[Machine] Indeed, among the decrees of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is that metals have value, as well as wells. The wounds of the Arab horses are given value, and the Arab horses are considered part of the livestock and others. The value is the flowing water that cannot be measured. He also decreed that a fifth of the loot be given to the state, and he decreed that the dates of the palm tree belong to the one who pollinates it, unless the buyer stipulates otherwise. He decreed that the wealth of the enslaved person goes to the one who sells them, unless the buyer stipulates otherwise. He decreed that the child belongs to the bed and the stones for the adulterous woman. He decreed arbitration between partners in terms of lands and houses. He decreed that the child of Malik Al-Hudhali should inherit his land from his wife who was killed by another woman. He decreed regarding the fetus of a killed woman, whether it is from a free person or a slave, that it is inherited by the father and his sons. He said: "And he had children from both his wives." The son of the slain woman said: "O Messenger of Allah, how can someone inherit if he does not shout, seek it, drink, or eat?" Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "This is from the priests." He decreed that the green pasture should be in the middle of the road and, if the people of the village want to build on it, they should leave seven cubits for the road. The road was called Al-Mi'ta. He decreed that regarding the palm tree or two palm trees or three, they disagree on the rights of that. He decreed that each palm tree among those should have a set amount for its harvest. He decreed that when drinking from the water of the palm tree, the upper part should drink before the lower part, and the water should be left up to the ankles. Then the water is sent to the lower part that follows. In this manner, the walls will collapse or the water will be depleted. He decreed that a woman should not give anything from her wealth without the permission of her husband. He decreed that the two grandmothers should receive two-sixths of the inheritance, shared equally. He decreed that whoever frees a sharecropper in their possession can do so if they have the means. He decreed that there should be no harm or reciprocal harm. He decreed that no oppressive race should have rights. He decreed between the people of Madinah regarding the palm trees, stating that the benefit of a well should not be prevented. He decreed between the people of the desert, stating that the preference of a water source should not be prevented out of fear of it being depleted. He also decreed regarding the blood money for major injuries, stating that thirty daughters of Laboon should be given, as well as thirty horses and forty camels. He decreed regarding the blood money for minor injuries, stating that thirty daughters of Laboon should be given, as well as thirty horses, twenty daughters of childbirth, and twenty sons of childbirth. Then, after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the price of camels increased and the value of dirhams decreased. Umar ibn Al-Khattab set the value of the blood money for a she-camel at six thousand dirhams. Then, the price of camels increased and the value of dirhams decreased, so Umar ibn Al-Khattab increased it to twelve thousand dirhams. He also increased the blood money by one-third in the month of Hajj and one-third in the city of Makkah. Thus, the blood money of the two sacred places reached twenty thousand. It was also said that the people of the desert should contribute from their pastures without being burdened with gold or silver, and every group should contribute its share of justice from their possessions.  

إِنَّ مِنْ قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْمَعْدِنَ جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرَ جُبَارٌ وَالْعَجْمَاءَ جَرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ وَالْعَجْمَاءُ الْبَهِيمَةُ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ وَغَيْرِهَا وَالْجُبَارُ هُوَ الْهَدْرُ الَّذِي لَا يُغَرَّمُ وَقَضَى فِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسَ وَقَضَى أَنَّ تَمْرَ النَّخْلِ لِمَنْ أَبَّرَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ وَقَضَى أَنَّ مَالَ الْمَمْلُوكِ لِمَنْ بَاعَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ وَقَضَى أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرَ وَقَضَى بِالشُّفْعَةِ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ فِي الْأَرَضِينَ وَالدُّورِ وَقَضَى لِحَمَلِ ابْنِ مَالِكٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ بِمِيرَاثِهِ عَنْ امْرَأَتِهِ الَّتِي قَتَلَتْهَا الْأُخْرَى وَقَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ الْمَقْتُولِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ قَالَ فَوَرِثَهَابَعْلُهَا وَبَنُوهَا قَالَ وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ امْرَأَتَيْهِ كِلْتَيْهِمَا وَلَدٌقَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاتِلَةِ الْمَقْضِيُّ عَلَيْهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَنْ لَا صَاحَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَلَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلَ؟ فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ بَطَلَ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَذَا مِنَ الْكُهَّانِ قَالَ وَقَضَى فِي الرَّحَبَةِ تَكُونُ بَيْنَ الطَّرِيقِ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ أَهْلُهَا الْبُنْيَانَ فِيهَا فَقَضَى أَنْ يُتْرَكَ لِلطَّرِيقِ فِيهَا سَبْعُ أَذْرُعٍ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الطَّرِيقُ تُسَمَّى الْمِيتَاءُ وَقَضَى فِي النَّخْلَةِ أَوِ النَّخْلَتَيْنِ أَوِ الثَّلَاثِ فَيَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي حُقُوقِ ذَلِكَ فَقَضَى أَنَّ لِكُلِّ نَخْلَةٍ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ مَبْلَغَ جَرِيدَتِهَا حَيِّزٌ لَهَا وَقَضَى فِي شُرْبِ النَّخْلِ مِنَ السَّيْلِ أَنَّ الْأَعْلَى يَشْرَبُ قَبْلَ الْأَسْفَلِ وَيُتْرَكُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُرْسَلُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْأَسْفَلِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ فَكَذَلِكَ يَنْقَضِي حَوَائِطُ أَوْ يَفْنَى الْمَاءُ وَقَضَى أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تُعْطِي مِنْ مَالِهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا وَقَضَى لِلْجَدَّتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِالسُّدُسِ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوَاءِ وَقَضَى أَنَّ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ جَوَازُ عِتْقِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ وَقَضَى أَنْ لَا ضَرَرَ وَلَا ضِرَارَ وَقَضَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ وَقَضَى بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي النَّخْلِ لَا يُمْنَعُ نَفْعُ بِئْرٍ وَقَضَى بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ أَنَّهُ لَا يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ مَاءٍ لِيُمْنَعَ فَضْلُ الْكَلَأِ وَقَضَى فِي دِيَةِ الْكُبْرَى الْمُغَلَّظَةِ ثَلَاثِينَ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً وَقَضَى فِي دِيَةِ الصُّغْرَى ثَلَاثِينَ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَعِشْرِينَ ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورًا ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَقَوَّمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِبِلَ الدَّيَةِ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ حِسَابُ أُوقِيَّةٍ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ وَهَانَتِ الْوَرِقُ فَزَادَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَلْفَيْنِ حِسَابَ أُوقِيَّتَيْنِ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ ثُمَّ غَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ وَهَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَأَتَمَّهَا عُمَرُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا حِسَابَ ثَلَاثِ أَوَاقٍ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍقَالَ فَزَادَ ثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَثُلُثًا آخَرُ فِي البَلَدِ الْحَرَامِ قَالَ فَتَمَّتْ دِيَةُ الْحَرَمَيْنِ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا قَالَ فَكَانَ يُقَالُ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ مِنْ مَاشِيَتِهِمْ لَا يُكَلَّفُونَ الْوَرِقَ وَلَا الذَّهَبَ وَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ مَا لَهُمْ قِيمَةُ الْعَدْلِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