14. Book of Marriage
١٤۔ كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ
[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the usage of women for pleasure."
«نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ مُتْعَةِ النِّسَاءِ»
[Machine] I heard Ibn Mas'ud saying, "We used to go for battles with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and we did not have any women with us." So, they said, "O Messenger of Allah, should we not castrate ourselves?" He prohibited us from doing so and commanded us to marry women with a dowry. Then Abdullah recited this verse, "O you who have believed, do not prohibit the good things which Allah has made lawful to you."
سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ كُنَّا نَغْزُو مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ لَنَا نِسَاءٌ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا نَسْتَخْصِي فَنَهَانَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَنْكِحَ الْمَرْأَةَ بِالثَّوْبِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ}
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ بِالتَّمَتُّعِ أَمْرُ رُخْصَةٍ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ لَا أَمْرُ حَتْمٍ
We used to fight in the holy battles in the company of the Prophet ﷺ and we had no wives with us. So we said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Shall we get castrated?" The Prophet ﷺ forbade us to do so. (Using translation from Bukhārī 5071)
كُنَّا نَغْزُو مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَيْسَ مَعَنَا نِسَاءٌ فَقُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا نَسْتَخْصِي؟ «فَنَهَانَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَرَخَّصَ لَنَا أَنْ نَنْكِحَ الْمَرْأَةَ بِالثَّوْبِ إِلَى أَجْلٍ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ} »
ذِكْرُ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي نَهَى ﷺ عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ فِيهِ
The Messenger of Allah forbade on the Day of Khaibar, the temporary marriage of women and (he forbade) the flesh of domestic donkeys. (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1961)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنْ مُتْعَةِ النِّسَاءِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ وَعَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْإِنْسِيَّةِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ رَخَّصَ لَهُمْ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ مُدَّةً مَعْلُومَةً بَعْدَ هَذَا الزَّجْرِ الْمُطْلَقِ
[Machine] "The Messenger of Allahﷺ allowed the pleasure of women, so I approached him after three (occasions), and he forbade it even more strictly and said the harshest words about it."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «رَخَّصَ فِي مُتْعَةِ النِّسَاءِ فَأَتَيْتُهُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ يُحَرِّمُهَا أَشَدَّ التَّحْرِيمِ وَيَقُولُ فِيهَا أَشَدَّ الْقَوْلِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمُتْعَةَ حَرَّمَهَا الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ الْمُطْلَقِ
'Ali b. AbiTalib reported that Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited on the Day of Khaibar the contracting of temporary marriage with women and the eating of the flesh of domestic asses. (Using translation from Muslim 1407a)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنْ مُتْعَةِ النِّسَاءِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ وَعَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْأَهْلِيَّةِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ أَبَاحَ لَهُمْ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ بَعْدَ نَهْيِهِ عَنْهَا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهَا مَرَّةً ثَانِيَةً
[Machine] He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ permitted us to have temporary marriage during the year of the Conquest. So I and another man went to a young woman who appeared to be a virgin, in order to engage in temporary marriage with her. We sat in front of her, and there was some fabric between her and me, and some fabric between her and the other man. We spoke to her and offered her two pieces of fabric as a dowry. I was younger than the other man, and his fabric was finer than mine. She looked at me and his fabric, then she chose me and I married her. I stayed with her for three days. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited temporary marriage, so I separated from her."
أَنَّهُ قَالَ «أَذِنَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ شَابَّةٍ كَأَنَّهَا بَكْرَةٌ عَيْطَاءُ لِنَسْتَمْتِعَ بِهَا فَجَلَسْنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا وَعَلَيْهِ بُرْدٌ وَعَلَيَّ بُرْدٌ فَكَلَّمْنَاهَا وَمَهَرْنَاهَا بُرْدَيْنَا وَكُنْتُ أَشَبَّ مِنْهُ وَكَانَ بُرْدُهُ أَجْوَدَ مِنْ بُرْدِي فَجَعَلَتْ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيَّ مَرَّةً وَإِلَى بُرْدِهِ مَرَّةً ثُمَّ اخْتَارَتْنِي فَنَكَحْتُهَا فَأَقَمْتُ مَعَهَا ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْهَا فَفَارَقْتُهَا»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ حَرَّمَ الْمُتْعَةَ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ تَحْرِيمَ الْأَبَدِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
[Machine] We accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and when we completed our Umrah, he said to us, "Enjoy yourselves with these women." He said, "And enjoyment for us at that time is marriage." So we proposed to those women to set a fixed term between us and them. We mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said, "Do it." So I went out, along with my cousin who had a cloak with him, and I had a cloak too, but his cloak was better than mine, and I was younger than him. Then we approached a woman and presented our proposal to her. She liked my youthfulness and she liked the cloak of my cousin, so she said, "A cloak like a cloak." I married her and the duration between me and her was for ten nights. I stayed with her that night and in the morning, I went to the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ was standing between the pillar and the gate, delivering a sermon to the people, and he was saying, "O people, I have given permission to you to enjoy yourselves with these women. And behold, Allah has forbade that until the Day of Resurrection. So whoever has anything with them, he should remove his way, and do not take anything from what you have given to them."
خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا عُمْرَتَنَا قَالَ لَنَا «اسْتَمْتِعُوا مِنْ هَذِهِ النِّسَاءِ» قَالَ وَالِاسْتِمْتَاعُ عِنْدَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ التَّزْوِيجُ فَعَرَضْنَا بِذَلِكَ النِّسَاءُ أَنْ نَضْرِبَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُنَّ أَجَلًا قَالَ فَذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ «افْعَلُوا ذَلِكَ» فَخَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَابْنُ عَمٍّ لِي مَعِي بُرْدَةٌ وَمَعَهُ بُرْدَةٌ وَبُرْدُهُ أَجْوَدُ مِنْ بُرْدِي وَأَنَا أَشَبُّ مِنْهُ فَأَتَيْنَا امْرَأَةً فَعَرَضْنَا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا فَأَعْجَبَهَا شَبَابِي وَأَعْجَبَهَا بُرْدُ ابْنِ عَمِّي فَقَالَتْ بُرْدٌ كَبُرْدٍ فَتَزَوَّجْتُهَا وَكَانَ الْأَجَلُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهَا عَشْرًا فَلَبِثْتُ عِنْدَهَا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ ثُمَّ أَصْبَحْتُ غَادِيًا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْحَجَرِ وَالْبَابِ قَائِمٌ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي قَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَكُمْ فِي الِاسْتِمْتَاعِ فِي هَذِهِ النِّسَاءِ أَلَا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَمَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْئًا فَلْيُخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ وَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الزَّجْرَ عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ كَانَ زَجْرَ تَحْرِيمٍ لَا زَجْرَ نَدْبٍ
[Machine] "His father said, 'He (referring to the person speaking) marched (or went out) with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .' He continued, 'So one day, I and a man from my tribe went forth, and I had an advantage in beauty over him. He was close to adolescence. Each of us had coldness, and my coldness was a natural coldness, while the coldness of my cousin's son was new and biting. Until when we reached the bottom or the top of Makkah, we met a girl who resembled the moon. So we asked her, 'May we enjoy your company?' She replied, 'And what will you give in return?' Each of us spread his coldness in front of her. She looked at the man, and when the man saw her looking, he glanced at me compassionately and said, 'This coldness is natural, and my coldness is new and biting.' So she said, 'There is nothing wrong with this coldness.' Then I enjoyed her company, and we did not leave until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited her (from such activities)."
أَنَّ أَبَاهُ «غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِي لِي عَلَيْهِ فَضْلٌ فِي الْجَمَالِ وَهُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الدَّمَامَةِ مَعَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا بُرْدٌ أَمَا بُرْدِي فَبُرْدٌ خَلَقٌ وَأَمَّا بُرْدُ ابْنِ عَمِّي فَبُرْدٌ جَدِيدٌ غَضٌّ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا أَسْفَلَ مَكَّةَ أَوْ بِأَعْلَاهَا فَلَقَيْنَا فَتَاةً مِثْلُ الْبَكْرَةِ فَقُلْنَا هَلْ نَسْتَمْتِعُ مِنْكِ قَالَتْ وَمَاذَا تَبْذُلَانِ فَنَشَرَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا بُرْدَهُ فَجَعَلَتْ تَنْظُرُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَإِذَا رَآهَا الرَّجُلُ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيَّ عِطْفِهَا وَقَالَ بُرْدُ هَذَا خَلَقٌ وَبُرْدِي جَدِيدٌ غَضٌّ فَتَقُولُ بُرْدُ هَذَا لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَمْتَعْتُ مِنْهَا فَلَمْ نَخْرُجْ حَتَّى حَرَّمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»
ذِكْرُ الْأَسْبَابِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَتِ الْمُتْعَةَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مُطْلَقَةً قَبْلَهَا
[Machine] When the Prophet ﷺ left, he stayed at the Thaniyyah Al-Wada'a and saw some lamps and heard women crying. He asked, "What is this?" They replied, "O Messenger of Allah, these are the women who were enjoying their time with their husbands." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "He has abolished or prohibited temporary marriage, divorce, waiting period after divorce, and inheritance."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا خَرَجَ نَزَلَ ثَنِيَّةَ الْوَدَاعِ فَرَأَى مَصَابِيحَ وَسَمِعَ نِسَاءً يَبْكِينَ فَقَالَ «مَا هَذَا» قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نِسَاءٌ كَانُوا تَمَتَّعُوا مِنْهُنَّ أَزْوَاجُهُنَّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هَدَمَ أَوْ قَالَ حَرَّمَ الْمُتْعَةَ النِّكَاحُ وَالطَّلَاقُ وَالْعُدَّةُ وَالْمِيرَاثُ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمُتْعَةَ حَرَّمَهَا الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ تَحْرِيمَ الْأَبَدِ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited the contracting of temporary marriage and said: Behold, it is forbidden from this very day of yours to the Day of Resurrection, and he who has given something (as a dower) should not take it back. (Using translation from Muslim 1406l)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ وَقَالَ «إِنَّهَا حَرَامٌ مِنْ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَنْ كَانَ أَعْطَى شَيْئًا فَلَا يَأْخُذْهُ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ أَوْهَمَ مَنْ جَهِلَ صِنَاعَةَ الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ مُضَادٌّ لِلْأَخْبَارِ الَّتِي تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُنَا لَهَا
[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ allowed us to participate in pleasure for one year and then prohibited it for us."
«رَخَّصَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ أَوْطَاسٍ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ نَهَانَا عَنْهَا»