12. Nikāḥ (Marriage)

١٢۔ كتاب النكاح

12.36 Regarding A Man Who Consummates His Marriage Before Giving Any Monetary Amount To His Wife

١٢۔٣٦ باب فِي الرَّجُلِ يَدْخُلُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنْقِدَهَا شَيْئًا

abudawud:2125Isḥāq b. Ismāʿīl al-Ṭālqānī > ʿAbdah > Saʿīd > Ayyūb > ʿIkrimah > Ibn ʿAbbās > Lammā Tazawwaj ʿAlī Fāṭimah

When Ali married Fatimah, the Prophet ﷺ said to him: Give her something. He said: I have nothing with me. He said: Where is your Hutamiyyah (coat of mail).  

أبو داود:٢١٢٥حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الطَّالْقَانِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ عَلِيٌّ فَاطِمَةَ قَالَ

لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطِهَا شَيْئًا قَالَ مَا عِنْدِي شَىْءٌ قَالَ أَيْنَ دِرْعُكَ الْحُطَمِيَّةُ  

abudawud:2126Kathīr b. ʿUbayd al-Ḥimṣī > Abū Ḥaywah > Shuʿayb / Ibn Abū Ḥamzah > Ghaylān b. Anas > Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Thawbān

When Ali married Fatimah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he intended to have intercourse with her. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited him to do so until he gave her something. Ali said: I have nothing with me, Messenger of Allah. The Prophet ﷺ said: Give her your coat of mail. So he gave her his coat of mail, and then cohabited with her.  

أبو داود:٢١٢٦حَدَّثَنَا كَثِيرُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَيْوَةَ عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ حَدَّثَنِي غَيْلاَنُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ

عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَ ؓ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَمَنَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَهَا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ لِي شَىْءٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَعْطِهَا دِرْعَكَ فَأَعْطَاهَا دِرْعَهُ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ بِهَا  

abudawud:2127Kathīr / Ibn ʿUbayd > Abū Ḥaywah > Shuʿayb > Ghaylān > ʿIkrimah

A similar tradition has also been transmitted by Ibn 'Abbas through a different chain of narrators.  

أبو داود:٢١٢٧حَدَّثَنَا كَثِيرٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُبَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَيْوَةَ عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ غَيْلاَنَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِثْلَهُ  

abudawud:2128Muḥammad b. al-Ṣabbāḥ al-Bazzār > Sharīk > Manṣūr > Ṭalḥah > Khaythamah > ʿĀʾishah

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded me to send a woman to her husband before he gave something to her. Abu Dawud said: The narrator Khaithamah did not hear (any tradition) from 'Aishah.  

أبو داود:٢١٢٨حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ الْبَزَّارُ حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ عَنْ خَيْثَمَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ

أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُدْخِلَ امْرَأَةً عَلَى زَوْجِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا شَيْئًا  

قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ خَيْثَمَةُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ
abudawud:2129Muḥammad b. Maʿmar > Muḥammad b. Bakr al-Bursānī > Ibn Jurayj > ʿAmr b. Shuʿayb from his father from his grandfather

A woman who marries on a dower or a reward or a promise before the solemnisation of marriage is entitled to it; and whatever is fixed for her after solemnisation of marriage belongs to whom it is given. A man is more entitled to receive a thing given as a gift on account of his daughter or sister (than other kinds of gifts).  

أبو داود:٢١٢٩حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْبُرْسَانِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ عَلَى صَدَاقٍ أَوْ حِبَاءٍ أَوْ عِدَةٍ قَبْلَ عِصْمَةِ النِّكَاحِ فَهُوَ لَهَا وَمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ عِصْمَةِ النِّكَاحِ فَهُوَ لِمَنْ أُعْطِيَهُ وَأَحَقُّ مَا أُكْرِمَ عَلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَتُهُ أَوْ أُخْتُهُ