحْمَرَّ فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ بِمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ  

Once Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard the loud voices of some opponents quarreling at the door. One of them was appealing to the other to deduct his debt and asking him to be lenient but the other was saying, "By Allah I will not do so." Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to them and said, "Who is the one who was swearing by Allah that he would not do a favor?" That man said, "I am that person, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I will give my opponent whatever he wishes."  

سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَوْتَ خُصُومٍ بِالْبَابِ عَالِيَةٍ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا وَإِذَا أَحَدُهُمَا يَسْتَوْضِعُ الآخَرَ وَيَسْتَرْفِقُهُ فِي شَىْءٍ وَهْوَ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَفْعَلُ فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ الْمُتَأَلِّي عَلَى اللَّهِ لاَ يَفْعَلُ الْمَعْرُوفَ فَقَالَ أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَهُ أَىُّ ذَلِكَ أَحَبَّ  

In the mosque l asked Ibn Abi Hadrad to pay the debts which he owed to me and our voices grew louder. Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard that while he was in his house. So he came to us raising the curtain of his room and said, "O Kaʿb!" I replied, "Labaik, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ!" He said, "O Kaʿb! reduce your debt to one half," gesturing with his hand. I said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I have done so." Then Allah's Apostle said (to Ibn Abi Hadrad), "Get up and pay the debt to him."  

أَنَّهُ تَقَاضَى ابْنَ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ دَيْنًا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا حَتَّى سَمِعَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهْوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمَا حَتَّى كَشَفَ سِجْفَ حُجْرَتِهِ فَنَادَى يَا كَعْبُ قَالَ لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ضَعْ مِنْ دَيْنِكَ هَذَا وَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ أَىِ الشَّطْرَ قَالَ لَقَدْ فَعَلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ قُمْ فَاقْضِهِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If a man finds his very things with a bankrupt, he has more right to take them back than anyone else."  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مَالَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ أَوْ إِنْسَانٍ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ فَهْوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Before your time the angels received the soul of a man and asked him, 'Did you do any good deeds (in your life)?' He replied, 'I used to order my employees to grant time to the rich person to pay his debts at his convenience.' So Allah said to the angels; "Excuse him." Rabi said that (the dead man said), 'I used to be easy to the rich and grant time to the poor.' Or, in another narration, 'grant time to the well-off and forgive the needy,' or, 'accept from the well-off and forgive the needy.'  

قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ تَلَقَّتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ رُوحَ رَجُلٍ مِمَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ قَالُوا أَعَمِلْتَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ شَيْئًا قَالَ كُنْتُ آمُرُ فِتْيَانِي أَنْ يُنْظِرُوا وَيَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنِ الْمُوسِرِ قَالَ قَالَ فَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنْهُ وَقَالَ أَبُو مَالِكٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ كُنْتُ أُيَسِّرُ عَلَى الْمُوسِرِ وَأُنْظِرُ الْمُعْسِرَ وَتَابَعَهُ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ وَقَالَ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ أُنْظِرُ الْمُوسِرَ وَأَتَجَاوَزُ عَنِ الْمُعْسِرِ وَقَالَ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ فَأَقْبَلُ مِنَ الْمُوسِرِ وَأَتَجَاوَزُ عَنِ الْمُعْسِرِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "There was a merchant who used to lend the people, and whenever his debtor was in straitened circumstances, he would say to his employees, 'Forgive him so that Allah may forgive us.' So, Allah forgave him."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ كَانَ تَاجِرٌ يُدَايِنُ النَّاسَ فَإِذَا رَأَى مُعْسِرًا قَالَ لِفِتْيَانِهِ تَجَاوَزُوا عَنْهُ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَتَجَاوَزَ عَنَّا فَتَجَاوَزَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Procrastination (delay) in paying debts by a wealthy man is injustice. So, if your debt is transferred from your debtor to a rich debtor, you should agree."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ فَإِذَا أُتْبِعَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيٍّ فَلْيَتْبَعْ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade taking the price of a dog, money earned by prostitution and the earnings of a soothsayer.  

عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الأَنْصَارِيِّ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَمَهْرِ الْبَغِيِّ وَحُلْوَانِ الْكَاهِنِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered that the dogs should be killed.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ الْكِلاَبِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If someone keeps a dog neither for guarding livestock, nor for hunting, his good deeds will decrease (in reward) by two Qirats a day.'  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا إِلاَّ كَلْبَ مَاشِيَةٍ أَوْ ضَارٍ نَقَصَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قِيرَاطَانِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever keeps a dog, one Qirat of the reward of his good deeds is deducted daily, unless the dog is used for guarding a farm or cattle."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَمْسَكَ كَلْبًا فَإِنَّهُ يَنْقُصُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ قِيرَاطٌ إِلاَّ كَلْبَ حَرْثٍ أَوْ مَاشِيَةٍ۔»  

Abu Sufyan bin Abu Zuhair, a man from Azd Shanu'a and one of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ said, "I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'If one keeps a dog which is meant for guarding neither a farm nor cattle, one Qirat of the reward of his good deeds is deducted daily." I said, "Did you hear this from Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" He said, "Yes, by the Lord of this Mosque."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَزْدِ شَنُوءَةَ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا لاَ يُغْنِي عَنْهُ زَرْعًا وَلاَ ضَرْعًا نَقَصَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ قِيرَاطٌ قُلْتُ أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِي وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ  

that he was asked about the wages of the one who cups others. He said, 'Messenger of Allah ﷺ was cupped by ʿAbd Taiba, to whom he gave two Sa of food and interceded for him with his masters who consequently reduced what they used to charge him daily. Then the Prophet ﷺ s said, "The best medicines you may treat yourselves with are cupping and sea incense.' He added, "You should not torture your children by treating tonsillitis by pressing the tonsils or the palate with the finger, but use incense."  

احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَجَمَهُ أَبُو طَيْبَةَ وَأَعْطَاهُ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَكَلَّمَ مَوَالِيَهُ فَخَفَّفُوا عَنْهُ وَقَالَ إِنَّ أَمْثَلَ مَا تَدَاوَيْتُمْ بِهِ الْحِجَامَةُ وَالْقُسْطُ الْبَحْرِيُّ وَقَالَ لاَ تُعَذِّبُوا صِبْيَانَكُمْ بِالْغَمْزِ مِنَ الْعُذْرَةِ وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالْقُسْطِ  

The Prophet ﷺ was cupped and he paid the wages to the one who had cupped him and then took Su'ut (Medicine sniffed by nose).  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ احْتَجَمَ وَأَعْطَى الْحَجَّامَ أَجْرَهُ وَاسْتَعَطَ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not withhold the superfluous water, for that will prevent people from grazing their cattle."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ الْمَاءِ لِيُمْنَعَ بِهِ الْكَلأُ  

When the verses of Surat "Al-Baqara"' about the usury Riba were revealed, the Prophet ﷺ went to the mosque and recited them in front of the people and then banned the trade of alcohol.  

لَمَّا أُنْزِلَ الآيَاتُ مِنْ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي الرِّبَا خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَرَأَهُنَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ ثُمَّ حَرَّمَ تِجَارَةَ الْخَمْرِ  

I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ, in the year of the Conquest of Mecca, saying, "Allah and His Apostle made illegal the trade of alcohol, dead animals, pigs and idols." The people asked, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! What about the fat of dead animals, for it was used for greasing the boats and the hides; and people use it for lights?" He said, "No, it is illegal." Messenger of Allah ﷺ further said, "May Allah curse the Jews, for Allah made the fat (of animals) illegal for them, yet they melted the fat and sold it and ate its price."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ حَرَّمَ بَيْعَ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْتَةِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ وَالأَصْنَامِ فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ شُحُومَ الْمَيْتَةِ فَإِنَّهَا يُطْلَى بِهَا السُّفُنُ وَيُدْهَنُ بِهَا الْجُلُودُ وَيَسْتَصْبِحُ بِهَا النَّاسُ فَقَالَ لاَ هُوَ حَرَامٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا حَرَّمَ شُحُومَهَا جَمَلُوهُ ثُمَّ بَاعُوهُ فَأَكَلُوا ثَمَنَهُ قَالَ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ كَتَبَ إِلَىَّ عَطَاءٌ سَمِعْتُ جَابِرًا ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

Once ʿUmar was informed that a certain man sold alcohol. ʿUmar said, "May Allah curse him! Doesn't he know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'May Allah curse the Jews, for Allah had forbidden them to eat the fat of animals but they melted it and sold it."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ فَجَمَلُوهَا فَبَاعُوهَا  

Once ʿUmar was informed that a certain man sold alcohol. ʿUmar said, "May Allah curse him! Doesn't he know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'May Allah curse the Jews, for Allah had forbidden them to eat the fat of animals but they melted it and sold it."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ فَجَمَلُوهَا فَبَاعُوهَا  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not sell gold for gold unless equivalent in weight, and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa; and do not sell silver for silver unless equivalent in weight, and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa and do not sell gold or silver that is not present at the moment of exchange for gold or silver that is present.  

عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَلاَ تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا مِنْهَا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ  

I asked Al-Bara' bin ʿAzib and Zaid bin Arqam about money exchanges. Each of them said, "This is better than I," and both of them said, "Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the selling of silver for gold on credit. "  

عَنِ الصَّرْفِ فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَقُولُ هَذَا خَيْرٌ مِنِّي فَكِلاَهُمَا يَقُولُ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بِالْوَرِقِ دَيْنًا  

that his father said, "The Prophet ﷺ forbade the selling of gold for gold and silver for silver except if they are equivalent in weight, and allowed us to sell gold for silver and vice versa as we wished."  

نَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنِ الْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلاَّ سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَبْتَاعَ الذَّهَبَ بِالْفِضَّةِ كَيْفَ شِئْنَا وَالْفِضَّةَ بِالذَّهَبِ كَيْفَ شِئْنَا  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed somebody as a governor of Khaibar. That governor brought to him an excellent kind of dates (from Khaibar). The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Are all the dates of Khaibar like this?" He replied, "By Allah, no, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! But we barter one Sa of this (type of dates) for two Sas of dates of ours and two Sas of it for three of ours." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not do so (as that is a kind of usury) but sell the mixed dates (of inferior quality) for money, and then buy good dates with that money."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلاً عَلَى خَيْبَرَ فَجَاءَهُ بِتَمْرٍ جَنِيبٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَكُلُّ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ هَكَذَا قَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا لَنَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ مِنْ هَذَا بِالصَّاعَيْنِ وَالصَّاعَيْنِ بِالثَّلاَثَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَفْعَلْ بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ ثُمَّ ابْتَعْ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا  

Once Bilal brought Barni (i.e. a kind of dates) to the Prophet ﷺ and the Prophet ﷺ asked him, "From where have you brought these?" Bilal replied, "I had some inferior type of dates and exchanged two Sas of it for one Sa of Barni dates in order to give it to the Prophet; to eat." Thereupon the Prophet ﷺ said, "Beware! Beware! This is definitely Riba (usury)! This is definitely Riba (Usury)! Don't do so, but if you want to buy (a superior kind of dates) sell the inferior dates for money and then buy the superior kind of dates with that money."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ ؓ قَالَ جَاءَ بِلاَلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِتَمْرٍ بَرْنِيٍّ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ أَيْنَ هَذَا قَالَ بِلاَلٌ كَانَ عِنْدَنَا تَمْرٌ رَدِيٌّ فَبِعْتُ مِنْهُ صَاعَيْنِ بِصَاعٍ لِنُطْعِمَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَوَّهْ أَوَّهْ عَيْنُ الرِّبَا عَيْنُ الرِّبَا لاَ تَفْعَلْ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ فَبِعِ التَّمْرَ بِبَيْعٍ آخَرَ ثُمَّ اشْتَرِهِ  

We used to be given mixed dates (from the booty) and used to sell (barter) two Sas of those dates) for one Sa (of good dates). The Prophet ﷺ said (to us), "No (bartering of) two Sas for one Sa nor two Dirhams for one Dirham is permissible", (as that is a kind of usury). (See Hadith No. 405).  

كُنَّا نُرْزَقُ تَمْرَ الْجَمْعِ وَهْوَ الْخِلْطُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَكُنَّا نَبِيعُ صَاعَيْنِ بِصَاعٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لاَ صَاعَيْنِ بِصَاعٍ وَلاَ دِرْهَمَيْنِ بِدِرْهَمٍ  

I heard Abu Saʿid Al-Khudri saying, "The selling of a Dinar for a Dinar, and a Dirham for a Dirham (is permissible)." I said to him, "Ibn ʿAbbas does not say the same." Abu Saʿid replied, "I asked Ibn ʿAbbas whether he had heard it from the Prophet ﷺ s or seen it in the Holy Book. Ibn ʿAbbas replied, "I do not claim that, and you know Messenger of Allah ﷺ better than I, but Usama informed me that the Prophet had said, 'There is no Riba (in money exchange) except when it is not done from hand to hand (i.e. when there is delay in payment).' "  

