58. Sūrat al-Mujādalah

٥٨۔ سُورَةُ المُجادَلة

Qurʾān > Chapter 58 > Section 1
القرآن > كتاب ٥٨ > باب ١

58.1 The pagan practice of divorce through 'Dhihār' (calling his wife as his mother) is prohibited and Penalty for practicing 'Dhihār'.

٥٨۔١ مقطع في سُورَةُ المُجادَلة

quran:58:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Certainly has Allah heard the speech of the one who argues with you, ˹O Muhammad˺, concerning her husband and directs her complaint to Allah. And Allah hears your dialogue; indeed, Allah is Hearing and Seeing.  

God has certainly heard the words of her who disputes with you, ˹her who˺ consults you, O Prophet, concerning her husband, who has repudiated her by zihār — he had said to her, ‘You are to me ˹as untouchable˺ as the back of my mother’. She asked the Prophet (s) about this and he told her that she was ˹thenceforth˺ forbidden to him, as was customary among them ˹at the time of Jāhiliyya˺, namely, that repudiation by zihār results in permanent separation. She was Khawla bt. Tha‘laba and he was Aws b. alSāmit — and complains to God, of her being alone and of her impoverishment while having young children, whom if she were to leave with him, they would go astray, but whom, if they remained with her, would go hungry. And God hears your conversation, your consulting. Assuredly God is Hearer, Seer, ˹He is˺ Knower.
القرآن:٥٨:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ  

{قد سمع الله قول التي تجادلك} تراجعك أيها النبي {في زوجها} المظاهر منها وكان قال لها: أنت عليَّ كظهر أمي، وقد سألت النبي ﷺ عن ذلك فأجابها بأنها حرمت عليه على ما هو المعهود عندهم من أن الظهار موجبه فرقة مؤبدة وهي خولة بنت ثعلبة، وهو أوس بن الصامت {وتشتكي إلى الله} وحدتها وفاقتها وصبية صغارا إن ضمتهم إليه ضاعوا أو إليها جاعوا {والله يسمع تحاوركما} تراجعكما {إن الله سميع بصير} عالم.
quran:58:2 –

Those who pronounce thihar among you ˹to separate˺ from their wives - they are not ˹consequently˺ their mothers. Their mothers are none but those who gave birth to them. And indeed, they are saying an objectionable statement and a falsehood. But indeed, Allah is Pardoning and Forgiving.  

Those of you who repudiate their wives by zihār (yazzahharūna is actually yatazahharūna, in which the tā’ has been assimilated with the zā’; a variant reading has yazzāharūna, and still another has yuzāhirūna, similar ˹in form˺ to yuqātilūna; the same applies for the second instance ˹of this verb below˺), they are not their mothers; their mothers are only those who (read allā’ī, or without the ˹final long˺ yā’, allā’i) gave birth to them, and indeed they, ˹in repudiating them˺ by zihār, utter indecent words and a calumny, a lie. Yet assuredly God is Pardoning, Forgiving, to the one who repudiates by zihār through an atonement ˹which he must offer˺.
القرآن:٥٨:٢ –

الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ مَا هُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ ۖ إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَرًا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ  

{الذين يظَّهَّرون} أصله يتظهرون أدغمت التاء في الظاء، وفي قراءة بألف بين الظاء والهاء الخفيفة وفي أخرى كيقاتلون والموضع الثاني كذلك {منكم من نسائهم ما هن أمهاتهم إن أمهاتهم إلا اللأئي} بهمزة وياء وبلا ياء {ولدنهم وإنهم ْ} بالظهار {ليقولن منكرا من القول وزورا} كذبا {وإن الله لعفو غفور}.
quran:58:3 –

And those who pronounce thihar from their wives and then ˹wish to˺ go back on what they said - then ˹there must be˺ the freeing of a slave before they touch one another. That is what you are admonished thereby; and Allah is Acquainted with what you do.  

And those who repudiate their wives by zihār and then go back on what they have said, instead doing the opposite of this and retaining the woman divorced by zihār, that which is contrary to the purpose of zihār in which a woman is characterised as being forbidden — then ˹the penalty for them is˺ the setting free of a slave, an obligation upon him, before they touch one another, in sexual intercourse. By this you are being admonished; and God is Aware of what you do.
القرآن:٥٨:٣ –

وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ تُوعَظُونَ بِهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ  

{والذين يظاهرون من نسائهم ثم يعودوا لما قالوا} أي فيه بأن يخالفوه بإمساك المظاهر منها الذي هو خلاف مقصود الظهار من وصف المرأة بالتحريم {فتحرير رقبة} أي إعتاقها عليه {من قبل أن يتماسا} بالوطء {ذلكم توعظون به والله بما تعملون خبير}.
quran:58:4 –

And he who does not find ˹a slave˺ - then a fast for two months consecutively before they touch one another; and he who is unable - then the feeding of sixty poor persons. That is for you to believe ˹completely˺ in Allah and His Messenger; and those are the limits ˹set by˺ Allah. And for the disbelievers is a painful punishment.  

And he who cannot find ˹the wherewithal˺, ˹to set free˺ a slave, then ˹his redemption shall be˺ the fasting of two successive months before they touch one another. And if he is unable, to fast, then ˹the redemption shall be˺ the feeding of sixty needy persons, as an obligation upon him, that is, before they touch one another: understanding the unrestricted ˹prescription˺ as ˹having the same restriction as˺ the restricted one. For every needy person ˹he should give˺ one mudd measure of the principal food of the town. This, namely, lightening of the atonement is, so that you may believe in God and His Messenger. And these, namely, the rulings mentioned, are God’s bounds; and for the rejecters, of them, there is a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٥٨:٤ –

فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ۖ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِتُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ۗ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{فمن لم يجد} رقبة {فصيام شهرين متتابعين من قبل أن يتماسا فمن لم يستطع} أي الصيام {فإطعام ستين مسكينا} عليه: أي من قبل أن يتماسا حملا للمطلق عل المقيد لكل مسكين مد من غالب قوت البلد {ذلك} أي التخفيف في الكفارة {لتؤمنوا بالله ورسوله وتلك} أي الأحكام المذكورة {حدود الله وللكافرين} بها {عذاب أليم} مؤلم.
quran:58:5 –

Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger are abased as those before them were abased. And We have certainly sent down verses of clear evidence. And for the disbelievers is a humiliating punishment.  

Indeed those who oppose God and His Messenger will be abased, humiliated, just as those before them were abased, for opposing their messengers. And verily We have revealed clear signs, indicating the truthfulness of the Messenger, and for those who disbelieve, in the signs, there is a humiliating chastisement.
القرآن:٥٨:٥ –

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ۚ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ  

{إن الذين ُيَحادُّونَ} يخالفون {الله ورسوله كبتوا} أذلوا {كما كبت الذين من قبلهم} في مخالفتهم رسلهم {وقد أنزلنا آيات بينات} دالة على صدق الرسول {وللكافرين} بالآيات {عذاب مهين} ذو إهانة.
quran:58:6 –

On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all and inform them of what they did. Allah had enumerated it, while they forgot it; and Allah is, over all things, Witness.  

The day when God will raise them all together, He will then inform them of what they did. God has kept count of it, while they forgot it. And God is Witness to all things.
القرآن:٥٨:٦ –

يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا ۚ أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ  

{يوم يبعثهم الله جميعا فينبئهم بما عملوا أحصاه الله ونسوه والله على كل شيء شهيد}.