15. Judgements (1/2)
١٥۔ كتاب الأحكام ص ١
"Go and judge between the people." So he said: "Perhaps you can excuse me (from that) O Commander of the Believers!" He said: "Why do you have an aversion for that when your father judged?" He said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: 'Whoever was a judge and judged with justice, it still would have been better for him to have turned away from it completely.' What do I want after that?'" (Daif).
لاِبْنِ عُمَرَ اذْهَبْ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ قَالَ أَوَتُعَافِينِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ وَمَا تَكْرَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَقْضِي قَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَ قَاضِيًا فَقَضَى بِالْعَدْلِ فَبِالْحَرِيِّ أَنْ يَنْقَلِبَ مِنْهُ كَفَافًا فَمَا أَرْجُو بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
"The judges are three: Two judges that are in the Fire, and a judge that is in Paradise. A man who judges without the truth, and he knows that. This one is in the Fire. One who judges while not knowing, ruining the rights of the people. So he is in the Fire. A judge who judges with the truth, that is the one in Paradise."] (Daif)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْقُضَاةُ ثَلاَثَةٌ قَاضِيَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ فَعَلِمَ ذَاكَ فَذَاكَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ لاَ يَعْلَمُ فَأَهْلَكَ حُقُوقَ النَّاسِ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ فَذَلِكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ
"Whoever asks for a position as a judge, then he left on his own. And whoever is forced onto it, Allah sends an angel down to him so that he can be correct." (Daif)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ سَأَلَ الْقَضَاءَ وُكِلَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أُجْبِرَ عَلَيْهِ يُنْزِلُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكًا فَيُسَدِّدُهُ
"Whoever seeks to be a judge, and asks others to intercede for him with it, then he will be left on his own. And whoever is coerced into it, Allah sends an angel down to him so that he can be correct." (Daif)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنِ ابْتَغَى الْقَضَاءَ وَسَأَلَ فِيهِ شُفَعَاءَ وُكِلَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أُكْرِهَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكًا يُسَدِّدُهُ
"Whoever takes the responsibility of judge, or is appointed as judge between the people, then he has been slaughtered without a knife."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ وَلِيَ الْقَضَاءَ أَوْ جُعِلَ قَاضِيًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَقَدْ ذُبِحَ بِغَيْرِ سِكِّينٍ
15.2 What Has Been Related About The Judge That Is Correct And The Judge That Is Mistaken
١٥۔٢ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْقَاضِي يُصِيبُ وَيُخْطِئُ
"When the judge passes a judgement in which he strived and was correct, then he receives two rewards. And when he judges and is mistaken, then he receives one reward."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَأَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ وَاحِدٌ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِي وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ
15.3 What Has Been Related About How The Judge Is To Make A Judgement
١٥۔٣ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْقَاضِي كَيْفَ يَقْضِي
"How will you judge?" He said: "I will judge according to what is in Allah's Book." He said: "If it is not in Allah's Book ?" He said: "Then with the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He said: "If it is not in the Sunnah of Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" He said: "I will give in my view." He said: "All praise is due to Allah, the One Who made the messenger of the Messenger of Allah suitable."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَقْضِي فَقَالَ أَقْضِي بِمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَبِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي قَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ
(Another chain of narrators) from some people from the inhabitants of Hims, from Mu'adh, from the Prophet ﷺ, with similar.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ
15.4 What Has Been Related About The Just Imam
١٥۔٤ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الإِمَامِ الْعَادِلِ .
"Indeed, the most beloved of people to Allah on the Day of Judgement, and the nearest to Him in the status is the just Imam. And the most hated of people to Allah and the furthest from Him in status is the oppressive Imam."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ أَحَبَّ النَّاسِ إِلَى اللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَدْنَاهُمْ مِنْهُ مَجْلِسًا إِمَامٌ عَادِلٌ وَأَبْغَضَ النَّاسِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَبْعَدَهُمْ مِنْهُ مَجْلِسًا إِمَامٌ جَائِرٌ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى
"[Indeed] Allah is with the judge as long as he is not unjust. So when he is unjust, He leaves him and he is attended by Shaitan."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْقَاضِي مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ فَإِذَا جَارَ تَخَلَّى عَنْهُ وَلَزِمَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ
15.5 What Has Been Related About The Judge Not Judging Between Two Disputants Until He Has Heard Both Of Them
١٥۔٥ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْقَاضِي لاَ يَقْضِي بَيْنَ الْخَصْمَيْنِ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلاَمَهُمَا .
