ذِكْرُ الْإِبَاحَةِ لِلْإِمَامِ مُصَالَحَةَ الْأَعْدَاءِ إِذَا عَلِمَ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ ضَعْفًا عَنْ قِتَالِهِمْ

When the Prophet ﷺ intended to perform the ʿUmra he sent a person to the people of Mecca asking their permission to enter Mecca. They stipulated that he would not stay for more than three days and would not enter it except with sheathed arms and would not preach (Islam) to any of them. So ʿAli bin Abi- Talib started writing the treaty between them. He wrote, "This is what Muhammad, Apostle of Allah has agreed to." The (Meccans) said, "If we knew that you (Muhammad) are the Messenger of Allah, then we would not have prevented you and would have followed you. But write, 'This is what Muhammad bin ʿAbdullah has agreed to..' " On that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "By Allah, I am Muhammad bin ʿAbdullah, and, by Allah, I am Apostle of 'Allah." Messenger of Allah ﷺ used not to write; so he asked ʿAli to erase the expression of Apostle of Allah. On that ʿAli said, "By Allah I will never erase it." Allah's Apostle said (to ʿAli), "Let me see the paper." When ʿAli showed him the paper, the Prophet ﷺ erased the expression with his own hand. When Messenger of Allah ﷺ had entered Mecca and three days had elapsed, the Meccans came to ʿAli and said, "Let your friend (i.e. the Prophet) quit Mecca." ʿAli informed Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it and Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Yes," and then he departed.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ يَسْتَأْذِنُهُمْ لِيَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ فَاشْتَرَطُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لاَ يُقِيمَ بِهَا إِلاَّ ثَلاَثَ لَيَالٍ وَلاَ يَدْخُلَهَا إِلاَّ بِجُلُبَّانِ السِّلاَحِ وَلاَ يَدْعُوَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا قَالَ فَأَخَذَ يَكْتُبُ الشَّرْطَ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَكَتَبَ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالُوا لَوْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَمْ نَمْنَعْكَ وَلَبَايَعْنَاكَ وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَنَا وَاللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَ وَكَانَ لاَ يَكْتُبُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ امْحُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَمْحَاهُ أَبَدًا قَالَ فَأَرِنِيهِ قَالَ فَأَرَاهُ إِيَّاهُ فَمَحَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ وَمَضَى الأَيَّامُ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا فَقَالُوا مُرْ صَاحِبَكَ فَلْيَرْتَحِلْ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلَ  

When the Prophet ﷺ was checked from going to the Ka'ba, the people of Mecca made peace with him'on the condition that he would (be allowed to) enter Mecca (next year) and stay there for three days, that he would not enter (the city) except with swords in their sheaths and arms encased in their covers, that he would not take eway with him anyone from its dwellers, nor would he prevent anyone from those with him to stay on in Mecca (if he so desired). He said to 'Ali: Write down the terms settled between us. (So 'Ali wrote): In the name of Allah, most Gracious and most Merciful. This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has settled (with the Meccans), The polytheists said to him: If we knew that thou art the Messenger of of Allah, we would follow you. But write: Muhammad b. 'Abdullah. So he told 'Ali to strike out these words. 'Ali said: No, by Allah, I will not strike them out. The Messenger of Allah (may Peace be upon him) said: Show me their place (on the parchment). So he ('Ali) showed him their place and he (the Holy Prophet) struck them out; and 'Ali wrote: Ibn 'Abdullah. (According to the terms of the treaty, next year) the Prophet ﷺ stayed there for three days When it was the third day, they said to 'Ali: This is the last day according to the terms of your companion. So tell him to leave. 'Ali informed the Prophet ﷺ accordingly. He said: Yes, and left (the city). Ibn Janab in his version of the tradition used:" we would swear allegiance to you" instead of" we would follow you".  

