[Machine] Some people disagreed with us about the apostasy, and their argument was something.  

فَخَالَفَنَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي الْمُرْتَدَّةِ وَكَانَتْ حُجَّتُهُ شَيْئًا  

[Machine] "In regards to Abu Bakr"  

عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ  

[Machine] It is called Umm Qirfat, she denied her faith after accepting Islam, so Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq called her to repent, but when she did not repent, he killed her. Al-Layth said, "This is what we have heard and it is my opinion." Ibn Wahb also said the same, and Malik said something similar. Al-Shafi'i said, "We cannot use it as evidence because it is weak according to the scholars of Hadith." The sheikh said, "Its weakness is due to its discontinuation, although we have narrated it from two different narrators."  

يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ قِرْفَةَ كَفَرَتْ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهَا فَاسْتَتَابَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ فَلَمْ تَتُبْ فَقَتَلَهَا قَالَ اللَّيْثُ وَذَاكَ الَّذِي سَمِعْنَا وَهُوَ رَأْيِي قَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ وَقَالَ لِي مَالِكٌ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَمَا كَانَ لَنَا أَنْ نَحْتَجَّ بِهِ إِذْ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ ضَعْفُهُ فِي انْقِطَاعِهِ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ مُرْسَلَيْنِ  

[Machine] Uthman ibn Affan used to say this about those who disbelieved after having belief.  

عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ كَانَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever remains behind has been released from his obligation."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ أَبَقَ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّةُ  

When a slave runs away and reverts to polytheism, he may lawfully be killed. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4360)   

سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِذَا أَبَقَ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى الشِّرْكِ فَقَدْ حَلَّ دَمُهُ  

[Machine] "He who changes his religion, kill him." This narration is transmitted to us by Ikrimah from Ibn Abbas, and it is also transmitted to us by Ibn Mas'ud and Aisha from the Prophet ﷺ  

ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَرُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَائِشَةَ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

Anas bin Malik said “The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ entered Makkah in the year of the conquest (of Makkah) wearing a helmet on his head. When he took off it a man came to him and said “Ibn Akhtal is hanging with the curtains of the Ka’bah.” He said “Kill him”. Abu Dawud said “The name of Ibn Akhtal is ‘Abd Allaah and Abu Barzat Al Aslami killed him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2685)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ مَكَّةَ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ مِغْفَرٌ فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ابْنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اقْتُلُوهُ  

"On the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah [SAW] granted amnesty to the people, except four men and two women. He said: 'Kill them, even if you find them clinging to the covers of Ka'bah.' (They were) 'Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, 'Abdullah bin Khatal, Miqyas bin Subabah and 'Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi As-Sarh. 'Abdullah bin Khatl was caught while he was clinging to the covers of Ka'bah. Sa'eed bin Huraith and 'Ammar bin Yasir both rushed toward him, but Sa'eed, who was the younger of the two, got there before 'Ammar, and he killed him. Miqyas bin Subabah was caught by the people in the marketplace, and they killed him. 'Ikrimah traveled by sea, and he was caught in a storm. The crew of the ship said: 'Turn sincerely toward Allah, for your (false) gods cannot help you at all in this situation.' 'Ikrimah said: 'By Allah, if nothing came to save me at sea except sincerity toward Allah then nothing else will save me on land. O Allah, I promise You that if You save me from this predicament I will go to Muhammad [SAW] and put my hand in his, and I am sure that I will find him generous and forgiving.' So he came, and accepted Islam. 'Abdullah (bin Sa'd) bin Abi Sarh hid in the house of 'Uthman bin 'Affan, and when the Messenger of Allah [SAW] called the people to give their Oath of Allegiance, he brought him, and made him stand before the Prophet [SAW]. He ('Uthman) said: 'O Messenger of Allah! Accept the allegiance of 'Abdullah.' He raised his head and looked at him three times, refusing his allegiance each time, then he accepted his allegiance after three times. Then he turned to his Companions and said: 'Was there not any sensible man among you who would get up when he saw me refusing to give him my hand and kill him?' They said: 'We did not know, O Messenger of Allah, what was in your heart. Why did you not gesture to us with your eyes?' He said: 'It is not befitting for a Prophet that his eyes be deceitful.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4067)   