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: 'When two men come to you seeking judgement, do not judge for the first until you have heard the statement of the other. Soon you will know how to judge.'" 'Ali said: "I did not err since then."
لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا تَقَاضَى إِلَيْكَ رَجُلاَنِ فَلاَ تَقْضِ لِلأَوَّلِ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ كَلاَمَ الآخَرِ فَسَوْفَ تَدْرِي كَيْفَ تَقْضِي قَالَ عَلِيٌّ فَمَا زِلْتُ قَاضِيًا بَعْدُ
15.6 What Has Been Related About The Imam Who Looks After People
١٥۔٦ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي إِمَامِ الرَّعِيَّةِ .
"I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: 'No Imam closes his door on one in need, dire straits and poverty, except that Allah closes the gates of the Heavens from his dire straits, his needs, and his poverty.' So Mu'awiyah appointed a man to look after the needs of the people."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ إِمَامٍ يُغْلِقُ بَابَهُ دُونَ ذَوِي الْحَاجَةِ وَالْخَلَّةِ وَالْمَسْكَنَةِ إِلاَّ أَغْلَقَ اللَّهُ أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ دُونَ خَلَّتِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ وَمَسْكَنَتِهِ فَجَعَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ رَجُلاً عَلَى حَوَائِجِ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ
(Another chain) from Abu Maryam the Companion of the Prophet ﷺ, from the Prophet ﷺ.
عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ شَامِيٌّ وَبُرَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ كُوفِيٌّ وَأَبُو مَرْيَمَ هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ الْجُهَنِيُّ
15.7 What Has Been Related About 'The Judge Is Not To Pass A Judgement While He Is Angry'
١٥۔٧ باب مَا جَاءَ لاَ يَقْضِي الْقَاضِي وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ .
"My father wrote to 'Ubaidullah bin Abi Bakrah who was a judge: "Do not pass a judgement between two people while you are angry, for indeed I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: 'The judge should not judge between two people while he is angry.'"
أَنْ لاَ تَحْكُمْ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لاَ يَحْكُمُ الْحَاكِمُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ
15.8 What Has Been Related About Gifts Taken By Governors
١٥۔٨ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي هَدَايَا الأُمَرَاءِ .
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched me to Yemen. When I had left, he sent a message after me, so I returned and he said: 'Do you know why I sent a message to you ? Do not take anything without my permission, for that will be Ghulul, and whoever commits Ghulul, he comes with what he took on the Day of Judgement. This is why I called you, so now go and do your job.'"
بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَلَمَّا سِرْتُ أَرْسَلَ فِي أَثَرِي فَرُدِدْتُ فَقَالَ أَتَدْرِي لِمَ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ لاَ تُصِيبَنَّ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَإِنَّهُ غُلُولٌ وَمَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِهَذَا دَعَوْتُكَ فَامْضِ لِعَمَلِكَ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ وَبُرَيْدَةَ وَالْمُسْتَوْرِدِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ وَأَبِي حُمَيْدٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ
15.9 What Has Been Related About The One Who Gives A Bribe And The One Who Takes A Bribe For Judgement
١٥۔٩ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الرَّاشِي وَالْمُرْتَشِي فِي الْحُكْمِ .
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed the one who bribes and the one who takes a bribe for a judgement."
لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّاشِي وَالْمُرْتَشِي فِي الْحُكْمِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَعَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ حَدِيدَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed the one who bribes and the one who takes a bribe."
لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الرَّاشِي وَالْمُرْتَشِي
15.10 What Has Been Related About Accepting The Gift and Accepting The Invitation
١٥۔١٠ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي قَبُولِ الْهَدِيَّةِ وَإِجَابَةِ الدَّعْوَةِ
"If trotter (lacking meat) were given to me I would accept it, and if I was invited to (a meal of) it I would accept."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَوْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَىَّ كُرَاعٌ لَقَبِلْتُ وَلَوْ دُعِيتُ عَلَيْهِ لأَجَبْتُ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَعَائِشَةَ وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ وَسَلْمَانَ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حَيْدَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ
15.11 What Has Been Related About The Severe Threat For One Who Is Awarded A Judgement For Something That Is Not His To Take
١٥۔١١ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي التَّشْدِيدِ عَلَى مَنْ يُقْضَى لَهُ بِشَيْءٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ
"Indeed you come to me with your disputes, and I am only a human being, perhaps one of you is more eloquent at presenting his argument than the other. If I judge for one of you, giving him something from the rights of his brother, then it is only a piece of the Fire that I am giving him, so do not take anything from it."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَىَّ وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَإِنْ قَضَيْتُ لأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ فَلاَ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَعَائِشَةَ
15.12 What Has Been Related About 'The Proof Is Required From The Claimant And The Oath Is Required From The One The Claim Is Against'
١٥۔١٢ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي أَنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ
"A man from Hadramawt and a man from Kindah came to the Prophet ﷺ. The Hadrami said: 'O Messenger of Allah! This person took some land of mine.' The Kindi said:'It is my land, It is in my possession, and he has no right to it.' So the Prophet ﷺ said to the Hadrami:'Do you have proof?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Then you will have the oath.' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah! This man is a liar, it makes not difference what he takes an oath for, he is not ashamed of doing anything!' He said: 'There is nothing you deserve from him except that.' He said: So the man was left to take an oath for it, and in the meantime, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'If he takes an oath [for your property] to wrongfully consume it, He will meet Allah while He is angry with him."
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضٍ لِي فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضِي وَفِي يَدِي لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ فَاجِرٌ لاَ يُبَالِي عَلَى مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَيْسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ لِيَحْلِفَ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا أَدْبَرَ لَئِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِكَ لِيَأْكُلَهُ ظُلْمًا لَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَالأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ
"The proof is due from the claimant, and the oath is due from the one the claim is made against."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَقَالٌ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَرْزَمِيُّ يُضَعَّفُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ قِبَلِ حِفْظِهِ ضَعَّفَهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ وَغَيْرُهُ
Ibn 'Abbas narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ judged that the oath is due from the one the claim is made against.
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ
15.13 What Has Been Related About The Oath Along With A Witness
١٥۔١٣ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed judgement based on an oath along with one witness." Rabi'ah (one of the narrators) said: "A son of Ibn Sa'd bin 'Ubadah informed me saying: 'We found in a book of Sa'd that the Prophet ﷺ passed judgement based on an oath along with a witness.'"
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ رَبِيعَةُ وَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنٌ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَجَابِرٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَسُرَّقَ
"The Prophet ﷺ passed judgement based on oath along with a witness."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ
"The Prophet ﷺ passed judgement based on an oath along with one witness." He said: "And 'Ali judged between you based on it."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ وَقَضَى بِهَا عَلِيٌّ فِيكُمْ
15.14 What Has Been Related About A Slave Owned By Two Men And One Of Them Frees His Portion Of Him
١٥۔١٤ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْعَبْدِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ
"Whoever frees a portion" or, he said: "a part" or he said: "a share he owns of a slave, then he can afford the remainder of the price according to the reasonable price, then he will be free. Otherwise he has freed as much as he has freed (only)." Ayyub (one of the narrators) said: "Perhaps Nafi said in this Hadith: 'Meaning he has freed as much of him as he has freed.'"