أَبُو سَعِيدٍ سَأَلْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَوْ وَجَدْتَهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لاَ أَقُولُ وَأَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنِّي وَلَكِنَّنِي أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ رِبًا إِلاَّ فِي النَّسِيئَةِ  

I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'Both legal and illegal things are evident but in between them there are doubtful (suspicious) things and most of the people have no knowledge about them. So whoever saves himself from these suspicious things saves his religion and his honor. And whoever indulges in these suspicious things is like a shepherd who grazes (his animals) near the Hima (private pasture) of someone else and at any moment he is liable to get in it. (O people!) Beware! Every king has a Hima and the Hima of Allah on the earth is His illegal (forbidden) things. Beware! There is a piece of flesh in the body if it becomes good (reformed) the whole body becomes good but if it gets spoilt the whole body gets spoilt and that is the heart.  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ الْحَلاَلُ بَيِّنٌ وَالْحَرَامُ بَيِّنٌ وَبَيْنَهُمَا مُشَبَّهَاتٌ لاَ يَعْلَمُهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَمَنِ اتَّقَى الْمُشَبَّهَاتِ اسْتَبْرَأَ لِدِيِنِهِ وَعِرْضِهِ وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِي الشُّبُهَاتِ كَرَاعٍ يَرْعَى حَوْلَ الْحِمَى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهُ أَلاَ وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ مَلِكٍ حِمًى أَلاَ إِنَّ حِمَى اللَّهِ فِي أَرْضِهِ مَحَارِمُهُ أَلاَ وَإِنَّ فِي الْجَسَدِ مُضْغَةً إِذَا صَلَحَتْ صَلَحَ الْجَسَدُ كُلُّهُ وَإِذَا فَسَدَتْ فَسَدَ الْجَسَدُ كُلُّهُ أَلاَ وَهِيَ الْقَلْبُ  

While I was riding a (slow) and tired camel, the Prophet ﷺ passed by and beat it and prayed for Allah's Blessings for it. The camel became so fast as it had never been before. The Prophet ﷺ then said, "Sell it to me for one Uqiyya (of gold)." I said, "No." He again said, "Sell it to me for one Uqiyya (of gold)." I sold it and stipulated that I should ride it to my house. When we reached (Medina) I took that camel to the Prophet ﷺ and he gave me its price. I returned home but he sent for me (and when I went to him) he said, "I will not take your camel. Take your camel as a gift for you." (Various narrations are mentioned here with slight variations in expressions relating the condition that Jabir had the right to ride the sold camel up to Medina).  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسِيرُ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ قَدْ أَعْيَا فَمَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَهُ فَدَعَا لَهُ فَسَارَ بِسَيْرٍ لَيْسَ يَسِيرُ مِثْلَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ بِعْنِيهِ بِوَقِيَّةٍ قُلْتُ لاَ ثُمَّ قَالَ بِعْنِيهِ بِوَقِيَّةٍ فَبِعْتُهُ فَاسْتَثْنَيْتُ حُمْلاَنَهُ إِلَى أَهْلِي فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا أَتَيْتُهُ بِالْجَمَلِ وَنَقَدَنِي ثَمَنَهُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفْتُ فَأَرْسَلَ عَلَى إِثْرِي قَالَ مَا كُنْتُ لآخُذَ جَمَلَكَ فَخُذْ جَمَلَكَ ذَلِكَ فَهْوَ مَالُكَ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَفْقَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَىَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ فَبِعْتُهُ عَلَى أَنَّ لِي فَقَارَ ظَهْرِهِ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَغَيْرُهُ لَكَ ظَهْرُهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ شَرَطَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَلَكَ ظَهْرُهُ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ وَقَالَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَفْقَرْنَاكَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَالَ الأَعْمَشُ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ تَبَلَّغْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ وَقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ وَهْبٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ اشْتَرَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِوَقِيَّةٍ وَتَابَعَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَخَذْتُهُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ دَنَانِيرَ وَهَذَا يَكُونُ وَقِيَّةً عَلَى حِسَابِ الدِّينَارِ بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنِ الثَّمَنَ مُغِيرَةُ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَابْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَقَالَ الأَعْمَشُ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَقِيَّةُ ذَهَبٍ وَقَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ بِمِائَتَىْ دِرْهَمٍ وَقَالَ دَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مِقْسَمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ اشْتَرَاهُ بِطَرِيقِ تَبُوكَ أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ بِأَرْبَعِ أَوَاقٍ وَقَالَ أَبُو نَضْرَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ اشْتَرَاهُ بِعِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا وَقَوْلُ الشَّعْبِيِّ بِوَقِيَّةٍ أَكْثَرُ الاِشْتِرَاطُ أَكْثَرُ وَأَصَحُّ عِنْدِي قَالَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ  

