The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The marriage of a woman who marries without the consent of her guardians is void. (He said these words) three times. If there is cohabitation, she gets her dower for the intercourse her husband has had. If there is a dispute, the sultan (man in authority) is the guardian of one who has none.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَالْمَهْرُ لَهَا بِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهَا فَإِنْ تَشَاجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لاَ وَلِيَّ لَهُ  

This tradition has also been transmitted by A’ishah through a different chain of narrators from the Prophet ﷺ to the same effect. Abu Dawud said “Ja’far did not hear any tradition from Al Zuhri. Al Zuhri gave him his writing.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَاهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no marriage without the permission of a guardian. Abu Dawud said: The narrator Yunus also transmitted on the authority of Abu Burdah, and Isra'il narrated from Abu Ishaq on the authority of Abu Burdah.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نِكَاحَ إِلاَّ بِوَلِيٍّ  

Ibn Az-Zubayr reported on the authority of Umm Habibah that she was the wife of Ibn Jahsh, but he died, He was among those who migrated to Abyssinia. Negus then married her to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.  

أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عِنْدَ ابْنِ جَحْشٍ فَهَلَكَ عَنْهَا وَكَانَ فِيمَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ فَزَوَّجَهَا النَّجَاشِيُّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ عِنْدَهُمْ