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ آمَنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ وَقَالَ اقْتُلُوهُمْ وَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ مُتَعَلِّقِينَ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ خَطَلٍ وَمَقِيسُ بْنُ صُبَابَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ فَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ خَطَلٍ فَأُدْرِكَ وَهُوَ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَاسْتَبَقَ إِلَيْهِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَعَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ فَسَبَقَ سَعِيدٌ عَمَّارًا وَكَانَ أَشَبَّ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَقَتَلَهُ وَأَمَّا مَقِيسُ بْنُ صُبَابَةَ فَأَدْرَكَهُ النَّاسُ فِي السُّوقِ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَمَّا عِكْرِمَةُ فَرَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَصَابَتْهُمْ عَاصِفٌ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ السَّفِينَةِ لِأَهْلِ السَّفِينَةِ أَخْلِصُوا فَإِنَّ آلِهَتَكُمْ لَا تُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا هَاهُنَا قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَاللهِ لَئِنْ لَمْ يُنَجِّنِي فِي الْبَحْرِ إِلَّا الْإِخْلَاصُ لَا يُنَجِّينِي فِي الْبَرِّ غَيْرُهُ اللهُمَّ إِنَّ لَكَ عَلَيَّ عَهْدًا إِنْ أَنْتَ عَافَيْتَنِي مِمَّا أَنَا فِيهِ أَنْ آتِيَ مُحَمَّدًا حَتَّى أَضَعَ يَدِي فِي يَدِهِ فَلَأَجِدَنَّهُ عَفُوًّا كَرِيمًا قَالَ فَجَاءَ فَأَسْلَمَ وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ فَإِنَّهُ اخْتَفَى عِنْدَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ؓ فَلَمَّا دَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ جَاءَ بِهِ حَتَّى أَوْقَفَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بَايِعْ عَبْدَ اللهِ قَالَ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَأْبَى فَبَايَعَهُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ أَمَا كَانَ فِيكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ يَقُومُ إِلَى هَذَا حِينَ رَآنِي كَفَفْتُ يَدِي عَنْ بَيْعَتِهِ فَيَقْتُلَهُ؟ فَقَالُوا مَا يُدْرِينَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ هَلَّا أَوْمَأْتَ إِلَيْنَا بِعَيْنِكَ؟ قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ خَائِنَةُ الْأَعْيُنِ  

[Machine] Because he had embraced Islam and used to write down the revelations for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he reverted to polytheism and returned to Mecca. He only ordered the killing of Abdullah ibn Khatal because he was a Muslim. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him as a witness and sent a man from the Ansar with him, and he had a servant who used to serve him as a Muslim. They stayed in a place, and the servant was commanded to slaughter a goat and prepare food for him. Then he slept and woke up to find that nothing had been prepared for him, so he attacked the servant and killed him. Then he returned to polytheism and he had a female singer and her companion who used to compose poems mocking the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . So he ordered both of them to be killed with him.  

لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ الْوَحْيَ فَرَجَعَ مُشْرِكًا وَلَحِقَ بِمَكَّةَ وَإِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ خَطَلٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا فَبَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مُصَدِّقًا وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَكَانَ مَعَهُ مَوْلًى يَخْدُمُهُ مُسْلِمًا فَنَزَلَ مَنْزِلًا فَأَمَرَ الْمَوْلَى أَنْ يَذْبَحَ تَيْسًا وَيَصْنَعَ لَهُ طَعَامًا وَنَامَ فَاسْتَيْقَظَ وَلَمْ يَصْنَعْ لَهُ شَيْئًا فَعَدَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَهُ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّ مُشْرِكًا وَكَانَتْ لَهُ قَيْنَةٌ وَصَاحِبَتُهَا فَكَانَتَا تُغَنِّيَانِ بِهِجَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِمَا مَعَهُ  