I participated in a Ghazwa along with Messenger of Allah ﷺ The Prophet ﷺ met me (on the way) while I was riding a camel of ours used for irrigation and it had got so tired that it could hardly walk. The Prophet ﷺ asked me, "What is wrong with the camel?" I replied, "It has got tired." So. Messenger of Allah ﷺ came from behind it and rebuked it and prayed for it so it started surpassing the other camels and going ahead of them. Then he asked me, "How do you find your camel (now)?" I replied, "I find it quite well, now as it has received your blessings." He said, "Will you sell it to me?" I felt shy (to refuse his offer) though it was the only camel for irrigation we had. So, I said, "Yes." He said, "Sell it to me then." I sold it to him on the condition that I should keep on riding it till I reached Medina. Then I said, "O Allah's Apostle! I am a bridegroom," and requested him to allow me to go home. He allowed me, and I set out for Medina before the people till I reached Medina, where I met my uncle, who asked me about the camel and I informed him all about it and he blamed me for that. When I took the permission of Messenger of Allah ﷺ he asked me whether I had married a virgin or a matron and I replied that I had married a matron. He said, "Why hadn't you married a virgin who would have played with you, and you would have played with her?" I replied, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! My father died (or was martyred) and I have some young sisters, so I felt it not proper that I should marry a young girl like them who would neither teach them manners nor serve them. So, I have married a matron so that she may serve them and teach them manners." When Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, I took the camel to him the next morning and he gave me its price and gave me the camel itself as well.  

غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَتَلاَحَقَ بِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَنَا عَلَى نَاضِحٍ لَنَا قَدْ أَعْيَا فَلاَ يَكَادُ يَسِيرُ فَقَالَ لِي مَا لِبَعِيرِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ عَيِيَ قَالَ فَتَخَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَزَجَرَهُ وَدَعَا لَهُ فَمَا زَالَ بَيْنَ يَدَىِ الإِبِلِ قُدَّامَهَا يَسِيرُ فَقَالَ لِي كَيْفَ تَرَى بَعِيرَكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ أَصَابَتْهُ بَرَكَتُكَ قَالَ أَفَتَبِيعُنِيهِ قَالَ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا نَاضِحٌ غَيْرَهُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَبِعْنِيهِ فَبِعْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ عَلَى أَنَّ لِي فَقَارَ ظَهْرِهِ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي عَرُوسٌ فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ فَأَذِنَ لِي فَتَقَدَّمْتُ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَقِيَنِي خَالِي فَسَأَلَنِي عَنِ الْبَعِيرِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَا صَنَعْتُ فِيهِ فَلاَمَنِي قَالَ وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِي حِينَ اسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ هَلْ تَزَوَّجْتَ بِكْرًا أَمْ ثَيِّبًا فَقُلْتُ تَزَوَّجْتُ ثَيِّبًا فَقَالَ هَلاَّ تَزَوَّجْتَ بِكْرًا تُلاَعِبُهَا وَتُلاَعِبُكَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُوُفِّيَ وَالِدِي أَوِ اسْتُشْهِدَ وَلِي أَخَوَاتٌ صِغَارٌ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ مِثْلَهُنَّ فَلاَ تُؤَدِّبُهُنَّ وَلاَ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَتَزَوَّجْتُ ثَيِّبًا لِتَقُومَ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَتُؤَدِّبَهُنَّ قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ غَدَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْبَعِيرِ فَأَعْطَانِي ثَمَنَهُ وَرَدَّهُ عَلَىَّ قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ هَذَا فِي قَضَائِنَا حَسَنٌ لاَ نَرَى بِهِ بَأْسًا  

Jabir bin ʿAbdullah said, "When Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived at Medina, he slaughtered a camel or a cow." Jabir added, "The Prophet ﷺ bought a camel from me for two Uqiyas (of gold) and one or two Dirhams. When he reached Sirar, he ordered that a cow be slaughtered and they ate its meat. When he arrived at Medina, he ordered me to go to the Mosque and offer two rakʿat, and weighed (and gave) me the price of the camel."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ نَحَرَ جَزُورًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً زَادَ مُعَاذ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ مُحَارِبٍ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ اشْتَرَى مِنى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعِيرًا بِوَقِيَّتَيْنِ وَدِرْهَمٍ أَوْ دِرْهَمَيْنِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ صِرَارًا أَمَرَ بِبَقَرَةٍ فَذُبِحَتْ فَأَكَلُوا مِنْهَا فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ آتِيَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَأُصَلىَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَوَزَنَ لِي ثَمَنَ الْبَعِيرِ  

