“Whoever is appointed judge between the people, he has been slaughtered without a knife.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ جُعِلَ قَاضِيًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَقَدْ ذُبِحَ بِغَيْرِ سِكِّينٍ  

“Whoever asks to be appointed a judge, will be entrusted to himself, but “Whoever asks to be appointed a judge, will be entrusted to himself, but whoever is forced to accept position, an angel will come down to him and guide him.' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ سَأَلَ الْقَضَاءَ وُكِلَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ جُبِرَ عَلَيْهِ نَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فَسَدَّدَهُ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen. I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, you are sending me to judge between them while I am a young man, and I do not know how to judge.' He struck me on the chest with his hand and said: 'O Allah, guide his heart and make his tongue steadfast.' And after that I never doubted in passing judgment between two people.”  

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَبْعَثُنِي وَأَنَا شَابٌّ أَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ وَلاَ أَدْرِي مَا الْقَضَاءُ قَالَ فَضَرَبَ فِي صَدْرِي بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِ قَلْبَهُ وَثَبِّتْ لِسَانَهُ قَالَ فَمَا شَكَكْتُ بَعْدُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “There is no judge who judges between the people but on the Day of Resurrection an angel will come and take hold of the back of his head towards the sky and if it said: “Throw him, “he will throw into an abyss the depth of forty autumns (years).' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا مِنْ حَاكِمٍ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ إِلاَّ جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَلَكٌ آخِذٌ بِقَفَاهُ ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَإِنْ قَالَ أَلْقِهِ أَلْقَاهُ فِي مَهْوَاةٍ أَرْبَعِينَ خَرِيفًا  

“Allah is with the judge so long as he is not unjust, but if he rules unjustly, He entrusts him to himself.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْقَاضِي مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ فَإِذَا جَارَ وَكَلَهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ  

“The curse of Allah is upon the one who offers a bribe and the one who takes it.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الرَّاشِي وَالْمُرْتَشِي  

“When the judge passes a judgement and does his best and gets it right, he will have two rewards, and if he passes a judgement and does his best and gets it wrong, he will have one reward.” (Sahih) Yazid (one of narrators) said : “So I Narrated it to Abu Bakr bin 'Amr bin Hazm. He said: 'This is how it was narrated to me by Abu Salamah from Abu Hurairah.'”  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ قَالَ يَزِيدُ فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فَقَالَ هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنِيهِ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ  

“Were it not for the Hadith of Ibn Buraidah from his father, from the Prophet ﷺ who said: 'Judges are of three types, two of whom will be in Hell and one will be in Paradise. The man who knows the truth and rules in accordance with it, will be in Paradise. The man who passes judgment on the people in ignorance will be in Hell' - we would have said that if the judge does his best he will be in Paradise.”  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْقُضَاةُ ثَلاَثَةٌ اثْنَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَوَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ رَجُلٌ عَلِمَ الْحَقَّ فَقَضَى بِهِ فَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَرَجُلٌ قَضَى لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى جَهْلٍ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَرَجُلٌ جَارَ فِي الْحُكْمِ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ لَقُلْنَا إِنَّ الْقَاضِيَ إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ فَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ  

“Let the judge (Qadi) not pass a judgment when he is angry.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَقْضِي الْقَاضِي بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ قَالَ هِشَامٌ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْحَاكِمِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ  

“You refer your disputes to me and I am only human. Perhaps some of you may be more eloquent in presenting your case than others, so I rule in your favor because of what I hear from you. If I pass a judgement in favor of one of you that detracts from his brother's rights, then he should not take it, because it is a piece of fire that is given to him which he will bring forth on the Day Resurrection.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَىَّ وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَإِنَّمَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمْ عَلَى نَحْوٍ مِمَّا أَسْمَعُ مِنْكُمْ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا فَلاَ يَأْخُذْهُ فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ يَأْتِي بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ  

“I am only human, and some of you may be more eloquent in presenting your case than others. If I pass a judgement in his favor that detracts from his brother's rights, I am giving him a piece of fire.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَمَنْ قَطَعْتُ لَهُ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ قِطْعَةً فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ  

“Whoever claims something that does not belong to him; he is not one of us, so let him take his place in Hell.”  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنِ ادَّعَى مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا وَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ  

“Whoever takes the wrongdoer's side in a dispute or supports wrongdoing, he will remain subject to the wrath of Allah until he gives it up.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعَانَ عَلَى خُصُومَةٍ بِظُلْمٍ أَوْ يُعِينُ عَلَى ظُلْمٍ لَمْ يَزَلْ فِي سَخَطِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَنْزِعَ  

