62. Sūrat al-Jumuʿah

٦٢۔ سُورَةُ الجُّمُعة

Qurʾān > Chapter 62
القرآن > كتاب ٦٢

Friday (Medinan)

quran:62:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth is exalting Allah, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.  

All that is the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifies God, ˹all˺ proclaims His transcendence (the lām ˹of li’Llāhi˺ is extra; mā is used instead of min in order to indicate the predominance ˹of non-rational beings˺), the King, the Holy, the One Who transcends what does not befit Him, the Mighty, the Wise, in His kingdom and in His actions.
القرآن:٦٢:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ الْمَلِكِ الْقُدُّوسِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ  

{يسبح لله} ينزهه فاللام زائدة {ما في السماوات وما في الأرض} في ذكر ما تغليب للأكثر {الملك القدوس} المنزه عما لا يليق به {العزيز الحكيم} في ملكه وصنعه.
quran:62:2 –

It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom - although they were before in clear error -  

It is He Who sent to the unlettered ˹folk˺, ˹among˺ the Arabs (ummī means ‘one who cannot write or read a book’), a messenger from among them, namely, Muhammad (s), to recite to them His signs, the Qur’ān, and to purify them, to cleanse them from idolatry, and to teach them the Book, the Qur’ān, and wisdom, ˹in˺ the rulings that it contains, though indeed (wa-in: in has been softened from the hardened form, with its subject having been omitted, that is to say, ˹understand it as˺ wa-innahum) before that, ˹before˺ his coming, they had been in manifest error.
القرآن:٦٢:٢ –

هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ  

{هو الذي بعث في الأميين} العرب، والأمي: من لا يكتب ولا يقرأ كتابا {رسولا منهم} هو محمد ﷺ {يتلو عليهم آياته} القرآن {ويزكيهم} يطهرهم من الشرك {ويعلمهم الكتاب} القرآن {والحكمة} ما فيه من الأحكام {وإن} مخففة من الثقيلة واسمها محذوف، أي وإنهم {كانوا من قبل} قبل مجيئه {لفي ضلال مبين} بيّن.
quran:62:3 –

And ˹to˺ others of them who have not yet joined them. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.  

And ˹to˺ others (wa-ākharīna is a supplement to al-ummiyyīna, ‘the unlettered’), that is to say, those who are alive, from among them, and ˹to˺ those of them who will come after them, who have not yet joined them, with regard to precedence and merit; and He is the Mighty, the Wise, in His kingdom and in His actions: those ˹mentioned as coming afterwards˺ are the Successors (al-tābi‘ūna); and it suffices to mention these ˹Successors˺ in order to illustrate the ˹greater˺ merit of the Companions, among whom the Prophet (s) was sent, over all those others, of humans and jinn, to whom he was ˹also˺ sent and who ˹believed and˺ will believe in him up until the Day of Resurrection, for every generation is better than the succeeding one.
القرآن:٦٢:٣ –

وَآخَرِينَ مِنْهُمْ لَمَّا يَلْحَقُوا بِهِمْ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ  

{وآخرون} عطف على الأميين، أي الموجودين {منهم} والآتين منهم بعدهم {لما} لم {يلحقوا بهم} في السابقة والفضل {وهو العزيز الحكيم} في ملكه وصنعه وهم التابعون والإقتصار عليهم كاف في بيان فضل الصحابة المبعوث فيهم النبي ﷺ على من عداهم ممن بعث إليهم وآمنوا به من جميع الإنس والجن إلى يوم القيامة لأن كل قرن خير ممن يليه.
quran:62:4 –

That is the bounty of Allah, which He gives to whom He wills, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty.  

That is the bounty of God, which He gives to whom He will — ˹such as˺ the Prophet and those mentioned with him — and God is ˹dispenser˺ of tremendous bounty.
القرآن:٦٢:٤ –

ذَٰلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ  

{ذلك فضل الله يؤتيه من يشاء} النبي ومن ذكر معه {والله ذو الفضل العظيم}.
quran:62:5 –

The example of those who were entrusted with the Torah and then did not take it on is like that of a donkey who carries volumes ˹of books˺. Wretched is the example of the people who deny the signs of Allah. And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.  

The likeness of those who were entrusted with the Torah, those who were charged with implementing it, then failed to uphold it, ˹then˺ failed to act in accordance with it, in what pertains to the descriptions of the Prophet (s), and so did not believe in him, is as the likeness of an ass carrying books, in that it does not benefit from them. Evil is the likeness of the people who deny God’s signs, those confirming the truth of the Prophet (s) — (the object of rebuke is omitted but is implied to be hādhā’l-mathalu, ‘this likeness’). And God does not guide the evildoing folk, the disbelievers.
القرآن:٦٢:٥ –

مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًا ۚ بِئْسَ مَثَلُ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{مثل الذين حملوا التوراة} كلفوا العمل بها {ثم لم يحملوها} لم يعملوا بما فيها من نعته ﷺ فلم يؤمنوا به {كمثل الحمار يحمل أسفارا} أي كتبا في عدم انتفاعه بها {بئس مثل القوم الذين كذبوا بآيات الله} المصدقة للنبي ﷺ والمخصوص بالذم محذوف تقديره هذا المثل {والله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين} الكافرين.
quran:62:6 –

Say, "O you who are Jews, if you claim that you are allies of Allah, excluding the ˹other˺ people, then wish for death, if you should be truthful."  