لَمَّا أُحْصِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ صَالَحَهُ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ عَلَى أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا فَيُقِيمَ بِهَا ثَلاَثًا وَلاَ يَدْخُلَهَا إِلاَّ بِجُلُبَّانِ السِّلاَحِ السَّيْفِ وَقِرَابِهِ وَلاَ يَخْرُجَ بِأَحَدٍ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا وَلاَ يَمْنَعَ أَحَدًا يَمْكُثُ بِهَا مِمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ اكْتُبِ الشَّرْطَ بَيْنَنَا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ تَابَعْنَاكَ وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَأَمَرَ عَلِيًّا أَنْ يَمْحَاهَا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لاَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَمْحَاهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرِنِي مَكَانَهَا فَأَرَاهُ مَكَانَهَا فَمَحَاهَا وَكَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ يَوْمُ الثَّالِثِ قَالُوا لِعَلِيٍّ هَذَا آخِرُ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَرْطِ صَاحِبِكَ فَأْمُرْهُ فَلْيَخْرُجْ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَخَرَجَ وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَنَابٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مَكَانَ تَابَعْنَاكَ بَايَعْنَاكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the Umrah in the month of Dhul Qa'dah. The people of Makkah refused to allow him to enter Makkah until they settled the matter with him, which was for him to stay in Makkah for three days. When they wrote the document, they wrote: "This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has ruled." They said, "We do not acknowledge this. If we knew that you were the Messenger of Allah, we would not have prevented you from anything. But you are Muhammad bin Abdullah." He said, "I am the Messenger of Allah and I am Muhammad bin Abdullah." Ali said, "Erase the title 'Messenger of Allah'." He said, "By Allah, I will never erase you." The Prophet ﷺ took the document, but he did not approve of writing. He wrote down instead, "This is what Muhammad bin Abdullah has ruled, that weapons are not to be brought into Makkah except for swords in their sheaths, and no one is to leave except those who wish to follow him. No one is to prevent any of his companions from staying in Makkah." When the time was up and he entered Makkah, they came to Ali and said, "Tell your companion to leave us, for the allotted time has passed." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left.  

اعْتَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ فَأَبَى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَنْ يَدْعُوهُ يَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى قَاضَاهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَلَمَّا كَتَبُوا الْكِتَابَ كَتَبُوا هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالُوا لَا نُقِرُّ بِهَذَا لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ مَا مَنَعْنَاكَ شَيْئًا وَلَكِنْ أَنْتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ أَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ امْحُ رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالَ وَاللهِ لَا أَمْحُوكَ أَبَدًا فَأَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْكِتَابَ وَلَيْسَ يُحْسِنُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ فَكَتَبَ مَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَنْ لَا يُدْخِلَ مَكَّةَ السِّلَاحَ إِلَّا السَّيْفَ فِي الْقِرَابِ وَلَا يَخْرُجَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَّبِعَهُ وَلَا يَمْنَعَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِهَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا وَمَضَى الْأَجَلُ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا فَقَالُوا قُلْ لِصَاحِبِكَ فَلْيَخْرُجْ عَنَّا فَقَدْ مَضَى الْأَجَلُ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed Umrah in the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah. The people of Makkah refused to let him enter until they settled on him staying for three days. When they wrote this agreement, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did not approve. They said, "We would not have opposed you if we knew you were the Messenger of Allah, but you are Muhammad ibn Abd Allah." He replied, "I am the Messenger of Allah and I am Muhammad ibn Abd Allah." Ali told him to erase "the Messenger of Allah" from the agreement, but he refused. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the document and although he was not proficient in writing, he wrote: "This is what Muhammad ibn Abd Allah has decided: No one should enter Makkah with weapons except for a sheathed sword, and no one should be prevented from leaving if they intend to follow him. No one should prevent any of his companions from residing in Makkah." After he entered Makkah and fulfilled the agreed-upon days, they came to Ali and said, "Tell your companion to leave us, as the agreed-upon period has passed."  

اعْتَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ فَأَبَى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أن يَدَعُوهُ أن يَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى قَاضَاهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُقِيمَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَلَمَّا كَتَبُوا هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالُوا لَا نُقِرُّ بِهَذَا لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَا مَنَعْنَاكَ شَيْئًا وَلَكِنْ أَنْتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ «أَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ» فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ امْحُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَمْحُوهُ أَبَدًا فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكِتَابَ وَلَيْسَ يُحْسِنُ يَكْتُبُ فَكَتَبَ مَكَانَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا يَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ بِسِلَاحٍ إِلَّا السَّيْفَ فِي الْقِرَابِ وَأَنْ لَا يُخْرِجَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا أَحَدًا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُ وَلَا يَمْنَعَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِهَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا وَمَضَى الْأَجَلُ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا فَقَالُوا قُلْ لِصَاحِبِكَ فَلْيَخْرُجْ عَنَّا فَقَدْ مَضَى الْأَجَلُ  

When the Prophet ﷺ intended to perform the ʿUmra he sent a person to the people of Mecca asking their permission to enter Mecca. They stipulated that he would not stay for more than three days and would not enter it except with sheathed arms and would not preach (Islam) to any of them. So ʿAli bin Abi- Talib started writing the treaty between them. He wrote, "This is what Muhammad, Apostle of Allah has agreed to." The (Meccans) said, "If we knew that you (Muhammad) are the Messenger of Allah, then we would not have prevented you and would have followed you. But write, 'This is what Muhammad bin ʿAbdullah has agreed to..' " On that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "By Allah, I am Muhammad bin ʿAbdullah, and, by Allah, I am Apostle of 'Allah." Messenger of Allah ﷺ used not to write; so he asked ʿAli to erase the expression of Apostle of Allah. On that ʿAli said, "By Allah I will never erase it." Allah's Apostle said (to ʿAli), "Let me see the paper." When ʿAli showed him the paper, the Prophet ﷺ erased the expression with his own hand. When Messenger of Allah ﷺ had entered Mecca and three days had elapsed, the Meccans came to ʿAli and said, "Let your friend (i.e. the Prophet) quit Mecca." ʿAli informed Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it and Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Yes," and then he departed. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3184)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ يَسْتَأْذِنُهُمْ لِيَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ فَاشْتَرَطُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يُقِيمَ بِهَا إِلَّا ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ وَلَا يَدْخُلَهَا إِلَّا بِجُلُبَّانِ السِّلَاحِ وَلَا يَدْعُو مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا قَالَ فَأَخَذَ يَكْتُبُ الشَّرْطَ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ كَتَبَ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ فَقَالُوا لَوْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ لَمْ نَمْنَعْكَ وَلَبَايَعْنَاكَ وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَقَالَ أَنَا وَاللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَأَنَا وَاللهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالَ وَكَانَ لَا يَكْتُبُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ امْحُ رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ لَا وَاللهِ لَا أَمْحَاهُ أَبَدًا قَالَ فَأَرِنِيهِ قَالَ فَأَرَاهُ إِيَّاهُ فَمَحَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ وَمَضَى الْأَجَلُ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا ؓ فَقَالُوا مُرْ صَاحِبَكَ فَلْيَرْتَحِلْ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَرْتَحِلُ  

"عَنِ الْبَرَاء قَالَ: لَمَّا حُصِرَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ صَالَحَهُ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا فَيُقِيمَ فِيِهَا ثَلَاثًا، وَلَا يَدْخُلَهَا إلَّا بِجُلُبَّانِ السِّلَاحِ والسَّيْفِ وَقِرَابِه، وَلَا يَخْرُجُ مَعَهُ بِأَحَد مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، وَلَا يَمْنَعُ أَحدًا أنْ يَمْكُثَ بِهَا مِمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: اكْتُبِ الشَّرْطَ بَيْنَنَا: {بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ} هَذَا مَا قَضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله، فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ الله، تَابَعْنَاكَ، وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الله، فَأَمَرَ عَلَينا أَنْ يَمْحُوَهَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَا وَالله لَا أَمْحُوهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : أَرِنِي مَكَانَهَا، فَأَرَاهُ مَكَانَهَا فَمَحَاهَا، وَكَتَبَ: ابْنُ عَبدِ الله، فَأَقَامَ فيهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الثَّالِثِ، قَالُوا لِعَلِيٍّ. هَذَا آخِرُ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَرْطِ صَاحِبِكَ، فَمُرْهُ فَلْيَخْرُجْ، فَحَدَّثَهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَخَرجَ".