The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone swears a false oath in confinement, he should make his seat in Hell on account of his (act).  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ مَصْبُورَةٍ كَاذِبًا فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ بِوَجْهِهِ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: He who swears an oath in which he tells a lie to take the property of a Muslim by unfair means, will meet Allah while He is angry with him. Al-Ash'ath said: I swear by Allah, he said this about me. There was some land between me and a Jew, but he denied it to me; so I presented him to the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ asked me: Have you any evidence? I replied: No. He said to the Jew: Take an oath. I said: Messenger of Allah, now he will take an oath and take my property. So Allah, the Exalted, revealed the verse, "As for those who sell the faith they owe to Allah and their own plighted word for a small price, they shall have no portion in the hereafter."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَقَالَ الأَشْعَثُ فِيَّ وَاللَّهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ أَرْضٌ فَجَحَدَنِي فَقَدَّمْتُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ احْلِفْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذًا يَحْلِفُ وَيَذْهَبُ بِمَالِي فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى { إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً } إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ  

A man of Kindah and a man of Hadramawt brought their dispute to the Prophet ﷺ about a land in the Yemen. Al-Hadrami said: Messenger of Allah, the father of this (man) usurped my land and it is in his possession. The Prophet asked: Have you any evidence? Al-Hadrami replied: No, but I make him swear (that he should say) that he does not know that it is my land which his father usurped from me. Al-Kindi became ready to take the oath. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If anyone usurps the property by taking an oath, he will meet Allah while his hand is mutilated. Al-Kindi then said: It is his land.  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ كِنْدَةَ وَرَجُلاً مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أَرْضٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَرْضِي اغْتَصَبَنِيهَا أَبُو هَذَا وَهِيَ فِي يَدِهِ قَالَ هَلْ لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قَالَ لاَ وَلَكِنْ أُحَلِّفُهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا أَرْضِي اغْتَصَبَنِيهَا أَبُوهُ فَتَهَيَّأَ الْكِنْدِيُّ لِلْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَقْتَطِعُ أَحَدٌ مَالاً بِيَمِينٍ إِلاَّ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ أَجْذَمُ فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضُهُ  

On the Authority of his father: A man from Hadramawt and a man of Kindah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Al-Hadrami said: Messenger of Allah, this (man) took away forcibly from me the land which belongs to my father. Al-Kindi said: It is my land in my possession, and I cultivate it, he has no right to it. The Prophet ﷺ then said to al-Hadrami: Have you any proof ? He said: No. He then said: So for you is his oath. He said: Messenger of Allah, he is liar, he does not care for which he is taking the oath. He does not refrain himself from anything. The Prophet ﷺ said: You will have nothing from him except that. He went to take an oath for him. When he turned his back, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If he takes an oath on the property to take it away by unfair means, he will meet Allah while He is unmindful of him.  

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضٍ كَانَتْ لأَبِي فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضِي فِي يَدِي أَزْرَعُهَا لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ فَاجِرٌ لاَ يُبَالِي مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ لَيْسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِنْ شَىْءٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ ذَاكَ فَانْطَلَقَ لِيَحْلِفَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَا لَئِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالٍ لِيَأْكُلَهُ ظَالِمًا لَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللَّهَ ﷻ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: One should not take a false oath at this pulpit of mine even on a green tooth-stick; otherwise he will make his abode in Hell, or Hell will be certain for him.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَحْلِفُ أَحَدٌ عِنْدَ مِنْبَرِي هَذَا عَلَى يَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ وَلَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ أَخْضَرَ إِلاَّ تَبَوَّأَ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ أَوْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: If anyone swears on oath is the course which he says: "By al-Lat" he should say: There is no god but Allah, and that if anyone says to his friend: Come and let me play for money with you, he should give something in charity (sadaqah).  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ فِي حَلِفِهِ وَاللاَّتِ فَلْيَقُلْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ قَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ تَعَالَ أُقَامِرْكَ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بِشَىْءٍ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Do not swear by your fathers, or by your mothers, or by rivals to Allah; and swear by Allah only, and swear by Allah only when you are speaking the truth.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ وَلاَ بِأُمَّهَاتِكُمْ وَلاَ بِالأَنْدَادِ وَلاَ تَحْلِفُوا إِلاَّ بِاللَّهِ وَلاَ تَحْلِفُوا بِاللَّهِ إِلاَّ وَأَنْتُمْ صَادِقُونَ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ found 'Umar al-Khattab in a caravan while he was swearing by his father. So he said: Allah forbids you to swear by forefathers. If anyone swears, he must swear by Allah or keep silence.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَدْرَكَهُ وَهُوَ فِي رَكْبٍ وَهُوَ يَحْلِفُ بِأَبِيهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ فَمَنْ كَانَ حَالِفًا فَلْيَحْلِفْ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ لِيَسْكُتْ  