“If the people were given what they claimed, some would have claimed the lives and property of men. But the one the claim is made against is obliged to swear an oath.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمُ ادَّعَى نَاسٌ دِمَاءَ رِجَالٍ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَكِنِ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ  

“There was a dispute between myself and a Jewish man concerning some land, and he denied me my rights so I brought him to the Prophet ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: 'Do you have proof' I said: 'No.’ He said to the Jews, 'Swear an oath.' I said: 'If he swears an oath he will take my property.' Then Allah, Glorious is He, revealed: 'Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter (Paradise). Neither will Allah neither speak to them nor look at them on the Day of Resurrection nor will He purifies them, and they shall have a painful torment.'”  

كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ أَرْضٌ فَجَحَدَنِي فَقَدَّمْتُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَلْ لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ احْلِفْ قُلْتُ إِذًا يَحْلِفَ فَيَذْهَبَ بِمَالِي فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً} إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ  

“Whoever swears a false oath in order to seize the wealth of a Muslim unlawfully, he will meet Allah when He is angry with him.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ يَقْتَطِعُ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ  

“No man seizes the wealth of a Muslim unlawfully by means of his (false) oath, but Allah will deny Paradise to him and will doom him to Hell.” A man among the people said: “O Messenger of Allah, even if it is something small?” He said: “Even if it is a twig of an Arak tree.”  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لاَ يَقْتَطِعُ رَجُلٌ حَقَّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينِهِ إِلاَّ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَوْجَبَ لَهُ النَّارَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ سِوَاكًا مِنْ أَرَاكٍ  

'Whoever swears a false oath near this pulpit of mine, let him take his place in Hell, even if it is for a green twig.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ عِنْدَ مِنْبَرِي هَذَا فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَلَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ أَخْضَرَ  

I heard Abu Salamah say: I heard Abu Hurairah say: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'No man or woman swears a false oath beside this pulpit, even if it is for a fresh twig, but he will be doomed to Hell.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَحْلِفُ عِنْدَ هَذَا الْمِنْبَرِ عَبْدٌ وَلاَ أَمَةٌ عَلَى يَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ وَلَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ رَطْبٍ إِلاَّ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ  

“ Swear by the One Who sent the Torah (Tawrah) down to Musa.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا رَجُلاً مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكَ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى  

“Swear by Allah Who sent the Tawrah down to Musa, peace be upon him.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِيَهُودِيَّيْنِ نَشَدْتُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ  

he said that two men laid claim to an animal, and neither of them had any proof, so the Prophet ﷺ commanded them to cast lots as to which of them should swear an oath.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ ادَّعَيَا دَابَّةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَأَمَرَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْتَهِمَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ  

two men referred a dispute to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning an animal, and neither of them had proof, so he ruled that it should be divided in half.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اخْتَصَمَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلاَنِ بَيْنَهُمَا دَابَّةٌ وَلَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَجَعَلَهَا بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ  

“If a man loses something, or it is stolen from him, and he finds it in the possession of a man who bought it, then he has more right to it, and the one who bought it should ask for his money back from the one who sold it to him.' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا ضَاعَ لِلرَّجُلِ مَتَاعٌ أَوْ سُرِقَ لَهُ مَتَاعٌ فَوَجَدَهُ فِي يَدِ رَجُلٍ يَبِيعُهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ وَيَرْجِعُ الْمُشْتَرِي عَلَى الْبَائِعِ بِالثَّمَنِ  

Ibn Muhayyisah Al-Ansari told him that a she-camel belonging to Bara used to wander free. It entered a garden belonging to some people and caused some damage. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was told of that, and he ruled that property was to be protected by its owners of livestock were responsible for any damage caused by their animals during the night.  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ نَاقَةً لِلْبَرَاءِ كَانَتْ ضَارِيَةً دَخَلَتْ فِي حَائِطِ قَوْمٍ فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ فَكُلِّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهَا فَقَضَى أَنَّ حِفْظَ الأَمْوَالِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا بِالنَّهَارِ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَوَاشِي مَا أَصَابَتْ مَوَاشِيهِمْ بِاللَّيْلِ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ أَنَّ نَاقَةً لآلِ الْبَرَاءِ أَفْسَدَتْ شَيْئًا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ  

