“We hoped that when he died it would be as a martyr in the cause of Allah.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “In that case the martyrs of my nation would be few. Being killed in the cause of Allah is martyrdom; dying of the plague is martyrdom; when a pregnant woman dies in childbirth that is martyrdom; and dying of drowning, or burning, or of pleurisy, is martyrdom.”  

أَنَّهُ مَرِضَ فَأَتَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعُودُهُ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ إِنْ كُنَّا لَنَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونَ وَفَاتُهُ قَتْلَ شَهَادَةٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ شُهَدَاءَ أُمَّتِي إِذًا لَقَلِيلٌ الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ شَهَادَةٌ وَالْمَطْعُونُ شَهَادَةٌ وَالْمَرْأَةُ تَمُوتُ بِجُمْعٍ شَهَادَةٌ يَعْنِي الْحَامِلَ وَالْغَرِقُ وَالْحَرِقُ وَالْمَجْنُوبُ يَعْنِي ذَاتَ الْجَنْبِ شَهَادَةٌ  

“What do you say among yourselves about the martyr?” They said: “The one who is killed in the cause of Allah.” He said: “In that case the martyrs among my nation would be few. Whoever is killed in the cause of Allah is a martyr; whoever dies in the cause of Allah is a martyr; whoever dies of a stomach disease is a martyr; and whoever dies of the plague is a martyr.” Another chain narrates with the addition of "and the drowned is a martyr."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي الشَّهِيدِ فِيكُمْ قَالُوا الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ شُهَدَاءَ أُمَّتِي إِذًا لَقَلِيلٌ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ وَمَنْ مَاتَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ وَالْمَبْطُونُ شَهِيدٌ وَالْمَطْعُونُ شَهِيدٌ قَالَ سُهَيْلٌ وَأَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مِقْسَمٍ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ وَزَادَ فِيهِ وَالْغَرِقُ شَهِيدٌ  

It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah on the day of the Conquest, with a helmet on his head.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ الْمِغْفَرُ  

It was narrated from Sa’ib bin Yazid, if Allah wills, that the Prophet ﷺ wore two coats of mail on the Day of Uhud, one over the other.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ أَخَذَ دِرْعَيْنِ كَأَنَّهُ ظَاهَرَ بَيْنَهُمَا  

“We entered upon Abu Umamah and he saw some silver ornaments on our swords. He got angry and said: ‘People conquered lands and their swords were not adorned with gold and silver, but with lead and iron and ‘Alabi.’”  

دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي أُمَامَةَ فَرَأَى فِي سُيُوفِنَا شَيْئًا مِنْ حِلْيَةِ فِضَّةٍ فَغَضِبَ وَقَالَ لَقَدْ فَتَحَ الْفُتُوحَ قَوْمٌ مَا كَانَ حِلْيَةُ سُيُوفِهِمْ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَلَكِنِ الآنُكُ وَالْحَدِيدُ وَالْعَلاَبِيُّ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ الْعَلاَبِيُّ الْعَصَبُ  

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ acquired his sword Dhulfiqar, from the spoils of war on the Day of badr.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَنَفَّلَ سَيْفَهُ ذَا الْفِقَارِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ  

“When Mughirah bin Shu’bah fought alongside the Prophet ﷺ he would carry a spear, and when he would come back he would throw his spear down so that someone would pick it up and give it back to him.” ‘Ali said to him: “I will tell the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that.” He (the Prophet ﷺ) said: “Do not do that, for it you do that it will not be picked up as a lost item to be returned.”  

كَانَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ إِذَا غَزَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَمَلَ مَعَهُ رُمْحًا فَإِذَا رَجَعَ طَرَحَ رُمْحَهُ حَتَّى يُحْمَلَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ لأَذْكُرَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لاَ تَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ فَعَلْتَ لَمْ تُرْفَعْ ضَالَّةٌ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had an Arabian bow in his hand, and he saw a man who had a Persian bow in his hand. He said: ‘What is this? Throw it away. You should use this and others like it, and Qana* spears. Perhaps Allah will support His religion thereby and enable you to conquer lands.’”  

