34. Sales and Trade

٣٤۔ كتاب البيوع

34.1 What has come in the Statement of Allah Ta'ala: "Then when the Salat is ended, you may disperse through the land, and seek the Bounty of Allah ..."

٣٤۔١ بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا قُلْ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَارَةِ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ}

[Machine] And His saying: "Do not consume one another's wealth unlawfully except [that it is] trade conducted with mutual consent."

وَقَوْلِهِ: {لاَ تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ}.

bukhari:2047Abū al-Yamān > Shuʿayb > al-Zuhrī > Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab And ʾAbū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman > Abū Hurayrah > Innakum > Ūn In Abū Hurayrah Yukthir al-Ḥadīth

You people say that Abu Huraira tells many narrations from Messenger of Allah ﷺ and you also wonder why the emigrants and Ansar do not narrate from Messenger of Allah ﷺ as Abu Huraira does. My emigrant brothers were busy in the market while I used to stick to Messenger of Allah ﷺ content with what fills my stomach; so I used to be present when they were absent and I used to remember when they used to forget, and my Ansari brothers used to be busy with their properties and I was one of the poor men of Suffa. I used to remember the narrations when they used to forget. No doubt, Messenger of Allah ﷺ once said, "Whoever spreads his garment till I have finished my present speech and then gathers it to himself, will remember whatever I will say." So, I spread my colored garment which I was wearing till Messenger of Allah ﷺ had finished his saying, and then I gathered it to my chest. So, I did not forget any of that narrations.  

البخاري:٢٠٤٧حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ

إِنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يُكْثِرُ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَقُولُونَ مَا بَالُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَارِ لاَ يُحَدِّثُونَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَإِنَّ إِخْوَتِي مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ كَانَ يَشْغَلُهُمْ صَفْقٌ بِالأَسْوَاقِ وَكُنْتُ أَلْزَمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مِلْءِ بَطْنِي فَأَشْهَدُ إِذَا غَابُوا وَأَحْفَظُ إِذَا نَسُوا وَكَانَ يَشْغَلُ إِخْوَتِي مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ عَمَلُ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَكُنْتُ امْرَأً مِسْكِينًا مِنْ مَسَاكِينِ الصُّفَّةِ أَعِي حِينَ يَنْسَوْنَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثٍ يُحَدِّثُهُ إِنَّهُ لَنْ يَبْسُطَ أَحَدٌ ثَوْبَهُ حَتَّى أَقْضِيَ مَقَالَتِي هَذِهِ ثُمَّ يَجْمَعَ إِلَيْهِ ثَوْبَهُ إِلاَّ وَعَى مَا أَقُولُ فَبَسَطْتُ نَمِرَةً عَلَىَّ حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَقَالَتَهُ جَمَعْتُهَا إِلَى صَدْرِي فَمَا نَسِيتُ مِنْ مَقَالَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تِلْكَ مِنْ شَىْءٍ  

bukhari:2048ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbdullāh > Ibrāhīm b. Saʿd from his father from his grandfather > ʿAbd

ʿAbdur Rahman bin ʿAuf said, "When we came to Medina as emigrants, Messenger of Allah ﷺ established a bond of brotherhood between me and Saʿd bin Ar-Rabiʿ. Saʿd bin Ar-Rabiʿ said (to me), 'I am the richest among the Ansar, so I will give you half of my wealth and you may look at my two wives and whichever of the two you may choose I will divorce her, and when she has completed the prescribed period (before marriage) you may marry her.' ʿAbdur-Rahman replied, "I am not in need of all that. Is there any marketplace where trade is practiced?' He replied, "The market of Qainuqa." ʿAbdur- Rahman went to that market the following day and brought some dried buttermilk (yogurt) and butter, and then he continued going there regularly. Few days later, ʿAbdur-Rahman came having traces of yellow (scent) on his body. Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him whether he had got married. He replied in the affirmative. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Whom have you married?' He replied, 'A woman from the Ansar.' Then the Prophet ﷺ asked, 'How much did you pay her?' He replied, '(I gave her) a gold piece equal in weigh to a date stone (or a date stone of gold)! The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Give a Walima (wedding banquet) even if with one sheep .' "  