'I said to 'Aishah: Tell me about the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' She said: 'Have you not read the Qur'an: “And verily, you (O Mohammed {SAW}) are on an exalted (standard of) character?” She said: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was with his Companions, and I made some food for him, and Hafsah made some food for him, but Hafash got there before me. So I said to the slave girl: “Overturn her bowl.” She went and caught up with her, and she was about to put (the bowl) in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She overturned it and the bowl broke, scattering the food. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gathered the pieces and the food on the leather mat and they ate. Then he sent for my bowl and gave it to Hafsah, and said: “Take this pot in place of your pot, and eat what is in it.” And I did not see any expression of anger on the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' ”  

عَنْ خُلُقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ أَوَمَا تَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ {وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ} قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ فَصَنَعْتُ لَهُ طَعَامًا وَصَنَعَتْ حَفْصَةُ لَهُ طَعَامًا قَالَتْ فَسَبَقَتْنِي حَفْصَةُ فَقُلْتُ لِلْجَارِيَةِ انْطَلِقِي فَأَكْفِئِي قَصْعَتَهَا فَلَحِقَتْهَا وَقَدْ هَوَتْ أَنْ تَضَعَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَكْفَأَتْهَا فَانْكَسَرَتِ الْقَصْعَةُ وَانْتَشَرَ الطَّعَامُ قَالَتْ فَجَمَعَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ عَلَى النِّطَعِ فَأَكَلُوا ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بِقَصْعَتِي فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَى حَفْصَةَ فَقَالَ خُذُوا ظَرْفًا مَكَانَ ظَرْفِكُمْ قَالَتْ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ  

“The Prophet ﷺ was with one of the Mothers of the Believers (his wives) and another (wife) sent a bowl containing food. She (the first wife) struck the hand of the Messenger of ﷺ and the bowl fell and broke. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the two pieces and put them back together, then he started gathering up the food and putting it in (the bowl). He said: 'Your mother was jealous. Eat.' So they ate, and she (the wife who broke the bowl) brought the bowl that was in her house and gave the intact bowl to the Messenger ﷺ, who left the broken bowl in the house of the one who broke it.”  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِنْدَ إِحْدَى أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَرْسَلَتْ أُخْرَى بِقَصْعَةٍ فِيهَا طَعَامٌ فَضَرَبَتْ يَدَ الرَّسُولِ فَسَقَطَتِ الْقَصْعَةُ فَانْكَسَرَتْ فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكِسْرَتَيْنِ فَضَمَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا إِلَى الأُخْرَى فَجَعَلَ يَجْمَعُ فِيهَا الطَّعَامَ وَيَقُولُ غَارَتْ أُمُّكُمْ كُلُوا فَأَكَلُوا حَتَّى جَاءَتْ بِقَصْعَتِهَا الَّتِي فِي بَيْتِهَا فَدَفَعَ الْقَصْعَةَ الصَّحِيحَةَ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ وَتَرَكَ الْمَكْسُورَةَ فِي بَيْتِ الَّتِي كَسَرَتْهَا  

“The Prophet ﷺ: 'When anyone of you asks his neighbor for permission to fix a piece of wood to his wall, he should not refuse him. 'When Abu Hurairah told them this, they lowered their heads, and when he saw them he said: 'Why do I see you turning away from it? By Allah, I will force you to accept it.' ”  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَ أَحَدَكُمْ جَارُهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِي جِدَارِهِ فَلاَ يَمْنَعْهُ فَلَمَّا حَدَّثَهُمْ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ طَأْطَئُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ قَالَ مَالِي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ وَاللَّهِ لأَرْمِيَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ  

there were two brothers from among the sons of Mughirah. One of them swore an oath to set a slave free if the other one fixed a piece of wood to his wall. Mujammi' bin Yazid and many men from among the Ansar came and said: “We bear witness that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'None of you should refuse to let his neighbor fix a piece of wood to his wall.' ” He said: 'O my brother, judgment has been passed in your favor against me, but I have sworn an oath.' So go ahead and fix your wood to my wall.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَمْنَعْ أَحَدُكُمْ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِي جِدَارِهِ فَقَالَ يَا أَخِي إِنَّكَ مَقْضِيٌّ لَكَ عَلَىَّ وَقَدْ حَلَفْتُ فَاجْعَلْ أُسْطُوَانًا دُونَ حَائِطِي أَوْ جِدَارِي فَاجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِ خَشَبَكَ  

