[Machine] There were some men who had extra land during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and they would rent it out for one-third, one-fourth, or one-half of its produce. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever has extra land, let him cultivate it or give it as a gift to his brother. If he refuses, then let him keep his land."  

كَانَتْ لِرِجَالٍ فُضُولُ أَرَضِينَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانُوا يُؤَاجِرُونَهَا عَلَى الثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالنِّصْفِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَضْلُ أَرْضٍ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيُمْسِكْ أَرْضَهَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ بِشْرٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ كَانَتْ لِرِجَالٍ فُضُولُ أَرَضِينَ فَكَانُوا يَزْرَعُونَهَا بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالنِّصْفِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلْيُمْسِكْ أَرْضَهُ  

We used to get land (on rent) during the lifetime of Allah's Messeuge, ﷺ with a share of one-third or one-fourth (of the produce from the land irrigated) with the help of canals. Thereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up (to address) and said: HRe who has land should cultivate it, and if he does not cultivate it, he should lend it to his brother, and if he does not lend it to his brother, he should then retain it. (Using translation from Muslim 1536t)   

قَالَ سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ يَقُولُ كُنَّا فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ نَأْخُذُ الْأَرْضَ بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ بِالْمَاذِيَانَاتِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَزْرَعْهَا فَلْيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ فَلْيُمْسِكْهَا  

We used to cultivate land on rent during the lifetime of Allah's Apostle ﷺ and we got a share out of the grain left in the ears after threshing them and something unspecified. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: He who has land should cultivate it or let his brother till it, otherwise he should leave it. (Using translation from Muslim 1536s)   

كُنَّا نُخَابِرُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِنَصِيبٍ مِنَ الْقُصَرَّى وَمِنْ كَذَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ فَلْيُحْرِثْهَا أَخَاهُ وَإِلَّا فَلْيَدَعْهَا  

[Machine] We used to go with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on his raids. He came upon some of his Companions and asked them, "What is this?" They replied, "We have slaughtered it for food." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade them to eat it and said, "If any one of you has no food other than meat, he should cut pieces from it (from the three parts mentioned above) and eat. And he should not desire to take a share of it for awarding to his companions who do not own a portion of it."  

كُنَّا نُحَاقِلُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ عُمُومَتِهِ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ اسْمُهُ ظُهَيْرٌ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَنَا نَافِعًا وَطَوَاعِيَةُ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ أَنْفَعُ لَنَا وَأَنْفَعُ قَالَ الْقَوْمُ وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيُزْرِعْهَا أَخَاهُ وَلَا يُكَارِيهَا بِالثُّلُثِ وَلَا بِالرُّبُعِ وَلَا طَعَامٍ مُسَمًّى  

[Machine] "We used to lease land, paying a third or a quarter of its produce as rent and a named food item. On that day, there was neither gold nor silver that we would pay as rent for the land. So I did not realize the day when one of my relatives met me and said, 'The Messenger of Allah has prohibited us from a matter that used to benefit us.' And the obedience to the Messenger of Allah is more beneficial for us than what we used to lease land, paying a third or a quarter of its produce as rent and a named food item." And he prohibited us from that, and the Lord of the land commanded to cultivate it himself or to have it cultivated, and He disliked its leasing, and nothing else besides that.  

كُنَّا نُحَاقِلُ بِالْأَرْضِ فَنُكْرِيهَا عَلَى الثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالطَّعَامِ الْمُسَمَّى وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ذَهَبٌ وَلَا فِضَّةٌ نُكْرِيهَا بِالْأَرْضِ فَمَا شَعَرْتُ يَوْمًا إِذْ لَقِيَنِي بَعْضُ عُمُومَتِي فَقَالَ نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَنَا نَافِعًا وَطَوَاعِيَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْفَعُ لَنَا وَأَنْفَعُ كُنَّا نُحَاقِلُ بِالْأَرْضِ فَنُكْرِيهَا عَلَى الثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالطَّعَامِ الْمُسَمَّى فَنَهَانَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَمَرَ رَبَّ الْأَرْضِ أَنْ يَزْرَعَهَا أَوْ يُزْرِعَهَا وَكَرِهَ كِرَاءَهَا وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] He said, "Verily, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade us from a matter that used to be beneficial for us." Rafi' said, "So I asked him, what did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say? For it is the truth." He said, "Do you see your gardens? What do you do with them?" We said, "We rent them out for a quarter (of the produce) and for the poorest of dates and barley." He said, "Do not do that. Cultivate them or withhold them."  

لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَانَا عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَنَا نَافِعًا قَالَ رَافِعٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَهُوَ الْحَقُّ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ مَحَاقِلَكُمْ مَاذَا تَصْنَعُونَ بِهَا؟ قُلْنَا نُؤَاجِرُهَا عَلَى الرُّبُعِ وَعَلَى الْأَوْسُقِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَالشَّعِيرِ قَالَ فَلَا تَفْعَلُوا ازْرَعُوهَا أَوْ أَمْسِكُوهَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited renting land. I said, "What about gold and silver?" He replied, "As for gold and silver, there is no problem with them."  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَبِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ؟ فَقَالَ أَمَّا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ  

[Machine] There is no harm in it, so I said to him, "Have you heard about the hadith that is narrated by Rafi' ibn Khadeej?" He said, "Rafi' is the most narrating, and if I had a land, I would have rented it out based on the narration of Ibn Bukayr." Al-Shafi'i said, "It could be that Salim heard the news from Rafi' as a whole, and he considered it to be a rental agreement with gold and paper, but he did not see any problem with renting it out with gold and paper, because he knows that land can be rented out with gold and paper, as was clarified by other than Malik ibn Anas from Rafi' that he prohibited renting out the land with some of its produce."  

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَرَأَيْتَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي يُذْكَرُ عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ؟ فَقَالَ أَكْثَرَ رَافِعٌ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ لِي أَرْضٌ أَكْرَيْتُهَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ يَكُونُ سَالِمٌ سَمِعَ عَنْ رَافِعٍ الْخَبَرَ جُمْلَةً فَرَأَى أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَ بِهِ عَلَى الْكِرَاءِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ فَلَمْ يَرَ بِالْكِرَاءِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ بَأْسًا؛ لِأَنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ تُكْرَى بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ وَقَدْ بَيَّنَهُ غَيْرُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ رَافِعٍ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade renting land with some of its produce. He said, "I asked him about renting it with gold and silver, and he said, 'There is no problem with renting it with gold and silver.'"  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا قَالَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ كِرَائِهَا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِكِرَائِهَا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ  

"My paternal uncle told me that they used to lease land at the time of the Messenger of Allah in return for what grew on the banks of the streams, and a share of the crop stipulated by the owner of the land. But the Messenger of Allah forbade us that." I (Hanzalah) said to Rafi': "How about leasing it in return for Dinars and Dirhams?" Rafi' said: "There is nothing wrong with (leasing it) for Dinars and Dirhams." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3898)   

حَدَّثَنِي عَمَّايَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ الْأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِمَّا يُنْبِتُ عَلَى الْأَرْبِعَاءِ أَوْ شَيْءٍ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْضِ فَنَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لِرَافِعٍ كَيْفَ هِيَ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ؟ فَقَالَ رَافِعٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ  

I asked Rafi' b. Khadij about the lease of land for gold and silver (i.e. for dinars and dirhams). There is no harm in it, for the people used to let out land in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for what grew by the current of water and at the banks of streamlets and at the places of cultivation. So sometimes this (portion) perished and that (portion) was saved, and sometimes this remained intact and that perished. There was no (form of) lease among the people except this. Therefore, he forbade it. But if there is something which is secure and known, then there is no harm in it. The tradition of Ibrahim is more perfect. Qutaibah said: "from Hanzalah on the authority of Rafi' ". Abu Dawud said: A similar tradition has been transmitted by Yahya b. Sa'id from Hanzalah. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3392)   

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ يُؤَاجِرُونَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمَاذِيَانَاتِ وَإِقْبَالِ الْجَدَاوِلِ وَأَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ فَيَهْلِكُ هَذَا وَيَسْلَمُ هَذَا وَيَسْلَمُ هَذَا وَيَهْلِكُ هَذَا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلنَّاسِ كِرَاءٌ إِلَّا هَكَذَا؛ فَلِذَلِكَ زَجَرَ عَنْهُ فَأَمَّا شَيْءٌ مَعْلُومٌ مَضْمُونٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ  

We were the major agriculturists of the Ansar and so we let out land (saying): The produce of this (part of land) would be ours and (the produce) of that would be theirs. But it so happened that at times this (land) gave harvest, but the other one produced nothing. So he (the Holy Prophet) forbade this. But so far as the payment in silver (dirham, a coin) is concerned, he did not forbid. (Using translation from Muslim 1547m)   

أَنَّ لَنَا هَذِهِ وَلَهُمْ هَذِهِ فَرُبَّمَا أَخْرَجَتْ هَذِهِ وَلَمْ تُخْرِجْ هَذِهِ فَنَهَانَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَمَّا الْوَرِقُ فَلَمْ يَنْهَنَا  

[Machine] As for gold and paper, they were not present at that time.  

عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَمَّا الذَّهَبُ وَالْوَرِقُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ  

[Machine] He gave her a third, a quarter, and half of his land. He required three conditions and also required the watering of the spring. The living conditions were difficult at that time. He said, "We used to work in it with iron and with what Allah willed, and we would benefit from it." Then, Rafee' bin Khadeej came to us and said, "Verily, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbids you from a matter that was beneficial to you, and obedience to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is more beneficial to you. For he forbids you from plowing the field and says, 'Whoever can do without his land should grant it to his brother or abandon it.'" And he forbids you from al-Muzabanah, which is when a man has a great amount of wealth from date palms and someone comes to him and says, 'I took this much and watered it with dates.'  

عَنْ أَرْضِهِ أَعْطَاهَا بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالنِّصْفِ وَيَشْتَرِطُ ثَلَاثَ جَدَاوِلَ وَيَشْتَرِطُ الْقُصَارَةَ وَمَا سَقَى الرَّبِيعُ وَكَانَ الْعَيْشُ إِذْ ذَاكَ شَدِيدًا قَالَ وَكُنَّا نَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِالْحَدِيدِ وَبِمَا شَاءَ اللهُ وَنُصِيبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَنْفَعَةً فَأَتَانَا رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَمْرٍ كَانَ لَكُمْ نَافِعًا وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْفَعُ لَكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الْحَقْلِ وَيَقُولُ مَنِ اسْتَغْنَى عَنْ أَرْضِهِ فَلْيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ أَوْ لَيَدَعْ وَيَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلرَّجُلِ الْمَالُ الْعَظِيمُ مِنَ النَّخْلِ فَيَأْتِيهِ الرَّجُلُ فَيَقُولُ قَدْ أَخَذْتُهُ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا وَسْقِ تَمْرٍ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muhaqalah and muzabanah. Those who cultivate land are three: a man who has (his own) land and he tills it: a man who has been lent land and he tills the one lent to him; a man who employs another man to till land against gold (dinars) or silver (dirhams). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3400)   

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا يَزْرَعُ ثَلَاثَةٌ رَجُلٌ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَيَزْرَعُهَا وَرَجُلٌ مُنِحَ أَرْضًا فَهُوَ يَزْرَعُ مَا مُنِحَ وَرَجُلٌ اكْتَرَى أَرْضًا بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ  

Rafi' had cultivated a land. The Prophet ﷺ passed him when he was watering it. So he asked him: To whom does the crop belong, and to whom does the land belong? He replied: The crop is mine for my seed and labour. The half (of the crop) is mine and the half for so-and-so. He said: You conducted usurious transaction. Return the land to its owner and take your wages and cost. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3402)   

أَنَّهُ زَرَعَ أَرْضًا فَمَرَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَسْقِيهَا فَسَأَلَهُ لِمَنِ الزَّرْعُ؟ وَلِمَنِ الْأَرْضُ؟ فَقَالَ زَرْعِي بِبَذْرِي وَعَمَلِي لِي الشَّطْرُ وَلِبَنِي فُلَانٍ الشَّطْرُ فَقَالَ أَرْبَيْتُمَا فَرُدَّ الْأَرْضَ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا وَخُذْ نَفَقَتَكَ  

[Machine] He said, "People used to irrigate the farms with what is on the ankle and with what rises from the water around the plants, which was from the crops. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade them from doing so and commanded them to irrigate with gold and leaves."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَانَ النَّاسُ يُكْرُونَ الْمَزَارِعَ بِمَا يَكُونُ عَلَى السَّاقِي وَبِمَا صَعِدَ بِالْمَاءِ مِمَّا حَوْلَ النَّبْتِ كَانَ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ فَنَهَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُكْرُوا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade mukhabarah. I asked: What is mukhabarah ? He replied: That you have the land (for cultivation) for half, a third, or a quarter (of the produce). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3407)   

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُخَابَرَةِ قُلْتُ وَمَا الْمُخَابَرَةُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْأَرْضَ بِنِصْفٍ أَوْ ثُلُثٍ أَوْ رُبُعٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited farming and instructed us to seek rental agreements, and he said there is no harm in it.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَارَعَةِ أَمَرَنَا بِالْمُؤَاجَرَةِ وَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا  

[Machine] My land and my camel are equal.  

أَرْضِي وَبَعِيرِي سَوَاءٌ  

[Machine] About Salim, like him.  

عَنْ سَالِمٍ مِثْلَهُ