[Machine] I went to the Prophet ﷺ and I was accompanied by two people from the Ash'ari tribe. I mentioned a hadith to him until he said, "Then he sent him to Yemen, and Mu'adh bin Jabal followed him. When he arrived, he threw a cushion for him and said, 'Sit down.' Then he saw a man with him who was bound. He asked, 'Who is this?' He said, 'This man used to be a Jew, then he converted to Islam, but then he returned to his previous religion, Judaism.' The man said, 'I will not sit until he is executed according to the decree of Allah and His Messenger ﷺ .' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Yes, sit.' He said, 'I will not sit until he is executed according to the decree of Allah and His Messenger ﷺ ,' three times. Then he ordered him to be executed."  

أَقْبَلْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَعِي رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ فَبَعَثَهُ عَلَى الْيَمَنِ ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ أَلْقَى لَهُ وِسَادَةً وَقَالَ انْزِلْ فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ رَجُلٌ مُوثَقٌ قَالَ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَ هَذَا كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا فَأَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ رَاجَعَ دِينَهُ دِينَ السُّوءِ فَتَهَوَّدَ فَقَالَ لَا أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ قَضَاءَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمِ اجْلِسْ قَالَ لَا أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ قَضَاءَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قَالَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ  

AbuMusa said: Mu'adh came to me when I was in the Yemen. A man who was Jew embraced Islam and then retreated from Islam. When Mu'adh came, he said: I will not come down from my mount until he is killed. He was then killed. One of them said: He was asked to repent before that. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4355)   

قَدِمَ عَلَيَّ مُعَاذٌ ؓ وَأَنَا بِالْيَمَنِ وَرَجُلٌ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا فَأَسْلَمَ فَارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مُعَاذٌ قَالَ لَا أَنْزِلُ عَنْ دَابَّتِي حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ فَقُتِلَ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَكَانَ قَدِ اسْتُتِيبَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] About Islam, he called it for twenty nights or close to it, then Mu'adh came and he called him but he refused, so he struck his neck. Abu Dawood said.  

عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَدَعَاهُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا فَجَاءَ مُعَاذٌ فَدَعَاهُ فَأَبَى فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ  

[Machine] Uthman ibn Affan used to invite the apostate three times and then kill him.  

كَانَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ؓ يَدْعُو الْمُرْتَدَّ ثَلَاثَ مِرَارٍ ثُمَّ يَقْتُلُهُ  

[Machine] Ali replied, "Do you not understand what I say?" He spoke in a low voice that I could hardly hear. Ali said, "Step on it until it dies." So, I asked the one who was accompanying me, "What did he say?" He said, "He said that the Christ is his Lord."  

لَهُ عَلِيٌّ مَا تَقُولُ فِيهِ؟ فَتَكَلَّمَ بِكَلَامٍ خَفِيَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ طَؤُوهُ فَوُطِئَ حَتَّى مَاتَ فَقُلْتُ لِلَّذِي يَلِينِي مَا قَالَ؟ قَالَ قَالَ الْمَسِيحُ رَبُّهُ  

[Machine] And that Musaylimah Al-Kadhdhab is a messenger of Allah, and that the people of the mosque heard about it, so Abdullah asked, "Who is here?" So a group jumped up and said, "On behalf of the son of Nawwaha and his companions." So they brought them, and I was sitting. Abdullah bin Mas'ud said to Abdullah bin Nawwaha, "Where do you usually read from the Qur'an?" He said, "I used to read it to remind you." Abdullah bin Mas'ud said, "Repent." He refused. Abdullah bin Mas'ud commanded Qarzah bin Ka'b Al-Ansari to take him out to the market and hit his head. He said, "Then I heard Abdullah say, 'Whoever wants to see the son of Nawwaha killed in the market, let him come out and look at him.'" Haritha said, "I was one of those who came out, and there he was, stripped. Then Abdullah bin Mas'ud consulted the people about those men. Adi bin Hatim pointed to him for their killing. Jarir and Ash'ath stood up and said, 'No, rather guarantee their safety and protect their tribes.' So he sought their amnesty, and they repented, and their tribes guaranteed their safety.  