" 'Umar said: I swear by Allah, I never swore by it personally or reporting it from others."  

سَمِعَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحْوَ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَى بِآبَائِكُمْ زَادَ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا حَلَفْتُ بِهَذَا ذَاكِرًا وَلاَ آثِرًا  

Ibn Umar heard a man swearing: No, I swear by the Ka'bah. Ibn Umar said to him: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: He who swears by anyone but Allah is polytheist.  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ أَشْرَكَ  

He became successful, by his father, if he speaks the truth, he will enter paradise, by his father, if he speaks truth.  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَفْلَحَ وَأَبِيهِ إِنْ صَدَقَ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَبِيهِ إِنْ صَدَقَ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: He who swears by Amanah (faithfulness) is not one of us.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِالأَمَانَةِ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said about the futile oath: It is man's speech in his house: No, by Allah, and Yes, by Allah. Abu Dawud said: Ibrahim al-Sa'igh, the narrator of this tradition , was a pious man. Abu Muslim killed him at 'Aranda. When he raised a hammed and heard the call to prayer, he gave it up. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been transmitted by Dawud b. Abi al-Furat from Ibrahim al-Sa'igh as a statement of 'Aishah (not attributed to the Prophet). Similarly, it has been transmitted by al-Zuhri, 'Abd al-Malik b. Abi Sulaiman and Malik b. Mughul. All of them transmitted it from 'Ata on the authority of 'Aishah on her own statement.  

عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ هُوَ كَلاَمُ الرَّجُلِ فِي بَيْتِهِ كَلاَّ وَاللَّهِ وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Your oath should be about something regarding which your companion will believe you. Musaddad said: 'Abd Allah b. Abi Salih narrated to me. Abu Dawud said: Both of them refer to the same person: 'Abbad b. Abu Salih and 'Abd Allah b. Abi Salih.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمِينُكَ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُكَ عَلَيْهَا صَاحِبُكَ قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ  

We went out intending (to visit) the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Wa'il ibn Hujr was with us. His enemy caught him. The people desisted from swearing an oath, but I took an oath that he was my brother. So he left him. We then came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I informed him that the people desisted from taking the oath, but I swore that he was my brother. He said: You spoke the truth: A Muslim is a brother of a Muslim.  

خَرَجْنَا نُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَعَنَا وَائِلُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ فَأَخَذَهُ عَدُوٌّ لَهُ فَتَحَرَّجَ الْقَوْمُ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا وَحَلَفْتُ أَنَّهُ أَخِي فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ تَحَرَّجُوا أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا وَحَلَفْتُ أَنَّهُ أَخِي قَالَ صَدَقْتَ الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ  

That he took oath of allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ under the tree. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If anyone swears by religion other than Islam falsely, he is like what has has said. If anyone kills himself with something, he will be punished with it on the Day of Resurrection. A vow over which a man has no control is not binding on him.  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ بَايَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِمِلَّةٍ غَيْرِ مِلَّةِ الإِسْلاَمِ كَاذِبًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ وَمَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِشَىْءٍ عُذِّبَ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ نَذْرٌ فِيمَا لاَ يَمْلِكُهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone takes an oath and says: I am free from Islam; now if he is a liar (in his oath), he will not return to Islam with soundness.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الإِسْلاَمِ فَإِنْ كَانَ كَاذِبًا فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا فَلَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الإِسْلاَمِ سَالِمًا  

I saw that the Prophet ﷺ put a date on a loaf and said: This is a thing eaten with bread (condiments).  

رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَضَعَ تَمْرَةً عَلَى كِسْرَةٍ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ إِدَامُ هَذِهِ  

A similar tradition has also been transmitted by Yusuf b. 'Abd Allah b. Salam through a different chain of narrators.  

عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلاَمٍ مِثْلَهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone says when swearing an oath: "If Allah wills," he makes an exception.  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَقَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَقَدِ اسْتَثْنَى  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone swears an oath and makes an exception, he may fulfil it if he wishes and break it if he wishes without any accountability for breaking.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ فَاسْتَثْنَى فَإِنْ شَاءَ رَجَعَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ غَيْرَ حِنْثٍ  

The oath which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ often used was this: No, by Him who overturns the hearts.  

أَكْثَرُ مَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَحْلِفُ بِهَذِهِ الْيَمِينِ لاَ وَمُقَلِّبِ الْقُلُوبِ  

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ swore an oath strongly, he said: No, by Him in Whose hand is the soul of AbulQasim.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ فِي الْيَمِينِ قَالَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ بِيَدِهِ  

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ swore an oath, it was: No, and I beg forgiveness of Allah.  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ كَانَتْ يَمِينُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا حَلَفَ يَقُولُ لاَ وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ  

We came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a delegation. The Prophet ﷺ then said: By the age of thy god.  

أَنَّ لَقِيطَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ خَرَجَ وَافِدًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَقِيطٌ فَقَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا فِيهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَعَمْرُ إِلَهِكَ  

AbuBakr adjured the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ said: Do not adjure an oath.  

أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لاَ تُقْسِمْ  

Abu Hurairah narrated that a man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: I had a dream last night, and he then mentioned it. So Abu Bakr interpreted it. The Prophet ﷺ said: You are partly right and partly wrong. He then said: I adjure you, Messenger of Allah, may my father be sacrificed on you, do tell me the mistake I have committed. The Prophet ﷺ said: Do not adjure.  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَرَى اللَّيْلَةَ فَذَكَرَ رُؤْيَا فَعَبَّرَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَصَبْتَ بَعْضًا وَأَخْطَأْتَ بَعْضًا فَقَالَ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ لَتُحَدِّثَنِّي مَا الَّذِي أَخْطَأْتُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لاَ تُقْسِمْ  

"He did not inform him."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْقَسَمَ زَادَ فِيهِ وَلَمْ يُخْبِرْهُ  

Some guests visited us, and Abu Bakr was conversing with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at night. He (Abu Bakr) said: I will not return to you until you are free from their entertainment and serving them food. So he brought them food, but they said: We shall not eat it until Abu Bakr comes (back). Abu Bakr then came and asked: What did your guest do? Are you free from their entertainment ? They said: No. I said: I brought them food, but they refused and said: We swear by Allah, we shall not take it until he comes. They said: He spoke the truth. He brought it to us, but we refused (to take it) until you come. He asked: What did prevent you ? He said: I swear by Allah, I shall not take food tonight. They said: And we also swear by Allah that we shall not take food until you take it. He said: I never saw an evil like the one tonight. He said: Bring your food near (you). He ('Abd al-Rahman) said: Their food was then brought near them. He said: In the name of Allah, and he took the food, and they also took it. I then informed him that the dawn had broken. So he went to th Prophet ﷺ and informed him of what he and they had done. He said: You are the most obedient and most trustful of them.  

وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَتَحَدَّثُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِاللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ لاَ أَرْجِعَنَّ إِلَيْكَ حَتَّى تَفْرَغَ مِنْ ضِيَافَةِ هَؤُلاَءِ وَمِنْ قِرَاهُمْ فَأَتَاهُمْ بِقِرَاهُمْ فَقَالُوا لاَ نَطْعَمُهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ فَقَالَ مَا فَعَلَ أَضْيَافُكُمْ أَفَرَغْتُمْ مِنْ قِرَاهُمْ قَالُوا لاَ قُلْتُ قَدْ أَتَيْتُهُمْ بِقِرَاهُمْ فَأَبَوْا وَقَالُوا وَاللَّهِ لاَ نَطْعَمُهُ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ فَقَالُوا صَدَقَ قَدْ أَتَانَا بِهِ فَأَبَيْنَا حَتَّى تَجِيءَ قَالَ فَمَا مَنَعَكُمْ قَالُوا مَكَانُكَ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَطْعَمُهُ اللَّيْلَةَ قَالَ فَقَالُوا وَنَحْنُ وَاللَّهِ لاَ نَطْعَمُهُ حَتَّى تَطْعَمَهُ قَالَ مَا رَأَيْتُ فِي الشَّرِّ كَاللَّيْلَةِ قَطُّ قَالَ قَرِّبُوا طَعَامَكُمْ قَالَ فَقُرِّبَ طَعَامُهُمْ فَقَالَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ فَطَعِمَ وَطَعِمُوا فَأُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّهُ أَصْبَحَ فَغَدَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِالَّذِي صَنَعَ وَصَنَعُوا قَالَ بَلْ أَنْتَ أَبَرُّهُمْ وَأَصْدَقُهُمْ  

"Expiation (for breaking the oath) has not reached me."  

وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي كَفَّارَةً  

There were two brothers among the Ansar who shared an inheritance. When one of them asked the other for the portion due to him, he replied: If you ask me again for the portion due to you, all my property will be devoted to the decoration of the Ka'bah. Umar said to him: The Ka'bah does not need your property. Make atonement for your oath and speak to your brother. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: An oath or vow to disobey the Lord, or to break ties of relationship or about something over which one has no control is not binding on you.  

أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا مِيرَاثٌ فَسَأَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ الْقِسْمَةَ فَقَالَ إِنْ عُدْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْقِسْمَةِ فَكُلُّ مَالٍ لِي فِي رِتَاجِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ إِنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ غَنِيَّةٌ عَنْ مَالِكَ كَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَكَلِّمْ أَخَاكَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لاَ يَمِينَ عَلَيْكَ وَلاَ نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ الرَّبِّ وَفِي قَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَفِيمَا لاَ تَمْلِكُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: A vow is binding in those things by which the pleasure of Allah is sought, and an oath to break ties of relationship is not binding.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نَذْرَ إِلاَّ فِيمَا يُبْتَغَى بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ وَلاَ يَمِينَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: An oath or a vow about something over which a human being has no control, and to disobey Allah, and to break ties of relationship is not binding. If anyone takes an oath and then considers something else better than it, he should give it up, and do what is better, for leaving it is its atonement. Abu Dawud said: All sound traditions from the Prophet ﷺ say: "He should make atonement for his oath," except those versions which are not reliable. Abu Dawud said: I said to Ahmad: Yahya b. Sa'id (al-Qattan) has transmitted this tradition from Yahya b. 'Ubaid Allah. He (Ahmad b. Hanbal) said: But he gave it up after that, and he was competent for doing it. Ahmad said: His (Yahya b. 'Ubaid Allah's) tradition are munkar (rejected) and his father is not known.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ نَذْرَ وَلاَ يَمِينَ فِيمَا لاَ يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ وَلاَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ وَلاَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَدَعْهَا وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ فَإِنَّ تَرْكَهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا  

Two men brought their dispute to the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ asked the plaintiff to produce evidence, but he had no evidence. So he asked the defendant to swear. He swore by Allah "There is no god but He." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Yes, you have done it, but you have been forgiven for the sincerity of the statement: "There is no god but Allah." Abu Dawud said: This tradition means that he did not command him to make atonement  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الطَّالِبَ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ فَاسْتَحْلَفَ الْمَطْلُوبَ فَحَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَلَى قَدْ فَعَلْتَ وَلَكِنْ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَكَ بِإِخْلاَصِ قَوْلِ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ  

On the authority of his father that the Prophet ﷺ said: I swear by Allah that if Allah wills I shall swear on an oath and then consider something else to be better than it without making atonement for my oath and doing the thing that is better. Or he said (according to another version): But doing the thing that is better and making atonement for my oath.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لاَ أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَأَرَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلاَّ كَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي وَأَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ أَوْ قَالَ إِلاَّ أَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفَّرْتُ يَمِينِي  

The Prophet ﷺ said to me: 'Abd al-Rahman b. Samurah, when you swear an oath and consider something else to be better than it, do the thing that is beter and make atonement for your oath. Abu Dawud said: I heard Ahmad (b. Hanbal) permitting to make atonement before breaking the oath.  

لِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ سَمُرَةَ إِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتَ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفِّرْ يَمِينَكَ  

"Make atonement for your oath and then do the thing that is better." Abu Dawud said: The version of this tradition transmitted by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, 'Adi b. Hatim and Abu Hurairah are variant. Some of them indicate breaking the oath before making atonement, and other making atonement before breaking the oath.  

عَنْ يَمِينِكَ ثُمَّ ائْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ  

Ibn Harmalah said: Umm Habib gave us a sa' and told us narration from the nephew of Safiyyah on the authority of Safiyyah that it was the sa' of the Prophet ﷺ. Anas ibn Ayyad said: I tested it and found its capacity two and half mudd according to the mudd of Hisham.  

عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبٍ بِنْتِ ذُؤَيْبِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمُزَنِيَّةِ وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ابْنِ أَخٍ لِصَفِيَّةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ حَرْمَلَةَ فَوَهَبَتْ لَنَا أُمُّ حَبِيبٍ صَاعًا حَدَّثَتْنَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَخِي صَفِيَّةَ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ أَنَّهُ صَاعُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ أَنَسٌ فَجَرَّبْتُهُ أَوْ قَالَ فَحَزَرْتُهُ فَوَجَدْتُهُ مُدَّيْنِ وَنِصْفًا بِمُدِّ هِشَامٍ  

We had a makkuk which was called Makkuk Khalid. Its capacity was two measurements according to the measurements of Harun. The narrator said: The sa' of Khalid was the sa' of Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik.  

يُقَالُ لَهُ مَكُّوكُ خَالِدٍ وَكَانَ كَيْلَجَتَيْنِ بِكَيْلَجَةِ هَارُونَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَاعُ خَالِدٍ صَاعُ هِشَامٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ  

When Khalid al-Qasri was made ruler (of Hijaz and Kufah), he doubled the measure of sa'. The sa' then measured sixteen rotls. Abu Dawud said: Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Khattab was slain by Negroes in confinement. He said while signing with his hand: "in this way". Abu Dawud extended his hand and turned his palms towards earth and said: I saw him in the dream and asked him: How did Allah deal with you ? He replied: He admitted to Paradise. I said: Your detention did not harm you.  

لَمَّا وُلِّيَ خَالِدٌ الْقَسْرِيُّ أَضْعَفَ الصَّاعَ فَصَارَ الصَّاعُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ رَطْلاً  

I said: Messenger of Allah, I have a slave girl whom I slapped. This grieved the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I said to him: Should I not emancipate her? He said: Bring her to me. He said: Then I brought her. He asked: Where is Allah ? She replied: In the heaven. He said: Who am I ? She replied: You are the Messenger of Allah. He said: Emancipate her, she is a believer.  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ جَارِيَةٌ لِي صَكَكْتُهَا صَكَّةً فَعَظَّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ أَفَلاَ أُعْتِقُهَا قَالَ ائْتِنِي بِهَا قَالَ فَجِئْتُ بِهَا قَالَ أَيْنَ اللَّهُ قَالَتْ فِي السَّمَاءِ قَالَ مَنْ أَنَا قَالَتْ أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَعْتِقْهَا فَإِنَّهَا مُؤْمِنَةٌ  

Sharid's mother left a will to emancipate a believing slave on her behalf. So he came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: Messenger of Allah, my mother left a will that I should emancipate a believing slave for her, and I have a black Nubian slave-girl. He mentioned a tradition about the test of the girl. Abu Dawud said: Khalid b. 'Abd Allah narrated this tradition direct from the Prophet ﷺ. He did not mention the name of al-Sharid.  