“No one of you should refuse to let his neighbor fix a piece of wood to his wall.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَمْنَعْ أَحَدُكُمْ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَضَعَ خَشَبَةً عَلَى جِدَارِهِ  

“Make the path seven forearms length wide.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اجْعَلُوا الطَّرِيقَ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ  

“When you dispute concerning a path, make it seven forearms length wide.' ”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَاجْعَلُوهُ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ  

“There should be neither harming nor reciprocating harm.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى أَنْ لاَ ضَرَرَ وَلاَ ضِرَارَ  

“There should be neither harming nor reciprocating harm.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ ضَرَرَ وَلاَ ضِرَارَ  

“Whoever harms others, Allah (SWT) will harm him; and whoever causes hardship to other Allah will cause hardship to him.”  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ ضَارَّ أَضَرَّ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَمَنْ شَاقَّ شَقَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ  

some people referred a dispute to the Prophet ﷺ about a hut, so that he could judge between them. He sent Hudhaifah to judge between them, and he ruled in favor of those who had the rope (with which the hut was blinded together). When he went back to the Prophet ﷺ he told him (what he had done) and he said: “You did the right thing, and you did well.”  

أَنَّ قَوْمًا اخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي خُصٍّ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَبَعَثَ حُذَيْفَةَ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَضَى لِلَّذِينَ يَلِيهِمُ الْقِمْطُ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ أَصَبْتَ وَأَحْسَنْتَ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “If a product is sold to two men, it is for the one who was first.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا بِيعَ الْبَيْعُ مِنْ رَجُلَيْنِ فَالْبَيْعُ لِلأَوَّلِ قَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِبْطَالُ الْخَلاَصِ  

a man had six slaves, and he did not have any other wealth apart from them, and he set them free when he died. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided them into groups, set two free and left four as slaves.  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً كَانَ لَهُ سِتَّةُ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً  

two men disputed concerning a transaction, and neither of them had proof. The Messenger of Allah commanded them to draw lots as to which of them should swear an oath, whether they liked it or not.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ تَدَارَءَا فِي بَيْعٍ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَأَمَرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْتَهِمَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ أَحَبَّا ذَلِكَ أَمْ كَرِهَا  

when the Prophet ﷺ traveled, he would cast lots among his wives (to decide which one would accompany him).  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا سَافَرَ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ  

“A case was brought to 'Ali bin Abu Talib when he was in Yemen, concerning three men who had intercourse with a woman during one period of being free from menses. He asked two of them: “Do you affirm that this child belongs to (the third man)?” And they said: “No.” He asked another two of them: “Do you affirm that this child belongs to (the third man)?” And they said: “No.” Every time he asked two of them whether they affirmed that the child belonged to the third, they would say no. So he cast lots between them, and attributed the child to the one whose name was chosen in this manner, and obliged him to pay two thirds of the Diyah. The Prophet ﷺ was told of this, and he smiled so broadly that his back teeth became visible.  

أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ فَقَالاَ لاَ ثُمَّ سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ فَقَالاَ لاَ فَجَعَلَ كُلَّمَا سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ قَالاَ لاَ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالَّذِي أَصَابَتْهُ الْقُرْعَةُ وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ ثُلُثَىِ الدِّيَةِ فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came in one day looking happy, and said: 'O 'Aishah, did you not see that Mujazziz Al-Mudliji entered upon me and saw Usamah and Zaid. There was a blanket over them and their faces were covered but their feet were exposed, and he said: 'These feet belong to one another'.”  

دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ مَسْرُورًا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا عَائِشَةُ أَلَمْ تَرَىْ أَنَّ مُجَزِّزًا الْمُدْلِجِيَّ دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ فَرَأَى أُسَامَةَ وَزَيْدًا عَلَيْهِمَا قَطِيفَةٌ قَدْ غَطَّيَا رُءُوسَهُمَا وَقَدْ بَدَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ  

the Quraish went to a sorceress and they said to her: “Tell us whose footprints most resemble those of the owner of Al-Maqam (the station of Ibrahim).” She said: “If you spread a piece of cloth over this soft earth and walk over it, I will tell you.” So they spread out a piece of cloth and the people walked over it. She saw the footprints of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: “This one most closely resembles him among you.” After that twenty years passed, of as long as Allah willed, then Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ (i.e., missioned him as the Prophet).  

أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَتَوُا امْرَأَةً كَاهِنَةً فَقَالُوا لَهَا أَخْبِرِينَا أَشْبَهَنَا أَثَرًا بِصَاحِبِ الْمَقَامِ فَقَالَتْ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ جَرَرْتُمْ كِسَاءً عَلَى هَذِهِ السِّهْلَةِ ثُمَّ مَشَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهَا أَنْبَأْتُكُمْ قَالَ فَجَرُّوا كِسَاءً ثُمَّ مَشَى النَّاسُ عَلَيْهَا فَأَبْصَرَتْ أَثَرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ هَذَا أَقْرَبُكُمْ إِلَيْهِ شَبَهًا ثُمَّ مَكَثُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً أَوْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ  

the Prophet ﷺ gave a child the choice between his father and his mother (i.e., which parent to live with). He said: “O boy, this is your mother and this is your father.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَيَّرَ غُلاَمًا بَيْنَ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَقَالَ يَا غُلاَمُ هَذِهِ أُمُّكَ وَهَذَا أَبُوكَ  

his parents referred their dispute to the Prophet ﷺ, and one of them was a disbeliever. He (the Prophet ﷺ) said: “O Allah, guide him,” and he turned towards the Muslim, and he ruled that he should go with that parent.  

أَنَّ أَبَوَيْهِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَحَدُهُمَا كَافِرٌ وَالآخَرُ مُسْلِمٌ فَخَيَّرَهُ فَتَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْكَافِرِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِهِ فَتَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فَقَضَى لَهُ بِهِ  

“I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: 'Reconciling between Muslims is permissible, except reconciliation that forbids something that is allowed, or allows something that is forbidden.'”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ الصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلاَّ صُلْحًا حَرَّمَ حَلاَلاً أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا  

there was a man at the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ whose mental faculties were lacking, and he used to buy and sell. His family came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, “O Messenger of Allah, stop him.” So The Prophet ﷺ called him, and told him not to do that. He said: “O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I cannot bear to be away from business.” He said, “If you engage in a transaction then say: “Take it (i.e., the goods) and don't cheat (me).' ”  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً كَانَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي عُقْدَتِهِ ضَعْفٌ وَكَانَ يُبَايِعُ وَأَنَّ أَهْلَهُ أَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ احْجُرْ عَلَيْهِ فَدَعَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَنَهَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لاَ أَصْبِرُ عَنِ الْبَيْعِ فَقَالَ إِذَا بَايَعْتَ فَقُلْ هَا وَلاَ خِلاَبَةَ  

“My grandfather was Munqidh bin 'Amr. He was a man who had suffered a head wound and lost the power of speech, but that did not stop him from engaging in trade. He was always being cheated, so he went to the Prophet ﷺ and told him about that. He said to him: 'When you buy something, say: “There should be no intention of cheating,” and for every product you buy, you have the choice for three nights. If you are pleased with it, keep it, and if you are displeased then return it.'”  

هُوَ جَدِّي مُنْقِذُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَكَانَ رَجُلاً قَدْ أَصَابَتْهُ آمَّةٌ فِي رَأْسِهِ فَكَسَرَتْ لِسَانَهُ وَكَانَ لاَ يَدَعُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ التِّجَارَةَ وَكَانَ لاَ يَزَالُ يُغْبَنُ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِذَا أَنْتَ بَايَعْتَ فَقُلْ لاَ خِلاَبَةَ ثُمَّ أَنْتَ فِي كُلِّ سِلْعَةٍ ابْتَعْتَهَا بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلاَثَ لَيَالٍ فَإِنْ رَضِيتَ فَأَمْسِكْ وَإِنْ سَخِطْتَ فَارْدُدْهَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا  

“At the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, a man suffered loss of some fruit that he had purchase, and his debts increased. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Give him charity.' So the people gave him charity, but that was not enough to pay off his debts. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Take what you find, but you have no right to more than that, meaning his creditors.”  

أُصِيبَ رَجُلٌ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ثِمَارٍ ابْتَاعَهَا فَكَثُرَ دَيْنُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَصَدَّقُوا عَلَيْهِ فَتَصَدَّقَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ وَفَاءَ دَيْنِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خُذُوا مَا وَجَدْتُمْ وَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ إِلاَّ ذَلِكَ يَعْنِي الْغُرَمَاءَ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ rid Mu'adh bin Jabal of his creditors, then he appointed him governor of Yemen. Mu'adh said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ settled my debts with my creditors using what wealth I had, then he appointed me as governor.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلَعَ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ مِنْ غُرَمَائِهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَخْلَصَنِي بِمَالِي ثُمَّ اسْتَعْمَلَنِي