وَأَنَّ مُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابَ رَسُولُ اللهِ وَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَهْلَ الْمَسْجِدِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ مَنْ هَا هُنَا؟ فَوَثَبَ نَفَرٌ فَقَالَ عَلَيَّ بِابْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ فَجِيءَ بِهِمْ وَأَنَا جَالِسٌ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتَ تَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ كُنْتُ أَتَّقِيكُمْ بِهِ قَالَ فَتُبْ قَالَ فَأَبَى قَالَ فَأَمَرَ قَرَظَةَ بْنَ كَعْبٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ فَأَخْرَجَهُ إِلَى السُّوقِ فَضَرَبَ رَأْسَهُ قَالَ فَسَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ يَقُولُ مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى ابْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ قَتِيلًا فِي السُّوقِ فَلْيَخْرُجْ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ حَارِثَةُ فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ خَرَجَ فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ جُرِّدَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ اسْتَشَارَ النَّاسَ فِي أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرِ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ بِقَتْلِهِمْ فَقَامَ جَرِيرٌ وَالْأَشْعَثُ فَقَالَا لَا بَلِ اسْتَتِبْهُمْ وَكَفِّلْهُمْ عَشَائِرَهُمْ فَاسْتَتَابَهُمْ فَتَابُوا فُكَفَّلَهُمْ عَشَائِرَهُمْ  

[Machine] "Omar, why did you not imprison him for three days and feed him a loaf of bread every day, and then ask him to repent or consult with Allah? O Allah, I did not witness, command, or consent to it when it reached me." Al-Shafi'i said in his book, "Whoever claims that the hadith narrated from Omar, 'If you had imprisoned him for three days, it would not be strong,' is not reliable because it is not known to be connected. Even if it is considered reliable, it did not impose any punishment on the person who killed him before three days." Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said that another hadith narrated from Omar about showing patience in this matter with a continuous chain of narration.  

عُمَرُ ؓ فَهَلَّا حَبَسْتُمُوهُ ثَلَاثًا وَأَطْعَمْتُمُوهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ رَغِيفًا وَاسْتَتَبْتُمُوهُ لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ أَوْ يُرَاجِعَ أَمْرَ اللهِ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي لَمْ أَحْضُرْ وَلَمْ آمُرْ وَلَمْ أَرْضَ إِذْ بَلَغَنِي قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَنْ قَالَ لَا يُتَأَنَّى بِهِ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ لَوْ حَبَسْتُمُوهُ ثَلَاثًا لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُعْلَمُ مُتَّصِلًا وَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا كَانَ لَمْ يُجْعَلْ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُ قَبْلَ ثَلَاثٍ شَيْئًا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ فِي التَّأَنِّي بِهِ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ بِإِسْنَادٍ مُتَّصِلٍ  

[Machine] Verily, we belong to Allah and to Him we shall return. I said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, was their only way out death?" He replied, "Yes, I offered them to enter Islam, but if they refused, I entrusted them to prison, and that is the meaning of it."  

إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ قُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَهَلْ كَانَ سَبِيلُهُمْ إِلَّا الْقَتْلَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ كُنْتُ أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَبَوَا اسْتَوْدَعْتُهُمُ السِّجْنَ وَبِمَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] The apostate is given three chances, then recites, "Indeed, those who believed then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief" [Quran 4:137]  

يُسْتَتَابُ الْمُرْتَدُّ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا} [النساء 137]  

[Machine] Ali said: "The apostate should be given three chances to repent, and if they revert back, they should be killed."  