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا أَوْ قَالَ شِقْصًا أَوْ قَالَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ وَإِلاَّ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ قَالَ أَيُّوبُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يَعْنِي فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
"Whoever frees a portion of a slave he owns, then he can afford the remainder of the price, then he should free him with his wealth."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ
"Whoever frees a portion" or he said: "a part of a slave, then he should finish paying his price if he can afford it. If he can not afford to pay reasonable price then he should be allowed to work to earn the amount that will free him without overburdening him." (Another chain) similar, and he said: "a part".
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا أَوْ قَالَ شِقْصًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَخَلاَصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يُسْتَسْعَى فِي نَصِيبِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْتِقْ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ نَحْوَهُ وَقَالَ شَقِيصًا
15.15 What Has Been Related About A LifeLong Gift (Al-'Umra)
١٥۔١٥ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْعُمْرَى
"The lifelong gift is permitted for its inhabitant" or:"is an inheritance for its inhabitant."
أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْعُمْرَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا أَوْ مِيرَاثٌ لأَهْلِهَا قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَجَابِرٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَعَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ
"Whichever man is given a lifelong gift for himself and his offspring, then it belongs to the one whom it was given, it does not return to the one who gave it, for he has given a gift which shall be included in the inheritance."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أُعْمِرَ عُمْرَى لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ فَإِنَّهَا لِلَّذِي يُعْطَاهَا لاَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا لأَنَّهُ أَعْطَى عَطَاءً وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ الْمَوَارِيثُ
15.16 What Has Been Related About Ar-Ruqba
١٥۔١٦ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الرُّقْبَى
"The lifelong gift is permitted for its inhabitant, and the Ruqba is permitted for its inhabitant."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعُمْرَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا وَالرُّقْبَى جَائِزَةٌ لأَهْلِهَا
15.17 What Has Been Related From The Messenger Of Allah ﷺ About Reconciliation
١٥۔١٧ باب مَا ذُكِرَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصُّلْحِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ
"Reconciliation is allowed among the Muslims, except for reconciliation that makes the lawful unlawful, or the unlawful lawful. And the Muslims will be held to their conditions, except the conditions that make the lawful unlawful, or the unlawful lawful."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلاَّ صُلْحًا حَرَّمَ حَلاَلاً أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ إِلاَّ شَرْطًا حَرَّمَ حَلاَلاً أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا
15.18 What Has Been Related About A Man Placing A Beam On His Neighbor’s Enclosure Wall
١٥۔١٨ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَضَعُ عَلَى حَائِطِ جَارِهِ خَشَبًا
“I heard him saying: ‘the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When one of you seeks his neighbor’s permission to affix a wooden beam in his wall, then do not prevent him."' When Abu Hurairah narrated it, they tilted their heads, so he said: ‘Why do I see that you are averse to it? By Allah! I will continue to narrate it among you.'"
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَ أَحَدَكُمْ جَارُهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِي جِدَارِهِ فَلاَ يَمْنَعْهُ فَلَمَّا حَدَّثَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ طَأْطَئُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ فَقَالَ مَا لِي أَرَاكُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ وَاللَّهِ لأَرْمِيَنَّ بِهَا بَيْنَ أَكْتَافِكُمْ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَمِّعِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ
15.19 What Has Been Related About: The Oath is Based Upon What Will Make His Companion Believe Him
١٥۔١٩ باب مَا جَاءَ أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُهُ صَاحِبُهُ
“The oath is based upon what will make your companion believe you.” [Qutaibah (one of the narrators) said: “ What will make you believed by your companion”]
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُكَ بِهِ صَاحِبُكَ وَقَالَ قُتَيْبَةُ عَلَى مَا صَدَّقَكَ عَلَيْهِ صَاحِبُكَ