Say: ‘O you of Jewry, if you claim that you are the ˹favoured˺ friends of God, to the exclusion of other people, then long for death, if you are truthful’ (in kuntum sādiqīna is semantically connected to tamannū, ‘long for’; as for the two conditions, the first is dependent on the second, that is to say, if you are truthful in your claim that you are the ˹favoured˺ friends of God, and given that ˹such˺ a friend would prefer the Hereafter ˹to this world˺ and that it ˹the Hereafter˺ begins at death, then long for it).
القرآن:٦٢:٦ –

قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ هَادُوا إِنْ زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ لِلَّهِ مِنْ دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ  

{قل يا أيها الذين هادوا إن زعمتم أنكم أولياء لله من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين} تعلق بتمنوا الشرطان على أن الأول قيد في الثاني، أي إن صدقتم في زعمكم أنكم أولياء لله، والولي يؤثر الآخرة ومبدؤها الموت فتمنوه.
quran:62:7 –

But they will not wish for it, ever, because of what their hands have put forth. And Allah is Knowing of the wrongdoers.  

But they will never long for it, because of what their hands have sent ahead, in the way of their disbelief of the Prophet, ˹which itself is˺ a necessary consequence of their denial; and God is Knower of the evildoers, the disbelievers.
القرآن:٦٢:٧ –

وَلَا يَتَمَنَّوْنَهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ  

{ولا يتمنوْنه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم} من كفرهم بالنبي المستلزم لكذبهم {والله عليم بالظالمين} الكافرين.
quran:62:8 –

Say, "Indeed, the death from which you flee - indeed, it will meet you. Then you will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, and He will inform you about what you used to do."  

Say: ‘Assuredly the death from which you flee (fa-innahu: the fā’ is extra) will indeed encounter you; then you will be returned to the Knower of the Unseen and the visible, ˹the Knower of˺ what is ˹kept˺ secret and what is in the open, and He will inform you of what you used to do’, whereat He will requite you for it.
القرآن:٦٢:٨ –

قُلْ إِنَّ الْمَوْتَ الَّذِي تَفِرُّونَ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مُلَاقِيكُمْ ۖ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ  

{قل إن الموت الذي تفرون منه فإنه} الفاء زائدة {ملاقيكم ثم تردون إلى عالم الغيب والشهادة} السر والعلانية {فينبئكم بما كنتم تعملون} فيجازيكم به.
quran:62:9 –

O you who have believed, when ˹the adhan˺ is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah ˹Friday˺, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew.  

O you who believe, when the call for prayer is made on Friday, hasten, set off, to the remembrance of God, to the prayer, and leave aside ˹all˺ commerce, suspend ˹all˺ such contracts. That is better for you, should you know, that it is better for you, then do it.
القرآن:٦٢:٩ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا نودي للصلاة من} بمعني في {يوم الجمعة فاسعوْا} فامضوا {إلى ذكر الله} للصلاة {وذروا البيع} اتركوا عقده {ذلكم خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون} أنه خير فافعلوه.
quran:62:10 –

And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land and seek from the bounty of Allah, and remember Allah often that you may succeed.  

And when the prayer is finished, disperse in the land (this is an imperative denoting permissibility) and seek, provision through, God’s bounty, and remember God, with remembrance, frequently, that perhaps you may be successful, ˹that perhaps˺ you may be the winners.
القرآن:٦٢:١٠ –

فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ  

{فإذا قضيت الصلاة فانتشروا في الأرض} أمر إباحة {وابتغوا} اطلبوا الرزق {من فضل الله واذكروا الله} ذكرا {كثيرا لعلكم تفلحون} تفوزون، كان ﷺ يخطب يوم الجمعة فقدمت عير وضرب لقدومها الطبل على العادة فخرج لها الناس من المسجد إلا اثني عشر رجلا فنزلت.
quran:62:11 –

But when they saw a transaction or a diversion, ˹O Muhammad˺, they rushed to it and left you standing. Say, "What is with Allah is better than diversion and than a transaction, and Allah is the best of providers."  

On one occasion the Prophet (s) was delivering the Friday sermon when a caravan arrived and so, as was the custom, drums were beaten to announce its arrival, whereat the people began to leave the mosque ˹to go to it˺, all except for twelve men. The following ˹verse˺ was then revealed: But when they sight some ˹opportunity for˺ business or a diversion, they scatter off towards it, that is, towards the business, since it is what they seek more than diversion, and leave you, during the sermon, standing. Say: ‘That which is with God, in the way of reward, is better, for those who believe, than diversion and commerce. And God is the best of providers’. They say that every person ‘provides for’ (yarzuqu) his dependants, ˹by which they mean that such a person does so˺ by means of the provision given by God (min rizqi’Llāhi), exalted be He. Medinese, consisting of 11 verses. (Al-Munâfiqûn)
القرآن:٦٢:١١ –

وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ۚ قُلْ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَارَةِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ  

{وإذا رأوا تجارةً أو لهوا انفضوا إليها} أي التجارة لأنها مطلوبهم دون اللهو {وتركوك} في الخطبة {قائما قل ما عند الله} من الثواب {خير} للذين آمنوا {من اللهو ومن التجارة والله خير الرازقين} يقال: كل إنسان يرزق عائلته، أي من رزق الله تعالى.