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ يُسْتَتَابُ الْمُرْتَدُّ ثَلَاثًا فَإِنْ عَادَ قُتِلَ  

[Machine] Ibn Umar heard saying, "The apostate should be given the chance to repent three times."  

سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ يُسْتَتَابُ الْمُرْتَدُّ ثَلَاثًا  

[Machine] Abu Ali Al-Hamdani told them that they were with Fadalah ibn 'Ubayd, a companion of the Prophet ﷺ , at sea. A man who was a Muslim had defected to the enemy, renouncing Islam, and then he embraced Islam again. He defected for a second time, renouncing Islam, and then embraced it again. He defected for a third time, and he was brought to them. Abu Ali Al-Hamdani recited the verse: "Indeed, those who believed then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief - never will Allah forgive them, nor will He guide them to a way." [Quran 4:137] He then beheaded him. This narration is weak in its chain of narrators, but the verse is applicable to those who persist in disbelief. We have also narrated, through a disconnected chain of narrators, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sought the allegiance of Nabhani four times. All of this pertains to the disbelievers. The authentic reports concerning the shedding of blood testify to the authenticity of this narration, and it is in accordance with Allah's knowledge.  

أَنَّ أَبَا عَلِيٍّ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ حَدَّثَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مَعَ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ صَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَأُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَدْ فَرَّ إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ فَأَقَالَهُ الْإِسْلَامَ فَأَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ فَرَّ الثَّانِيَةَ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ فَأَقَالَهُ الْإِسْلَامَ فَأَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ فَرَّ الثَّالِثَةَ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ فَنَزَعَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا لَمْ يَكُنِ اللهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ سَبِيلًا} [النساء 137] فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ فِي إِسْنَادِ هَذِهِ الْآثَارِ ضَعْفٌ وَالْآيَةُ وَارِدَةٌ فِيمَنْ ثَبَتَ عَلَى الْكُفْرِ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا بِإِسْنَادٍ مُرْسَلٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَتَابَ نَبْهَانَ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَلْحَقُ بِالْمُشْرِكِينَ وَظَاهِرُ الْأَخْبَارِ الصَّحِيحَةِ فِيمَا يُحْقَنُ بِهِ الدَّمُ يَشْهَدُ لِهَذَا الْمُرْسَلُ وَيُوَافِقُهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to a man who had married his father's wife after he died, to strike his neck (execute him) and confiscate his wealth.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2608)   

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَآخُذَ مَالَهُ  

[Machine] Abu Jaddi sent Muawiyah to a man who married his father's wife. He ordered him to be killed and his wealth to be distributed. Our companions said, "Killing and confiscating wealth is only valid for apostasy. It is as if he had made it permissible with knowledge of its prohibition. Allah knows best." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said that it was narrated that Muawiyah wrote to Ibn Abbas and Zaid bin Thabit, asking them about the inheritance of an apostate. They said, "It belongs to the Bayt al-Mal (state treasury)." Al-Shafi'i said, meaning that it is seized.  

ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَاهُ جَدَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ عَرَّسَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ فَأَمَرَهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَخَمَّسَ مَالَهُ قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا ضَرْبُ الرَّقَبَةِ وَتَخْمِيسُ الْمَالِ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا عَلَى الْمُرْتَدِّ فَكَأَنَّهُ اسْتَحَلَّهُ مَعَ عِلْمِهِ بِتَحْرِيمِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ؓ يَسْأَلُهُمَا عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ فَقَالَا لِبَيْتِ الْمَالِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْنِيَانِ أَنَّهُ فَيْءٌ  