كَانَتْ بِيَدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْسٌ عَرَبِيَّةٌ فَرَأَى رَجُلاً بِيَدِهِ قَوْسٌ فَارِسِيَّةٌ فَقَالَ مَا هَذِهِ أَلْقِهَا وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِهَذِهِ وَأَشْبَاهِهَا وَرِمَاحِ الْقَنَا فَإِنَّهُمَا يَزِيدُ اللَّهُ بِهِمَا فِي الدِّينِ وَيُمَكِّنُ لَكُمْ فِي الْبِلاَدِ  

“Allah will admit three people to Paradise by virtue of one arrow: The one who makes it, seeking reward by making it well; the one who shoots it; and the one who hands it to him.” And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Shoot and ride, and if you shoot that is dearer to me than if you ride. All things that a Muslim man does for entertainment are in vain except for shooting arrows, training his horse and playing with his wife, for these are things that bring reward.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُدْخِلُ بِالسَّهْمِ الْوَاحِدِ الثَّلاَثَةَ الْجَنَّةَ صَانِعَهُ يَحْتَسِبُ فِي صَنْعَتِهِ الْخَيْرَ وَالرَّامِيَ بِهِ وَالْمُمِدَّ بِهِ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ارْمُوا وَارْكَبُوا وَأَنْ تَرْمُوا أَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَرْكَبُوا وَكُلُّ مَا يَلْهُو بِهِ الْمَرْءُ الْمُسْلِمُ بَاطِلٌ إِلاَّ رَمْيَهُ بِقَوْسِهِ وَتَأْدِيبَهُ فَرَسَهُ وَمُلاَعَبَتَهُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَإِنَّهُنَّ مِنَ الْحَقِّ  

“I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ‘Whoever shoots an arrow at the enemy and his arrow reaches the enemy, whether it hits him or not, that is equivalent to him freeing a slave.’”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَمَى الْعَدُوَّ بِسَهْمٍ فَبَلَغَ سَهْمُهُ الْعَدُوَّ أَصَابَ أَوْ أَخْطَأَ فَيَعْدِلُ رَقَبَةً  

“I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reciting on the pulpit: ‘And make ready against them all you can of power.’[8:60] (And saying that) three times – ‘Power means shooting.”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ {وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ} أَلاَ وَإِنَّ الْقُوَّةَ الرَّمْىُ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ  

“I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ‘Whoever learns how to shoot (arrows) then abandons it, has disobeyed me.’”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ الرَّمْىَ ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ فَقَدْ عَصَانِي  

“The Prophet ﷺ passed by some people who were shooting (arrows) and said: ‘Shoot, Banu Isma’il, for your father was an archer.’”  

مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِنَفَرٍ يَرْمُونَ فَقَالَ رَمْيًا بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَإِنَّ أَبَاكُمْ كَانَ رَامِيًا  

“I came to Al-Madinah and saw the Prophet ﷺ standing on the pulpit, and Bilal standing in front of him, with his sword by his side, and (I saw) a black flag. I said: ‘Who is this?’ He said: ‘This is ‘Amr bin ‘As, who has just come back from a campaign.’”  

قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَائِمًا عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ وَبِلاَلٌ قَائِمٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مُتَقَلِّدٌ سَيْفًا وَإِذَا رَايَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا قَالُوا هَذَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ قَدِمَ مِنْ غَزَاةٍ  

It was narrated from Jabir bin ‘Abdullah that the Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah on the Day of the Conquest, and his standard was white.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَلِوَاؤُهُ أَبْيَضُ  

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the flag of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was black, and his standard was white.  

أَنَّ رَايَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ سَوْدَاءَ وَلِوَاؤُهُ أَبْيَضُ  

“The Prophet ﷺ used to wear this when he met the enemy.”  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَلْبَسُ هَذِهِ إِذَا لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to forbid that to us.”  

عَنِ الْحَرِيرِ وَالدِّيبَاجِ إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ هَكَذَا ثُمَّ أَشَارَ بِإِصْبَعِهِ ثُمَّ الثَّانِيَةِ ثُمَّ الثَّالِثَةِ ثُمَّ الرَّابِعَةِ وَقَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْهَانَا عَنْهُ  

“It is as if I can see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, wearing a black turban, with its two ends hanging between his shoulders.”  

كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ قَدْ أَرْخَى طَرَفَيْهَا بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ  

It was narrated from Jabir that the Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah wearing a black turban.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ وَعَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ  

“I saw a man asking my father about a man who goes out to fight and buys and sells and trades during his campaign. My father said to him: ‘We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Tabuk, and we bought and sold, and he saw us and did not forbid us (to do that).’”  

عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَغْزُو فَيَشْتَرِي وَيَبِيعُ وَيَتَّجِرُ فِي غَزْوِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِي كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتَبُوكَ نَشْتَرِي وَنَبِيعُ وَهُوَ يَرَانَا وَلاَ يَنْهَانَا  

“For me to hive a good send-off to a warrior who is going to fight in the cause of Allah, and to guard his goods when he goes out in the morning or evening, is dearer to me than this world and everything in it.”  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لأَنْ أُشَيِّعَ مُجَاهِدًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَأَكُفَّهُ عَلَى رَحْلِهِ غَدْوَةً أَوْ رَوْحَةً أَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave me a send-off and said: ‘I command you to Allah’s keeping, Whose trust is never lost.’”  

وَدَّعَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَسْتَوْدِعُكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لاَ تَضِيعُ وَدَائِعُهُ  

“When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would dispatch troops, he would say to the leader: ‘I commend to Allah’s keeping your religious commitment, your dignity and the end of your deeds.’”  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَشْخَصَ السَّرَايَا يَقُولُ لِلشَّاخِصِ أَسْتَوْدِعُ اللَّهَ دِينَكَ وَأَمَانَتَكَ وَخَوَاتِيمَ عَمَلِكَ  

“O Aktham! Fight alongside people other than your own, it will improve your attitude and make you generous to your companions. O Aktham, the best number of companions is four, the best number of troops on an expedition is four hundred, the best number of an army is four thousand, and twelve thousand will never be overpowered because of their small number.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لأَكْثَمَ بْنِ الْجَوْنِ الْخُزَاعِيِّ يَا أَكْثَمُ اغْزُ مَعَ غَيْرِ قَوْمِكَ يَحْسُنْ خُلُقُكَ وَتَكْرُمْ عَلَى رُفَقَائِكَ يَا أَكْثَمُ خَيْرُ الرُّفَقَاءِ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَخَيْرُ السَّرَايَا أَرْبَعُمِائَةٍ وَخَيْرُ الْجُيُوشِ أَرْبَعَةُ آلاَفٍ وَلَنْ يُغْلَبَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفًا مِنْ قِلَّةٍ  

“We were talking about how, on the Day of Badr, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ numbered three hundred ten and something, the same number as the Companions of (Talut) who crossed the river with him, and no one crossed the river with him but a believer.”  

أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ثَلاَثَمِائَةٍ وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَصْحَابِ طَالُوتَ مَنْ جَازَ مَعَهُ النَّهَرَ وَمَا جَازَ مَعَهُ إِلاَّ مُؤْمِنٌ  

“I heard Abul-Ward, the Companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, say: ‘Beware of the troop which, when it meets (the enemy) it flees, and when it takes spoils of war, it steals from it.’”  

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْوَرْدِ صَاحِبَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِيَّاكُمْ وَالسَّرِيَّةَ الَّتِي إِنْ لَقِيَتْ فَرَّتْ وَإِنْ غَنِمَتْ غَلَّتْ  

“I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the food of the Christians and he said: ‘Do not have any doubt about food, (thereby) following the way of the Christians in that.’”  

سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ طَعَامِ النَّصَارَى فَقَالَ لاَ يَخْتَلِجَنَّ فِي صَدْرِكَ طَعَامٌ ضَارَعْتَ فِيهِ نَصْرَانِيَّةً  

“I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Can we cook in the vessels of the idolaters?’ He said: ‘Do not cook in them.’ I said: ‘What if we need them and cannot find anything else?’ He said: ‘Wash them well, then cook and eat.’”  

أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قُدُورُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ نَطْبُخُ فِيهَا قَالَ لاَ تَطْبُخُوا فِيهَا قُلْتُ فَإِنِ احْتَجْنَا إِلَيْهَا فَلَمْ نَجِدْ مِنْهَا بُدًّا قَالَ فَارْحَضُوهَا رَحْضًا حَسَنًا ثُمَّ اطْبُخُوا وَكُلُوا  

‘We do not seek the help of the polytheist.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّا لاَ نَسْتَعِينُ بِمُشْرِكٍ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ أَوْ زَيْدٍ  

“War is deceit.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْحَرْبُ خُدْعَةٌ  

“War is deceit.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْحَرْبُ خُدْعَةٌ  

“I heard Abu Dharr swearing that these verses were revealed concerning those six people on the Day of Badr: ‘These two opponents (believers and disbelievers) dispute with each other about their Lord.”[22:19] to the words “Verily, Allah does what he wills.’[22:14] (that is) Hamzah bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib, ‘Ali bin Abi Talib, ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Harith, ‘Utbah bin Rabi’ah, Shaibah bin Rabi’ah and Al-Walid bin ‘Utbah. They argued with one another on the Day of Badr.”  

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ يُقْسِمُ لَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَاتُ فِي هَؤُلاَءِ الرَّهْطِ السِّتَّةِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ {هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ} فِي حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَعُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ وَعُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَشَيْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَالْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي الْحُجَجِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ  

“I fought a man and killed him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ awarded me his spoils.”  

بَارَزْتُ رَجُلاً فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَنَفَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَلَبَهُ  

It was narrated from Abu Muhammad, the freed slave of Abu Qatadah (from Abu Qatadah) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ awarded him the spoils of a man whom he killed on the Day of Hunain.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَهُ سَلَبَ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَهُ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Whoever kills, the spoils are his.’”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ فَلَهُ السَّلَبُ  

“Sa’b bin Jaththamah said: ‘The Prophet ﷺ was asked about the polytheists who are attacked at night, and their women and children are killed.’ He said: ‘They are from among them.’”  

سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُبَيَّتُونَ فَيُصَابُ النِّسَاءُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ قَالَ هُمْ مِنْهُمْ  

“We attacked Hawazin, with Abu Bakr, during the time of the Prophet ﷺ, and we arrived at an oasis belonging to Bani Fazarah during the last part of the night. We attacked at dawn, raiding the people of the oasis, and killed them, nine or seven households.”  

غَزَوْنَا مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ هَوَازِنَ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَيْنَا مَاءً لِبَنِي فَزَارَةَ فَعَرَّسْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الصُّبْحُ شَنَنَّاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ غَارَةً فَأَتَيْنَا أَهْلَ مَاءٍ فَبَيَّتْنَاهُمْ فَقَتَلْنَاهُمْ تِسْعَةً أَوْ سَبْعَةَ أَبْيَاتٍ  

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Prophet ﷺ saw a woman who had been killed on the road, and he forbade killing women and children.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى امْرَأَةً مَقْتُولَةً فِي بَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ فَنَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ  

“We went out to fight alongside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and we passed by a slain woman whom the people had gathered around. They parted (to let the Prophet ﷺ through) and he said: ‘This (woman) was not one of those who were fighting.’ Then he said to a man: ‘Go to Khalid bin Walid and tell him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commands you: “Do not kill any children or women, or any (farm) laborer.’” Another chain reports a similar hadith.  

غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَرَرْنَا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مَقْتُولَةٍ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهَا النَّاسُ فَأَفْرَجُوا لَهُ فَقَالَ (مَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ تُقَاتِلُ فِيمَنْ يُقَاتِلُ) ثُمَّ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ (انْطَلِقْ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُكَ يَقُولُ لاَ تَقْتُلَنَّ ذُرِّيَّةً وَلاَ عَسِيفًا) حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الْمُرَقَّعِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ رَبَاحِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ يُخْطِئُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِيهِ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to a village called Ubna, and said: “Go to Ubna in the morning and burn it.’”  

