30. Fasting
٣٠۔ كتاب الصوم
Two fasts and two kinds of sale are forbidden: fasting on the day of ʿId ul Fitr and ʿId-ul-Adha and the kinds of sale called Mulamasa and Munabadha. (These two kinds of sale used to be practiced in the days of Pre-Islamic period of ignorance; Mulamasa means when you touch something displayed for sale you have to buy it; Munabadha means when the seller throws something to you, you have to buy it.)
عَنْ صِيَامَيْنِ وَبَيْعَتَيْنِ الْفِطْرِ وَالنَّحْرِ وَالْمُلاَمَسَةِ وَالْمُنَابَذَةِ
A man went to Ibn ʿUmar I. and said, "A man vowed to fast one day (the sub-narrator thinks that he said that the day was Monday), and that day happened to be ʿId day." Ibn ʿUmar said, "Allah orders vows to be fulfilled and the Prophet ﷺ forbade the fasting on this day (i.e. Id).
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَصُومَ يَوْمًا قَالَ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ الاِثْنَيْنِ فَوَافَقَ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِوَفَاءِ النَّذْرِ وَنَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ صَوْمِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ
(who fought in twelve Ghazawat in the company of the Prophet). I heard four things from the Prophet ﷺ and they won my admiration. He said; -1. "No lady should travel on a journey of two days except with her husband or a Dhi-Mahram; -2. "No fasting is permissible on the two days of Id-ul-Fitr and ʿId-ul-Adha; -3. "No prayer (may be offered) after the morning compulsory prayer until the sun rises; and no prayer after the ʿAsr prayer till the sun sets; -4. "One should travel only for visiting three Masjid (Mosques): Masjid-al-Haram (Mecca), Masjid-al- Aqsa (Jerusalem), and this (my) Mosque (at Medina).
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ ؓ وَكَانَ غَزَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثِنْتَىْ عَشْرَةَ غَزْوَةً قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَرْبَعًا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَعْجَبْنَنِي قَالَ لاَ تُسَافِرِ الْمَرْأَةُ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمَيْنِ إِلاَّ وَمَعَهَا زَوْجُهَا أَوْ ذُو مَحْرَمٍ وَلاَ صَوْمَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ الْفِطْرِ وَالأَضْحَى وَلاَ صَلاَةَ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ وَلاَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ وَلاَ تُشَدُّ الرِّحَالُ إِلاَّ إِلَى ثَلاَثَةِ مَسَاجِدَ مَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَمَسْجِدِ الأَقْصَى وَمَسْجِدِي هَذَا