[Machine] Our leader, for a group of them are you? They said, "We are a people who were Christians, so we embraced Islam and remained steadfast in our Islam." He said, "Then he said to the second, who are you?" They said, "We are a people who were Christians, meaning we remained steadfast in our Christianity." He said to the third, who are you? They said, "We are a people who were Christians, so we embraced Islam, then we returned and did not see a religion better than our religion, so we embraced Christianity. He said to them, "Embrace Islam." They refused. He said to his companions, "When I wipe my head three times, tighten on them." So they did, and they killed the fighters and captured the prisoners. Masqala bin Hubairah came and bought them for two hundred thousand (dirhams), then he brought them to Ali, but he refused to accept them. Masqala went with his money and intended to kill them, but then he freed them and joined Muawiyah. Ali was asked, "Won't you take the offspring?" He said, "No." He did not accept them. Ash-Shafie said, "Whoever remains a Christian is allowed to be killed, and whoever apostates, it is permissible for Ali to capture from Banu Najiyah whoever did not apostate. Apostasy was during the time of Abu Bakr, and it has not reached us that Abu Bakr gave back anything, meaning the captives. And Allah knows best.  

أَمِيرُنَا لِفِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَنْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ كُنَّا نَصَارَى فَأَسْلَمْنَا فَثَبَتْنَا عَلَى إِسْلَامِنَا قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلثَّانِيَةِ مَنْ أَنْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ كُنَّا نَصَارَى يَعْنِي فَثَبَتْنَا عَلَى نَصْرَانِيَّتِنَا قَالَ لِلثَّالِثَةِ مَنْ أَنْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ كُنَّا نَصَارَى فَأَسْلَمْنَا فَرَجَعْنَا فَلَمْ نَرَ دِينًا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ دِينِنَا فَتَنَصَّرْنَا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَسْلِمُوا فَأَبَوْا فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ إِذَا مَسَحْتُ عَلَى رَأْسِي ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَشُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَفَعَلُوا فَقَتَلُوا الْمُقَاتِلَةَ وَسَبَوَا الذَّرَارِيَّ فَجِيءَ بِالذَّرَارِيِّ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ وَجَاءَ مَسْقَلَةُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ فَاشْتَرَاهُمْ بِمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ فَجَاءَ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَ فَانْطَلَقَ مَسْقَلَةُ بِدَرَاهِمِهِ وَعَمَدَ مَسْقَلَةُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ وَلَحِقَ بِمُعَاوِيَةَ ؓ فَقِيلَ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ أَلَا تَأْخُذُ الذُّرِّيَّةَ؟ قَالَ لَا فَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ لَهُمْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَدْ قَاتَلَ مَنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَمَنِ ارْتَدَّ فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ سَبَى مِنْ بَنِي نَاجِيَةَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ ارْتَدَّ وَقَدْ كَانَتِ الرِّدَّةُ فِي عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ خَمَّسَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ يَعْنِي الذَّرَارِيَّ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] The polytheists took Ammar ibn Yasir and did not leave him until he insulted the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned their idols in a positive way. Then they let him go. When he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he asked, "What is behind you?" Ammar replied, "Evil, O Messenger of Allah. I was not left alone until I was forced to say things against you and mention their idols in a positive way." The Prophet ﷺ asked, "How do you find your heart?" He replied, "Content with faith." The Prophet ﷺ said, "If they come back to you, then revert."  

أَخَذَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوهُ حَتَّى سَبَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ آلِهَتَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ ثُمَّ تَرَكُوهُ فَلَمَّا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا وَرَاءَكَ؟ قَالَ شَرٌّ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا تُرِكْتُ حَتَّى نُلْتُ مِنْكَ وَذَكَرْتُ آلِهَتَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ قَالَ كَيْفَ تَجِدُ قَلْبَكَ؟ قَالَ مُطْمَئِنًّا بِالْإِيمَانِ قَالَ إِنْ عَادُوا فَعُدْ  