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُبْنَى فَقَالَ ائْتِ أُبْنَى صَبَاحًا ثُمَّ حَرِّقْ  

“What you (O Muslims) cut down of the palm trees (of the enemy), or you left them standing...” [59:5]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَرَّقَ نَخْلَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَقَطَعَ وَهِيَ الْبُوَيْرَةُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ لِينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً } الآيَةَ  

“It is easy for the elite of Banu Luai – To burn Al-Buwairah in a Frightening manner.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَرَّقَ نَخْلَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَقَطَعَ وَفِيهِ يَقُولُ شَاعِرُهُمْ فَهَانَ عَلَى سَرَاةِ بَنِي لُؤَىٍّ حَرِيقٌ بِالْبُوَيْرَةِ مُسْتَطِيرُ  

“We attacked, Hawazin at the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with Aby Bakr. He awarded me a slave girl from Banu Fazarah, among the most beautiful of the Arabs, who was wearing an animal skin of hers. I did not divest her of her clothing until I reached Al-Madinah. Then the Prophet ﷺ met me in the marketplace, and said: ‘By Alla, give her to me.’ So I gave her to him, and he sent her as a ransom for some of the Muslim prisoners who were in Makkah.”  

غَزَوْنَا مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ هَوَازِنَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَفَّلَنِي جَارِيَةً مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ مِنْ أَجْمَلِ الْعَرَبِ عَلَيْهَا قِشْعٌ لَهَا فَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا عَنْ ثَوْبٍ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي السُّوقِ فَقَالَ لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ هَبْهَا لِي فَوَهَبْتُهَا لَهُ فَبَعَثَ بِهَا فَفَادَى بِهَا أُسَارَى مِنْ أُسَارَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا بِمَكَّةَ  

“And a slave of his absconded and joined up with the Romans, then the Muslims defeated them, and Khalid bin Walid returned him to me, after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.”  

ذَهَبَتْ فَرَسٌ لَهُ فَأَخَذَهَا الْعَدُوُّ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَأَبَقَ عَبْدٌ لَهُ فَلَحِقَ بِالرُّومِ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ  

“A man from (the tribe of) Ashja’ died in Khaibar, and the Prophet ﷺ said: ‘Offer the funeral prayer for your companion.’ The people found that strange.* When he saw that, he said: ‘Your companion stole from the spoils of war (when fighting) in the cause of Allah.’”  

النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ فَأَنْكَرَ النَّاسُ ذَلِكَ وَتَغَيَّرَتْ لَهُ وُجُوهُهُمْ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ إِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ غَلَّ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَالْتَمَسُوا فِي مَتَاعِهِ فَإِذَا خَرَزَاتٌ مِنْ خَرَزِ يَهُودَ مَا تُسَاوِي دِرْهَمَيْنِ  

“There was a man called Kirkah in charge of the goods of the Prophet ﷺ, who died. The Prophet ﷺ said: ‘He is in Hell.’ They went and looked, and found him wearing a garment or a cloak that he had stolen from the spoils of war.”  

كَانَ عَلَى ثَقَلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ كِرْكِرَةُ فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هُوَ فِي النَّارِ فَذَهَبُوا يَنْظُرُونَ فَوَجَدُوا عَلَيْهِ كِسَاءً أَوْ عَبَاءَةً قَدْ غَلَّهَا  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in prayer on the Day of Hunain, beside a camel that was part of the spoils of war. Then he took something from the camel, and extracted from it a hair, which he placed between two of his fingers. Then he said: ‘O people, this is part of your spoils of war. Hand over a needle and thread and anything greater than that or less than that. For stealing from the spoils of war will be a source of shame for those who do it, and ignominy and Fire, on the Day of Resurrection.’”  

صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِلَى جَنْبِ بَعِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَقَاسِمِ ثُمَّ تَنَاوَلَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْبَعِيرِ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ قَرَدَةً يَعْنِي وَبَرَةً فَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ هَذَا مِنْ غَنَائِمِكُمْ أَدُّوا الْخَيْطَ وَالْمِخْيَطَ فَمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَمَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ الْغُلُولَ عَارٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشَنَارٌ وَنَارٌ  

It was narrated from Habib bin Maslamah that the Prophet ﷺ awarded one third (of the spoils of war) after the one fifth (had been taken).  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ  

It was narrated from ‘Ubadah bin Samit that the Prophet ﷺ awarded one quarter of the spoils to those who attacked the enemy at the beginning and one third to those who attacked at the end.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَفَّلَ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَفِي الرَّجْعَةِ الثُّلُثَ