البخاري:٢٠٤٨حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ قَالَ

عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ لَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ آخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ إِنِّي أَكْثَرُ الأَنْصَارِ مَالاً فَأَقْسِمُ لَكَ نِصْفَ مَالِي وَانْظُرْ أَىَّ زَوْجَتَىَّ هَوِيتَ نَزَلْتُ لَكَ عَنْهَا فَإِذَا حَلَّتْ تَزَوَّجْتَهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ لاَ حَاجَةَ لِي فِي ذَلِكَ هَلْ مِنْ سُوقٍ فِيهِ تِجَارَةٌ قَالَ سُوقُ قَيْنُقَاعَ قَالَ فَغَدَا إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَأَتَى بِأَقِطٍ وَسَمْنٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ تَابَعَ الْغُدُوَّ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ جَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ صُفْرَةٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَزَوَّجْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَمَنْ قَالَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ قَالَ كَمْ سُقْتَ قَالَ زِنَةَ نَوَاةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ نَوَاةً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَوْلِمْ وَلَوْ بِشَاةٍ  

bukhari:2049Aḥmad b. Yūnus > Zuhayr > Ḥumayd > Anas

When ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf came to Medina, the Prophet ﷺ established a bond of brotherhood between him and Saʿd bin Ar-Rabi al-Ansari. Saʿd was a rich man, so he said to ʿAbdur-Rahman, "I will give you half of my property and will help you marry." ʿAbdur-Rahman said (to him), "May Allah bless you in your family and property. Show me the market." So ʿAbdur-Rahman did not return from the market) till he gained some dried buttermilk (yogurt) and butter (through trading). He brought that to his house-hold. We stayed for sometime (or as long as Allah wished), and then ʿAbdur-Rahman came, scented with yellowish perfume. The Prophet ﷺ said (to him) "What is this?" He replied, "I got married to an Ansari woman." The Prophet ﷺ asked, "What did you pay her?" He replied, "A gold stone or gold equal to the weight of a date stone." The Prophet ﷺ said (to him), "Give a wedding banquet even if with one sheep."  

البخاري:٢٠٤٩حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ

قَدِمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ الْمَدِينَةَ فَآخَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ الأَنْصَارِيِّ وَكَانَ سَعْدٌ ذَا غِنًى فَقَالَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أُقَاسِمُكَ مَالِي نِصْفَيْنِ وَأُزَوِّجُكَ قَالَ بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِي أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ دُلُّونِي عَلَى السُّوقِ فَمَا رَجَعَ حَتَّى اسْتَفْضَلَ أَقِطًا وَسَمْنًا فَأَتَى بِهِ أَهْلَ مَنْزِلِهِ فَمَكَثْنَا يَسِيرًا أَوْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَجَاءَ وَعَلَيْهِ وَضَرٌ مِنْ صُفْرَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَهْيَمْ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ قَالَ مَا سُقْتَ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ نَوَاةً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَزْنَ نَوَاةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ قَالَ أَوْلِمْ وَلَوْ بِشَاةٍ  

bukhari:2050ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad > Sufyān > ʿAmr > Ibn ʿAbbās

ʿUkaz, Majanna and Dhul-Majaz were marketplaces in the Pre-Islamic period of ignorance. When Islam came, Muslims felt that marketing there might be a sin. So, the Divine Inspiration came: "There is no harm for you to seek the bounty of your Lord (in the seasons of Hajj)." (2.198) Ibn ʿAbbas recited the Verse in this way.  

البخاري:٢٠٥٠حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ

كَانَتْ عُكَاظٌ وَمِجَنَّةُ وَذُو الْمَجَازِ أَسْوَاقًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الإِسْلاَمُ فَكَأَنَّهُمْ تَأَثَّمُوا فِيهِ فَنَزَلَتْ {لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلاً مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ } فِي مَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ قَرَأَهَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