أَنْ يُعْتِقَ عَنْهَا رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي أَوْصَتْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهَا رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً وَعِنْدِي جَارِيَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ نُوبِيَّةٌ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ  

A man brought the Prophet ﷺ a black slave girl. He said: Messenger of Allah, emancipation of believing slave is due to me. He asked her: Where is Allah ? She pointed to the heaven with her finger. He then asked her: Who am I ? She pointed to the Prophet ﷺ and to the heaven, that is to say: You are the Messenger of Allah. He then said: Set her free, she is a believer.  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِجَارِيَةٍ سَوْدَاءَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عَلَىَّ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً فَقَالَ لَهَا أَيْنَ اللَّهُ فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ بِأُصْبُعِهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا فَمَنْ أَنَا فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَإِلَى السَّمَاءِ يَعْنِي أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَعْتِقْهَا فَإِنَّهَا مُؤْمِنَةٌ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: I swear by Allah, I shall fight against the Quraysh; I swear by Allah, I shall fight against the Quraysh; I swear by Allah, I shall fight against the Quraysh. He then said: "If Allah wills." Abu Dawud said: A number of persons have narrated this tradition from Sharik, from Simak, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn 'Abbas who reported from the Prophet ﷺ: "But he did not fight against them."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ لأَغْزُوَنَّ قُرَيْشًا وَاللَّهِ لأَغْزُوَنَّ قُرَيْشًا وَاللَّهِ لأَغْزُوَنَّ قُرَيْشًا ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ as saying: I swear by Allah, I shall fight against the Quraish. The then said: If Allah wills. He again said: I swear by Allah, I shall fight against the Quraish if Allah wills. He again said: I swear by Allah, I shall fight against the Quraish. He then kept silence. Then he said: If Allah wills. Abu Dawud said: Al-Walid b. Muslim said on the authority of Sharik: He then said: But he did not fight against them.  

وَاللَّهِ لأَغْزُوَنَّ قُرَيْشًا ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ لأَغْزُوَنَّ قُرَيْشًا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ لأَغْزُوَنَّ قُرَيْشًا ثُمَّ سَكَتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade to make a vow. He said: It has not effect against fate, it is only from the miserly that it is means by which something is extracted. Musaddad said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: A vow does not avert anything (i.e. has no effect against fate).  

أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْهَى عَنِ النَّذْرِ ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا وَيَقُولُ لاَ يَرُدُّ شَيْئًا وَإِنَّمَا يُسْتَخْرَجُ بِهِ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّذْرُ لاَ يَرُدُّ شَيْئًا  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: A vow does not provide for the son of Adam anything which I did not decree for him, but a vow draws it. A Divine decree is one which I have destined, it is extracted from a miser. He is given what he was not given before.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَأْتِي ابْنَ آدَمَ النَّذْرُ الْقَدَرَ بِشَىْءٍ لَمْ أَكُنْ قَدَّرْتُهُ لَهُ وَلَكِنْ يُلْقِيهِ النَّذْرُ الْقَدَرَ قَدَّرْتُهُ يُسْتَخْرَجُ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ يُؤْتَى عَلَيْهِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يُؤْتَى مِنْ قَبْلُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: If anyone vows to obey Allah, let him obey Him, but if anyone vows to disobey Him, let him not disobey Him.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللَّهَ فَلاَ يَعْصِهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ as saying: No vow must be taken to do an act of disobedience, and the atonement for it is the same as for an oath.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ  

I heard Ahmad b. Shabbuyah say: Ibn al-Mubarak said about this tradition that Abu Salamah had transmitted it. This indicates that al-Zuhri did not hear it from Abu Salamah. Ahmad b. Muhammad said: This is verified by what Ayyub b. Sulaiman narrated to us. Abu Dawud said: I heard Ahmad b. Hanbal say: I have corrupted this tradition for us. He was asked: Do you think that it is correct that this tradition has been corrupted? Has any person other than Ibn Abi Uwais transmitted it ? He replied: Ayyub was similar to him in respect of reliability, and Ayyub transmitted it.  

أَنَّ الزُّهْرِيَّ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَتَصْدِيقُ ذَلِكَ مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