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Qurʾān Bukhārī Muslim Nasāʾī Abū Dāwūd Tirmidhī Ibn Mājah Mālik Aḥmad Dārimī Ḥākim Ibn Ḥibbān Ṭabarānī Nasāʾī's Kubrá Bayhaqī al-Luʾluʾ wa-al-Marjān Ibn Rajab's Fifty Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn Aḥmad's Zuhd Suyūṭī
tabarani:12442 – Abū Muslim al-Kashhī > ʿAmr b. Marzūq > Shuʿbah > Abū Bishr > Saʿīd b. Jubayr > Ibn ʿAbbās

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina on the day of Ashura and saw the Jews fasting. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What is this?" They replied, "This is a day on which Allah saved Moses from Pharaoh and drowned Pharaoh, so we observe fast out of gratitude." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I have more claim over Moses than you." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered fasting on that day.  

الطبراني:١٢٤٤٢ – حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْكَشِّيُّ ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ أنا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَإِذَا الْيَهُودُ صِيَامٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَا هَذَا؟» قَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ غَرَّقَ اللهُ فِيهِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَنَجَّى مُوسَى فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «وأَنَا أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِصَوْمِهِ»  

See similar narrations below:

Collected by Bukhārī, Ibn Mājah, Aḥmad, Dārimī
bukhari:3397 – ʿAlī b. ʿAbdullāh > Sufyān > Ayyūb al-Sakhtiyānī > Ibn Saʿīd b. Jubayr from his father > Ibn ʿAbbās

When the Prophet ﷺ came to Medina, he found (the Jews) fasting on the day of 'Ashura' (i.e. 10th of Muharram). They used to say: "This is a great day on which Allah saved Moses and drowned the folk of Pharaoh. Moses observed the fast on this day, as a sign of gratitude to Allah." The Prophet ﷺ said, "I am closer to Moses than they." So, he observed the fast (on that day) and ordered the Muslims to fast on it.  

البخاري:٣٣٩٧ – حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدَهُمْ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمًا يَعْنِي عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ وَهْوَ يَوْمٌ نَجَّى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَأَغْرَقَ آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ فَصَامَ مُوسَى شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْهُمْ فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ  

ibnmajah:1734 – Sahl b. Abū Sahl > Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah > Ayyūb > Saʿīd b. Jubayr > Ibn ʿAbbās

“The Prophet ﷺ came to Al- Madinah, and he found the Jews observing a fast. He said: ‘What is this?’ They said: ‘This is the day when Allah saved Musa and drowned Pharaoh, so Musa fasted this day in gratitude.’ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘We have more right to Musa than you do.’ So he fasted (that day) and enjoined (others) to fast it also.’”  

ابن ماجة:١٧٣٤ – حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي سَهْلٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ

قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صُيَّامًا فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ أَنْجَى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَأَغْرَقَ فِيهِ فِرْعَوْنَ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ  

ahmad:2831 – ʿAbd al-Ṣamad from my father > Ayyūb > ʿAbdullāh b. Saʿīd b. Jubayr from his father > Ibn ʿAbbās

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina and saw the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them, "What is this day that you fast?" They replied, "This is a righteous day, the day on which Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemy, so Moses fasted it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I have more right to Moses than you do." So, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasted on that day and commanded others to fast as well.  

أحمد:٢٨٣١ – حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ

قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَأَى الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَهُ؟ قَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ صَالِحٌ هَذَا يَوْمٌ نَجَّى اللهُ فِيهِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَ بِصَوْمِهِ  

darimi:1800 – Sahl b. Ḥammād > Shuʿbah > Abū Bishr > Saʿīd b. Jubayr > Ibn ʿAbbās

[Machine] He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina and found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them, 'What is the significance of this day?' They replied, 'This is the day on which Musa (Moses) and his people were saved from Pharaoh.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'We have more right to Musa than you, so fast on this day.'"  

الدارمي:١٨٠٠ – أَخْبَرَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ

أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَالْيَهُودُ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي ظَهَرَ فِيهِ مُوسَى عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى فَصُومُوهُ»