53. Sūrat al-Najm

٥٣۔ سُورَةُ النَّجْم

53.1 Scene of the first revelation, brought by angel Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). God gave him a tour of heavens, paradise and other great signs.

٥٣۔١ مقطع في سُورَةُ النَّجْم

quran:53:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

By the star when it descends,  

By the Star — the constellation Pleiades (al-thurayya) — when it sets, ˹when˺ it disappears,
القرآن:٥٣:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ  

{والنَّجم} الثريا {إذا هوى} غاب.
quran:53:2

Your companion ˹Muhammad˺ has not strayed, nor has he erred,  

your companion, Muhammad (s), may God bless him and grant him peace, has neither gone astray, from the path of guidance, nor has he erred, nor has he engaged in error (al-ghayy is ignorance that results from a false belief);
القرآن:٥٣:٢

مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَىٰ  

{ما ضل صاحبكم} محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام عن طريق الهداية {وما غوى} ما لابس الغي وهو جهل من اعتقاد فاسد.
quran:53:3

Nor does he speak from ˹his own˺ inclination.  

nor does he, in regard to what he brings you, speak out of ˹his own˺ desire, ˹out of˺ the whims of his soul.
القرآن:٥٣:٣

وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَىٰ  

{وما ينطق} بما يأتيكم به {عن الهوى} هوى نفسه.
quran:53:4

It is not but a revelation revealed,  

It is but a revelation that is revealed, to him,
القرآن:٥٣:٤

إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَىٰ  

{إن} ما {هو إلا وحي يوحى} إليه.
quran:53:5

Taught to him by one intense in strength -  

it is, taught to him by, an angel, one of awesome power,
القرآن:٥٣:٥

عَلَّمَهُ شَدِيدُ الْقُوَىٰ  

{علمه} إياه ملك {شديد القوى}.
quran:53:6

One of soundness. And he rose to ˹his˺ true form  

possessed of vigour, of strength and might (or ˹alternatively it, dhū mirratin, means˺ possessed of a beautiful appearance), namely, Gabriel, peace be upon him; and he stood upright, he settled,
القرآن:٥٣:٦

ذُو مِرَّةٍ فَاسْتَوَىٰ  

{ذو مرة} قوة وشدة أو منظر حسن، أي جبريل عليه السلام {فاستوى} استقر.
quran:53:7

While he was in the higher ˹part of the˺ horizon.  

when he was on the highest horizon, the horizon of the sun, that is to say, at the place from which it rises, in the form in which he ˹Gabriel˺ was created, so that the Prophet (s) saw him; he ˹the Prophet˺ had been at ˹Mount˺ Hirā’, where Gabriel had obscured the entire horizon to the west. The Prophet fell down swooning, after he had asked him ˹Gabriel˺ to show himself to him in the form in which he was created. Thus Gabriel had made a tryst with him at Hirā’, where he came down to him in human form.
القرآن:٥٣:٧

وَهُوَ بِالْأُفُقِ الْأَعْلَىٰ  

{وهو بالأفق الأعلى} أفق الشمس، أي عند مطلعها على صورته التي خلق عليها فرآه النبي ﷺ وكان بحراء قد سد الأفق إلى المغرب فخر مغشيا عليه وكان قد سأله أن يريه نفسه على صورته التي خلق عليها فواعده بحراء فنزل جبريل له في سورة الآدميين.
quran:53:8

Then he approached and descended  

Then he drew near, he came close to him, and drew closer still,
القرآن:٥٣:٨

ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّىٰ  

{ثم دنا} قرب منه {فتدلى} زاد في القرب.
quran:53:9

And was at a distance of two bow lengths or nearer.  

until he was, from him ˹the Prophet˺, within the length of two bows away or ˹even˺ nearer, than that, until he ˹the Prophet˺ had regained consciousness and his fright had subsided,
القرآن:٥٣:٩

فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنَىٰ  

{فكان} منه {قاب} قدر {قوسين أو أدنى} من ذلك حتى أفاق وسكن روعه.
quran:53:10

And he revealed to His Servant what he revealed.  

whereat He, ˹God˺ exalted be He, revealed to His servant, Gabriel, what he, Gabriel, revealed, to the Prophet (s); the thing being revealed is not mentioned ˹explicitly˺ in exaltation of its ˹great˺ status.
القرآن:٥٣:١٠

فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ مَا أَوْحَىٰ  

{فأوحى} تعالى {إلى عبده} جبريل {ما أوحى} جبريل إلى النبي ﷺ ولم يذكر الموحي تفخيما لشأنه.
quran:53:11

The heart did not lie ˹about˺ what it saw.  

