[Machine] And indeed, the Prophet ﷺ said, "Do you swear and deserve the blood of your companion?"  

وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ؟  

[Machine] Abdullah ibn Sahil was struck by misfortune in Khaybar. He went out there with his companions to collect dates when he was found with a broken neck and was left to die. They then took him and hid him. Afterwards, they went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him of what happened. His brother, Abdullah ibn Al-Rahman, came forward with his cousins, Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah, the sons of Mas'ud. Abdullah ibn Al-Rahman was the youngest among them, but he was the bravest of the people. When he spoke before his cousins, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The eldest should speak first." So, Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah spoke first, and then Abdullah spoke. He informed the Prophet ﷺ about the killing of their companion. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "You should name the killer and make a solemn oath of fifty oaths, and we will hand him over to you." They said, "We cannot make an oath about something we do not know." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Then make a solemn oath by Allah, fifty oaths, that you did not kill him and you do not know who killed him, and then you can absolve yourselves from his blood." They said, "We would not accept oaths from the Jews that involve something greater than disbelief, let alone swear oaths about a sin." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ , on behalf of Sahil, offered a hundred camels as compensation. Sahil said, "By Allah, I will not even forget one morning of them. There was a red camel among them that kicked me while I was milking it."  

أُصِيبَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ بِخَيْبَرَ وَكَانَ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا فِي أَصْحَابٍ لَهُ يَمْتَارُونَ تَمْرًا فَوُجِدَ فِي عَيْنٍ قَدْ كُسِرَتْ عُنُقُهُ ثُمَّ ضُرِحَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَخَذُوهُ فَغَيَّبُوهُ ثُمَّ قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ شَأْنَهُ فَتَقَدَّمَ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمَعَهُ ابْنَا عَمِّهِ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَحْدَثَهُمْ سِنًّا وَكَانَ صَاحِبَ الدَّمِ وَكَانَ ذَا قَدَمِ الْقَوْمِ فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ قَبْلَ بَنِي عَمِّهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْكِبَرَ الْكِبَرَ فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ هُوَ بَعْدُ فَذَكَرَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَتْلَ صَاحِبِهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تُسَمُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ ثُمَّ تَحْلِفُونَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا فَنُسْلِمُهُ إِلَيْكُمْ؟ قَالُوا مَا كُنَّا نَحْلِفُ عَلَى مَا لَا نَعْلَمُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللهِ لَكُمْ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مَا قَتَلُوهُ وَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ لَهُ قَاتِلًا ثُمَّ يَبْرَءُونَ مِنْ دَمِهِ؟ فَقَالُوا مَا كُنَّا لِنَقْبَلَ أَيْمَانَ يَهُودَ مَا فِيهِمْ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا عَلَى إِثْمٍ فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ مِائَةَ نَاقَةٍ فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ فَوَاللهِ مَا أَنْسَى بَكْرَةً مِنْهَا حَمْرَاءَ ضَرَبَتْنِي بِرِجْلِهَا وَأَنَا أَحُورُهَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that he killed a man from the Banu Nasr ibn Malik in Bahrah al-Ri'aa, on the shore of Laiyyah. The killer and the victim were both from them (the Banu Nasr). Abu Dawood said that this is a commendable narration from Bahrah, a solitary report. What came before it is plausible for the payment of blood money, as it is deserved with blood. Allah knows best. It was also narrated by Abu Dawood in al-Maraasil on the authority of Musa ibn Isma'il, from Hammad, from Qatadah and 'Amir al-Ahwal, from Abu al-Mughirah, that the Prophet ﷺ performed an oath of mutual cursing (al-Qasamah) in Ta'if. This too is a solitary report. Muhammad ibn Muhammad informed us, on the authority of al-Fasawwi, who reported it from al-Lu'lu'i, who reported it from Abu Dawood. And he mentioned it.  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ بِالْقَسَامَةِ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي نَصْرِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ بِبَحْرَةِ الرِّعَاءِ عَلَى شَطِّ لَيَّةَ فَقَالَ الْقَاتِلُ وَالْمَقْتُولُ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَهَذَا لَفْظُ مَحْمُودٍ بِبَحْرَةَ أَقَامَهُ مَحْمُودٌ وَحْدَهُ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَمَا قَبْلَهُ مُحْتَمَلٌ لِاسْتِحْقَاقِ الدِّيَةِ فَإِنَّهَا بِالدَّمِ تُسْتَحَقُّ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ 16458 وَرَوَى أَيْضًا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَعَامِرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَادَ بِالْقَسَامَةِ بِالطَّائِفِ وَهُوَ أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنْبَأَ الْفَسَوِيُّ ثنا اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] I met one of our scholars from the people of Madinah who stated that the oath should begin with the right hand when it comes to the cases involving a murder committed while the perpetrator was under the influence of alcohol or in a state of doubt. Their opponents do not hold this view. Abu Al-Zinad said that Kharitah bin Zayd informed him that a man from the Ansar was killed while he was intoxicated. Another man hit him with a stick, but there was no conclusive evidence except for a stain or something similar. On that day, amongst the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ and the scholars of the people, there were countless individuals. There was no disagreement among any of them that the witnesses of the murder should swear an oath. They had two options: either to kill the suspect or be shy and embarrassed, so they took fifty oaths and killed him. They would inform that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ decreed that the oath is stronger when it comes to the evidence of stains and doubts than the statement of the opponent. This was witnessed in the case of Suhaybi when he was killed by the Hattabis and in other incidents as well. Ibn Wahb narrated this from Ibn Abi Al-Zinad, and he added that Muawiyah wrote to Sa'id bin Al-'As saying that if what we mentioned is true, then he should make us swear an oath on the murderer and surrender him to us.  