"The first people to declare their Islam publicly were seven: The Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr, 'Ammar and his mother Sumayyah, Suhaib, Bilal and Miqdad. With regard to the Messenger of Allah, Allah protected him through his paternal uncle Abu Talib. With regard to Abu Bakr, Allah protected him through his people. As for the rest, the idolators seized them and made them wear coats of chain-mail and exposed them to the intense heat of the sun. There was none of them who did not do what they wanted them to do, except for Bilal. He did not care what happened to him for the sake of Allah, and his people did not care what happened to him. Then they gave him to the children who took him around in the streets of Makkah while he was saying, 'Ahad, Ahad (One, One).'" (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 150)   

أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَظْهَرَ إِسْلَامَهُ سَبْعَةٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعَمَّارٌ وَأُمُّهُ سُمَيَّةُ وَصُهَيْبٌ وَبِلَالٌ وَالْمِقْدَادُ ؓ فَأَمَّا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَنَعَهُ اللهُ بِعَمِّهِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَمَّا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَمَنَعَهُ اللهُ بِقَوْمِهِ وَأَمَّا سَائِرُهُمْ فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَأَلْبَسُوهُمْ أَدْرَاعَ الْحَدِيدِ وَأَوْقَفُوهُمْ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ وَاتَاهُمْ عَلَى مَا أَرَادُوا غَيْرَ بِلَالٍ فَإِنَّهُ هَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ فِي اللهِ وَهَانَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فَأَعْطَوْهُ الْوِلْدَانَ فَجَعَلُوا يَطُوفُونَ بِهِ فِي شِعَابِ مَكَّةَ وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ  

[Machine] I said to Ibn Abbas: "O Abu Abbas, did the polytheists inflict upon the Muslims such hardships that they had no excuse to leave their religion?" He said, "Yes, by Allah, they would beat one of them, starve him, and make him thirsty until he could not even sit properly due to the intensity of the hardship he was facing. And indeed, he would give them whatever they asked for in order to avoid further persecution."  

قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَا أَبَا عَبَّاسٍ أَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَبْلُغُونَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْعَذَابِ مَا يُعْذَرُونَ بِهِ فِي تَرْكِ دِينِهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَاللهِ إِنْ كَانُوا لَيَضْرِبُونَ أَحَدَهُمْ وَيُجِيعُونَهُ وَيُعْطِشُونَهُ حَتَّى مَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يَسْتَوِيَ جَالِسًا مِنْ شِدَّةِ الضُّرِّ الَّذِي بِهِ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَيُعْطِيهِمْ مَا سَأَلُوهُ مِنَ الْفِتْنَةِ  

[Machine] In His saying "Except for those who are compelled while their hearts are at peace with faith" [An-Nahl 106]. Allah (swt) said: Whoever disbelieves after believing, then upon him is wrath from Allah and he will have a great punishment. But as for one who is compelled [to disbelief] while his heart is at rest with faith - but he opens his mouth [to declare disbelief] while his heart is steadfast with faith - then upon him is no blame. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful; He takes the souls at the time of their death and those that do not die [He takes] during their sleep.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ} [النحل 106] قَالَ أَخْبَرَ اللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ إِنَّهُ مَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللهِ وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ فَتَكَلَّمَ بِلِسَانِهِ وَخَالَفَهُ قَلْبُهُ بِالْإِيمَانِ لِيَنْجُوَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَلَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللهَ سُبْحَانَهُ إِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُ الْعِبَادَ بِمَا عَقَدَتْ عَلَيْهِ قُلُوبُهُمْ  

[Machine] "And speaking with the tongue and having a tranquil heart with faith, and not stretching out his hand to kill, nor towards a sin, for indeed, he will have no excuse."  

وَالتُّقَاةُ التَّكَلُّمُ بِاللِّسَانِ وَالْقَلْبِ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَا يَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ فَيَقْتُلُ وَلَا إِلَى إِثْمٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَا عُذْرَ لَهُ