A man came to the Prophet ﷺ demanding his debts and behaved rudely. The companions of the Prophet ﷺ intended to harm him, but Messenger of Allah ﷺ said (to them), "Leave him, for the creditor (i.e. owner of a right) has the right to speak." Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "Give him a camel of the same age as that of his." The people said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! There is only a camel that is older than his." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Give (it to) him, for the best amongst you is he who pays the rights of others handsomely."  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَأَغْلَظَ فَهَمَّ بِهِ أَصْحَابُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالاً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَعْطُوهُ سِنًّا مِثْلَ سِنِّهِ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لاَ نَجِدُ إِلاَّ أَمْثَلَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ فَقَالَ أَعْطُوهُ فَإِنَّ مِنْ خَيْرِكُمْ أَحْسَنَكُمْ قَضَاءً  

The Prophet ﷺ purchased food grains from a Jew on credit and mortgaged his iron armor to him.  

ذَكَرْنَا عِنْدَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الرَّهْنَ فِي السَّلَمِ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الأَسْوَدُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اشْتَرَى طَعَامًا مِنْ يَهُودِيٍّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَرَهَنَهُ دِرْعًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ  

The Prophet ﷺ came to Medina and the people used to pay in advance the price of dates to be delivered within two or three years. He said (to them), "Whoever pays in advance the price of a thing to be delivered later should pay it for a specified measure at specified weight for a specified period."  

قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَهُمْ يُسْلِفُونَ بِالتَّمْرِ السَّنَتَيْنِ وَالثَّلاَثَ فَقَالَ مَنْ أَسْلَفَ فِي شَىْءٍ فَفِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ  

I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "The swearing (by the seller) may persuade the buyer to purchase the goods but that will be deprived of Allah's blessing."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ الْحَلِفُ مُنَفِّقَةٌ لِلسِّلْعَةِ مُمْحِقَةٌ لِلْبَرَكَةِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave a verdict regarding Shuf'a in every undivided joint thing (property). But if the limits are defined (or demarcated) or the ways and streets are fixed, then there is no pre-emption.  

قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ  

Abu Huraira said, "Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'No one should prevent his neighbor from fixing a wooden peg in his wall." Abu Huraira said (to his companions), "Why do I find you averse to it? By Allah, I certainly will narrate it to you."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَمْنَعُ جَارٌ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَهُ فِي جِدَارِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ مَا لِي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ وَاللَّهِ لأَرْمِيَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ  

That Arwa sued him before Marwan for a right, which she claimed, he had deprived her of. On that Saʿid said, "How should I deprive her of her right? I testify that I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'If anyone takes a span of land unjustly, his neck will be encircled with it down seven earths on the Day of Resurrection."  

أَنَّهُ خَاصَمَتْهُ أَرْوَى فِي حَقٍّ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهُ انْتَقَصَهُ لَهَا إِلَى مَرْوَانَ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ أَنَا أَنْتَقِصُ مِنْ حَقِّهَا شَيْئًا أَشْهَدُ لَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَخَذَ شِبْرًا مِنَ الأَرْضِ ظُلْمًا فَإِنَّهُ يُطَوَّقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

That there was a dispute between him and some people (about a piece of land). When he told ʿAisha about it, she said, "O Abu Salama! Avoid taking the land unjustly, for the Prophet ﷺ said, 'Whoever usurps even one span of the land of somebody, his neck will be encircled with it down the seven earths."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أُنَاسٍ خُصُومَةٌ فَذَكَرَ لِعَائِشَةَ ؓ فَقَالَتْ يَا أَبَا سَلَمَةَ اجْتَنِبِ الأَرْضَ فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ ظَلَمَ قِيدَ شِبْرٍ مِنَ الأَرْضِ طُوِّقَهُ مِنْ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ  

The Prophet ﷺ judged that seven cubits should be left as a public way when there was a dispute about the land.  

قَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا تَشَاجَرُوا فِي الطَّرِيقِ بِسَبْعَةِ أَذْرُعٍ