“Whoever finds his exact property with a man who has become bankrupt, and then he has more right to it than anyone else.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ وَجَدَ مَتَاعَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ  

“Any man who sells a product with the man who has become bankrupt, and he has not taken any of its price, it belongs to him, but if he had taken any of its price, then he is like any other creditor.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ بَاعَ سِلْعَةً فَأَدْرَكَ سِلْعَتَهُ بِعَيْنِهَا عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ وَقَدْ أَفْلَسَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ قَبَضَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا شَيْئًا فَهِيَ لَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَبَضَ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا شَيْئًا فَهُوَ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ  

We came to Abu Hurairah and asked him about a companion of ours who had become bankrupt. He said: “This is what the Prophet ﷺ ruled: 'Any man who dies or becomes bankrupt, the owner of the product has more right to it, if he finds the exact thing.”  

جِئْنَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فِي صَاحِبٍ لَنَا قَدْ أَفْلَسَ فَقَالَ هَذَا الَّذِي قَضَى فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مَاتَ أَوْ أَفْلَسَ فَصَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ أَحَقُّ بِمَتَاعِهِ إِذَا وَجَدَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ  

“Any man who dies and has the property of another man, whether he paid something towards it or not, (the owner of those goods) is like any other creditor.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا امْرِئٍ مَاتَ وَعِنْدَهُ مَالُ امْرِئٍ بِعَيْنِهِ اقْتَضَى مِنْهُ شَيْئًا أَوْ لَمْ يَقْتَضِ فَهُوَ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked, 'Which of the people are best?' He said: 'My generation, then those that follow them, then those that follow them. Then there will come people whose testimony precedes their oath and whose oath precedes their testimony.”  

عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَىُّ النَّاسِ خَيْرٌ قَالَ قَرْنِي ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ قَوْمٌ تَبْدُرُ شَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ يَمِينَهُ وَيَمِينُهُ شَهَادَتَهُ  

'Umar bin Khattab addressed us at Jabiyah and said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up among us as I stand among you, and said: 'Honor my Companions for my sake, then those who come after them, then those who come after them. Then lying will prevail until a man will give testimony without being asked to do so, and he will swear an oath without being asked to do so.' ”  

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ فِينَا مِثْلَ مُقَامِي فِيكُمْ فَقَالَ احْفَظُونِي فِي أَصْحَابِي ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَفْشُو الْكَذِبُ حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ الرَّجُلُ وَمَا يُسْتَشْهَدُ وَيَحْلِفَ وَمَا يُسْتَحْلَفُ  

“The best of witnesses is the one who gives his testimony before he is asked for it.”  

سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ خَيْرُ الشُّهُودِ مَنْ أَدَّى شَهَادَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْأَلَهَا  

Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri recited this Verse: “O you who believe! When you contract a debt for a fixed period...” until: “then if one of you entrusts the other.” Then he said: “This abrogates what came before.”  

تَلاَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى } حَتَّى بَلَغَ {فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا} فَقَالَ هَذِهِ نَسَخَتْ مَا قَبْلَهَا  

“The Testimony of a man or woman who is treacherous, or of one who has been subjected to one of the Haad punishments of Islam, or of one who bears a grudge against his brother, is not permissible.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ وَلاَ خَائِنَةٍ وَلاَ مَحْدُودٍ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ وَلاَ ذِي غِمْرٍ عَلَى أَخِيهِ  

“The testimony of a Bedouin against a town-dweller is not permissible.”  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ بَدَوِيٍّ عَلَى صَاحِبِ قَرْيَةٍ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed judgment on the basis of an oath (from the claimant) along with a (single) witness. [This is in the absence of two witnesses.]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

the Prophet ﷺ passed judgement on the basis of an oath (from the claimant) along with a (single) witness.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed judgement on the basis of a witness along with an oath by the claimant.  

قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالشَّاهِدِ وَالْيَمِينِ  

the Prophet ﷺ allowed the testimony of a man along with the oath of the claimant.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الرَّجُلِ وَيَمِينَ الطَّالِبِ  

the Prophet ﷺ prayed the Morning prayer, and when he had finished, he stood up and said: “Bearing false witness is equivalent to associating others with Allah,” three times. Then he recited this Verse: “And shun lying speech (false statements), Hunafa' Lillah (i.e., worshiping none but Allah), not associating partners (in worship) to Him.”  

صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الصُّبْحَ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَامَ قَائِمًا فَقَالَ عُدِلَتْ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ بِالإِشْرَاكِ بِاللَّهِ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ {وَاجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ حُنَفَاءَ لِلَّهِ غَيْرَ مُشْرِكِينَ بِه}  

'The one who bears false witness will not move away (on the Day of Resurrection) until Allah condemns him to Hell.' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ {لَنْ تَزُولَ قَدَمُ شَاهِدِ الزُّورِ حَتَّى يُوجِبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ النَّارَ}  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ allowed the People of the Book to testify against one another.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