كَانَ مَنْ أَدْرَكْتُ مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ يَعْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَقُولُونَ يَبْدَأُ بِالْيَمِينِ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ الَّذِينَ يَجِيئُونَ مِنَ الشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى اللَّطْخِ وَالشُّبْهَةِ الْخَفِيَّةِ مَا لَا يَجِيءُ خُصَمَاؤُهُمْ وَحَيْثُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ لَهُمْ قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ وَأَخْبَرَنِي خَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَتَلَ وَهُوَ سَكْرَانُ رَجُلًا ضَرَبَهُ بِشَوْبَقٍ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قَاطِعَةٌ إِلَّا لَطْخٌ أَوْ شَبِيهُ ذَلِكَ وَفِي النَّاسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَمِنْ فُقَهَاءِ النَّاسِ مَا لَا يُحْصَى وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ اثْنَانِ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ وُلَاةُ الْمَقْتُولِ وَيَقْتُلُوا أَوْ يَسْتَحْيُوا فَحَلَفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَقَتَلُوا وَكَانُوا يُخْبِرُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْقَسَامَةِ وَيَرَوْنَهَا لِلَّذِي يَأْتِي بِهِ مِنَ اللَّطْخِ وَالشُّبْهَةِ أَقْوَى مِمَّا يَأْتِي بِهِ خَصْمُهُ وَرَأَوْا ذَلِكَ فِي الصُّهَيْبِيِّ حِينَ قَتَلَهُ الْحَاطِبِيُّونَ وَفِي غَيْرِهِ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ إِنْ كَانَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا لَهُ حَقًّا أَنْ يُحْلِفَنَا عَلَى الْقَاتِلِ ثُمَّ يُسَلَّمَ إِلَيْنَا  

[Machine] And he said, "If his companions provide clear evidence, otherwise people should not be wronged, for this matter will not be resolved until the Day of Judgment."  

وَقَالَ إِنْ وَجَدَ أَصْحَابُهُ بَيِّنَةً وَإِلَّا فَلَا تُظْلَمُ النَّاسُ فَإِنَّ هَذَا لَا يُقْضَى فِيهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