15.20 What Has Been Related About The Road: When There Is A Disagreement About It, How Should It Be Made?
١٥۔٢٠ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ إِذَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ كَمْ يُجْعَلُ)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اجْعَلُوا الطَّرِيقَ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ
"When you disagree over the road, then make it seven forearm lengths."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا تَشَاجَرْتُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَاجْعَلُوهُ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ
15.21 What Has Been Related About The Boy Choosing Between His Parents When They Separate
١٥۔٢١ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي تَخْيِيرِ الْغُلاَمِ بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْهِ إِذَا افْتَرَقَا
"The Prophet ﷺ gave a boy the choice between his father and his mother."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَيَّرَ غُلاَمًا بَيْنَ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَجَدِّ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ
15.22 What Has Been Related About The Father Can Take From The Wealth Of His Son
١٥۔٢٢ باب مَا جَاءَ أَنَّ الْوَالِدَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ
"Indeed the most wholesome of what you consume is from your earnings, and indeed your children are from your earnings."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلْتُمْ مِنْ كَسْبِكُمْ وَإِنَّ أَوْلاَدَكُمْ مِنْ كَسْبِكُمْ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو
15.23 What Has Been Related About When One's Property Has Been Broken, What Is The Judgement For Him For The Property Of The One Who Broke It?
١٥۔٢٣ باب مَا جَاءَ فِيمَنْ يُكْسَرُ لَهُ الشَّىْءُ مَا يُحْكَمُ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِ الْكَاسِرِ
"One of the wives of the Prophet ﷺ gave the Prophet ﷺ some food in a bowl. Then 'Aishah broke the bowl with her hand, and discarded what was in it. So the Prophet ﷺ said: "Food for food and vessel for vessel."
أَهْدَتْ بَعْضُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ طَعَامًا فِي قَصْعَةٍ فَضَرَبَتْ عَائِشَةُ الْقَصْعَةَ بِيَدِهَا فَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ طَعَامٌ بِطَعَامٍ وَإِنَاءٌ بِإِنَاءٍ
Anas narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ borrowed a bowl which broke, so he guaranteed (compensated) it for them.
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اسْتَعَارَ قَصْعَةً فَضَاعَتْ فَضَمِنَهَا لَهُمْ
15.24 What Has Been Related About The Limits Of Responsibility For A Man And Woman
١٥۔٢٤ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي حَدِّ بُلُوغِ الرَّجُلِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ
that Ibn 'Umar said: "I was reviewed before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the army, and I was fourteen years old, but he did not accept me. Then I was reviewed before him in the army later while I was fifteen years old, and he accepted me." Nafi' said: "I narrated this Hadith to 'Uman bin 'Abdul Azeez and he said: 'This is the limit that distinguishes between childhood and adulthood.' Then he wrote to give salaries to whoever reached fifteen years old." (Another chain) from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet ﷺ and it is similar, but he did not mention in it that 'Umar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz wrote that this is the limit that distinguishes between youth and childhood and adulthood. In his narration, Ibn 'Uyainah said (that Nafi' said): "I narrated it to 'Umar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz and he said: 'This is the limit that distinguishes between children and soldiers.'"
عُرِضْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جَيْشٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْنِي فَعُرِضْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فِي جَيْشٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فَقَبِلَنِي قَالَ نَافِعٌ وَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَقَالَ هَذَا حَدُّ مَا بَيْنَ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ ثُمَّ كَتَبَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ لِمَنْ يَبْلُغُ الْخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَ هَذَا وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ كَتَبَ أَنَّ هَذَا حَدُّ مَا بَيْنَ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَ نَافِعٌ فَحَدَّثْنَا بِهِ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَقَالَ هَذَا حَدُّ مَا بَيْنَ الذُّرِّيَّةِ وَالْمُقَاتِلَةِ
15.25 What Has Been Related About A Man Who Married A Woman His Father Was Married To (Previously)
١٥۔٢٥ باب فِيمَنْ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ
"My maternal uncle Abu Burdah Ibn Niyar passed by me and he had a flag with him. I said: 'Where are you going ?' He said: 'the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched me to a man who married a woman his father had married to: that I should bring him his head."
بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ أَنْ آتِيَهُ بِرَأْسِهِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ قُرَّةَ الْمُزَنِيِّ
15.26 What Has Been Related About The Case Of Two Men And One Of Them Lives Downstream From The Other
١٥۔٢٦ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الرَّجُلَيْنِ يَكُونُ أَحَدُهُمَا أَسْفَلَ مِنَ الآخَرِ فِي الْمَاءِ
"A man from the Ansar disputed with Az-Zubair before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the canals of Harrah which they used to irrigate the date palms. The Ansari said: 'Let the water pass'. But he refused, So they brought their dispute to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Az-Zubair: 'O Zubair! Irrigate (your land) then let the water pass to you neighbor.' The Ansari became angry and said:'[O Messenger of Allah!] Is this because he is your aunt's son?' The face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ changed color. Then he said: 'O Zubair! Irrigate (your land) and then withhold the water until it reaches the walls.' Az-Zubair said: 'By Allah! I think that this Ayah was revealed about that: But no, by your Lord, they can have no Faith until they make you (O Muhammad) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions and accept (them) with full submission.'"
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ خَاصَمَ الزُّبَيْرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شِرَاجِ الْحَرَّةِ الَّتِي يَسْقُونَ بِهَا النَّخْلَ فَقَالَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ سَرِّحِ الْمَاءَ يَمُرُّ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَاخْتَصَمُوا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلزُّبَيْرِ اسْقِ يَا زُبَيْرُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلَى جَارِكَ فَغَضِبَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْ كَانَ ابْنَ عَمَّتِكَ فَتَلَوَّنَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا زُبَيْرُ اسْقِ ثُمَّ احْبِسِ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْجَدْرِ فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لأَحْسِبُ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ (فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ )
15.27 What Has Been Related About One Who Frees His Slaves When He Dies, While He Has No Wealth Aside From Them
١٥۔٢٧ باب مَا جَاءَ فِيمَنْ يُعْتِقُ مَمَالِيكَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ
"A Man from the Ansar freed six slaves of his upon his death, and he did not have any wealth aside from them. That was conveyed to the Prophet ﷺ, and he said some harsh words about him." He said: "Then he called for them and he divided them and had them draw lots. So he freed two of them and left four as slaves."
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَبَلغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَوْلاً شَدِيدًا ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ
15.28 What Has Been Related About One Who Owned A Mahram (A Close Relative)
١٥۔٢٨ باب مَا جَاءَ فِيمَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ
15.29 What Has Been Related About One Who Farms A Prople's Land Without Their Permission
١٥۔٢٩ باب مَا جَاءَ فِيمَنْ زَرَعَ فِي أَرْضِ قَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ
that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever farms a people's land without their permission, then nothing he farms belongs to him and its finances are due to him."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ زَرَعَ فِي أَرْضِ قَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ شَيْءٌ وَلَهُ نَفَقَتُهُ
15.30 What Has Been Related About Gifts And Equality Between Children
١٥۔٣٠ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي النُّحْلِ وَالتَّسْوِيَةِ بَيْنَ الْوَلَدِ
That his father gave a slave to a son of his. So he went to the Prophet ﷺ to have him witness it. He ﷺ said: 'Have you given a gift similar to this one to all of your sons?' He replied: 'No'. So he said: 'Then take him back.'"
أَنَّ أَبَاهُ نَحَلَ ابْنًا لَهُ غُلاَمًا فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُشْهِدُهُ فَقَالَ أَكُلَّ وَلَدِكَ نَحَلْتَهُ مِثْلَ مَا نَحَلْتَ هَذَا قَالَ لاَ قَالَ فَارْدُدْهُ
15.31 What Has Been Related About Preemption
١٥۔٣١ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الشُّفْعَةِ
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The neighbor of a home has more right to the home."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَارُ الدَّارِ أَحَقُّ بِالدَّارِ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ الشَّرِيدِ وَأَبِي رَافِعٍ وَأَنَسٍ
15.32 What Has Been Related About Preemption For The Absent
١٥۔٣٢ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الشُّفْعَةِ لِلْغَائِبِ
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The neighbor has more right to his preemption. He is to be waited for even if he is absent, when their paths are the same."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِشُفْعَتِهِ يُنْتَظَرُ بِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا إِذَا كَانَ طَرِيقُهُمَا وَاحِدًا