The heart, the heart of the Prophet, did not deny (read khadhaba or kadhdhaba) what he saw, with his own eyes of the image of Gabriel.
القرآن:٥٣:١١

مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَىٰ  

{ما كذب} بالتخفيف والتشديد أنكر {الفؤاد} فؤاد النبي {ما رأى} ببصره من صورة جبريل.
quran:53:12

So will you dispute with him over what he saw?  

Will you then dispute with him, will you ˹then˺ argue with him and ˹hope to˺ overwhelm him, concerning what he saw? — an address to the idolaters who denied the Prophet’s (s) vision of Gabriel.
القرآن:٥٣:١٢

أَفَتُمَارُونَهُ عَلَىٰ مَا يَرَىٰ  

{أفتمارونه} تجادلونه وتغلبونه {على ما يرى} خطاب للمشركين المنكرين رؤية النبي ﷺ لجبريل.
quran:53:13

And he certainly saw him in another descent  

And verily he saw him, in his ˹true˺ image, another time,
القرآن:٥٣:١٣

وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَىٰ  

{ولقد رآه} على صورته {نزلةً} مرة {أخرى}.
quran:53:14

At the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary -  

by the Lote-tree of the Ultimate Boundary, when he was carried on the night journey ˹up˺ through the heavens — this ˹lote-tree˺ is a nabk thorn-tree ˹that lies˺ to the right of the Throne (‘arsh), ˹the tree˺ beyond which no angel or any other being pass;
القرآن:٥٣:١٤

عِنْدَ سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَىٰ  

{عند سدرة المنتهى} لما أسري به في السماوات، وهي شجرة نبق عن يمين العرش لا يتجاوزها أحد من الملائكة وغيرهم.
quran:53:15

Near it is the Garden of Refuge -  

near which is the Garden of the Retreat, to which the angels, the spirits of martyrs and the pious retreat;
القرآن:٥٣:١٥

عِنْدَهَا جَنَّةُ الْمَأْوَىٰ  

{عندها جنة المأوى} تأوي إليها الملائكة وأرواح الشهداء والمتقين.
quran:53:16

When there covered the Lote Tree that which covered ˹it˺.  

when there shrouded the Lote-tree that which shrouded ˹it˺, of flying creatures and other ˹beings˺ (idh, ‘when’, is operated by ra’āhu, ‘he saw him’),
القرآن:٥٣:١٦

إِذْ يَغْشَى السِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَىٰ  

{إذ} حين {يغشى السدرة ما يغشى} من طير وغيره، وإذ معمولة لرآه.
quran:53:17

The sight ˹of the Prophet˺ did not swerve, nor did it transgress ˹its limit˺.  

The eye did not swerve, on the part of the Prophet (s), nor did it go beyond ˹the bounds˺, that is to say, his gaze did not turn away from the object of vision designated for it, nor did it go beyond that ˹object˺ on that night.
القرآن:٥٣:١٧

مَا زَاغَ الْبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَىٰ  

{ما زاغ البصر} من النبي ﷺ {وما طغى} أي ما مال بصره عن مرئيه المقصود له ولا جاوزه تلك الليلة.
quran:53:18

He certainly saw of the greatest signs of his Lord.  

Verily he saw, in it, some of the greatest signs of his Lord, ˹some of˺ the most awesome ˹of these signs˺. He thus saw from among the marvels of the Realm (malakūt) a green drape (rafraf) that obscured the ˹entire˺ horizon of the heaven and Gabriel with his six hundred wings.
القرآن:٥٣:١٨

لَقَدْ رَأَىٰ مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَىٰ  

{لقد رأى} فيها {من آيات ربه الكبرى} العظام، أي بعضها فرأى من عجائب الملكوت رفرفا أخضر سد أفق السماء وجبريل له ستمائة جناح.