51. Book of Inheritance
٥١۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ
ذِكْرُ الْأَمْرِ لِأَصْحَابِ السِّهَامِ فَرِيضَتَهُمْ، وَإِعْطَاءِ الْعَصَبَةِ بَاقِي الْمَالِ بَعْدَهُ
[Machine] About the Prophetﷺ he said: "Keep your wealth joined with the obligatory acts, for whatever is not fulfilled of the obligatory acts should belong to the closest male relative."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «أَلْحِقُوا الْمَالَ بِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَمَا تَرَكَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ»
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضِ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ رَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، وَوهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allocate the wealth according to the obligatory shares (Islamic inheritance). Whatever remains after fulfilling the obligatory shares should be given to the closest male relative."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَلْحِقُوا الْمَالَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ فَمَا أَبْقَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ»
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضِ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ رَفْعَ هَذَا الْخَبَرِ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ
[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ, he said, "Join wealth with compulsory obligations, for what remains of compulsory obligations is the right of the most deserving individual, whether male or female."
عن النبي ﷺ قَالَ «أَلْحِقُوا الْمَالَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ فَمَا أَبْقَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ»
ذِكْرُ وَصْفِ مَا تُعْطَى الْجَدَّةُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ
“A grandmother came to Abu Bakr Siddiq and asked him for her inheritance. Abu Bakr said to her: ‘You have nothing according to the Book of Allah, and I don’t know of anything for you according to the Book of Allah, and I don’t know of anything for you according to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Go back until I ask the people.’ So he asked the people and Al-Mughirah bin Shu’bah said: ‘I was present with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he gave her (the grandmother) one sixth.’ Abu Bakr said: ‘Is there anyone else with you (who will corroborate what you say)?’ Muhammad bin Maslamah Al-Ansari stood up and said something like what Mughirah bin Shu’bah had said. So Abu Bakr applied it in her case.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2724)
أَنَّهُ قَالَ جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا فَقَالَ مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَمَا أَعْلَمُ لَكِ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا فَارْجِعِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ النَّاسَ فَسَأَلَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ «حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ» فَقَالَ هَلْ مَعَكَ غَيْرُكَ؟ فَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ فَأَنْفَذَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ السُّدُسَ ثُمَّ جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ الْأُخْرَى إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا فَقَالَ مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَمَا كَانَ الْقَضَاءُ الَّذِي قَضَى بِهِ إِلَّا لِغَيْرِكِ وَمَا أَنَا بِزَائِدٍ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ شَيْئًا وَلَكِنْ هُوَ ذَلِكَ السُّدُسُ فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعْتُمَا فِيهِ فَهُوَ بَيْنَكُمَا وَأَيَّتُكُمَا خَلَتْ بِهِ فَهُوَ لَهَا
ذِكْرُ الْإِخْبَارِ بِأَنَّ مَنِ اسْتَهَلَّ مِنَ الصِّبْيَانِ عِنْدَ الْوِلَادَةِ وَرِثُوا، وَوُرِثُوا، وَاسْتَحَقُّوا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهِمْ
[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whenever a child sneezes, you should say 'May Allah have mercy on him' and they should be blessed."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ الصَّبِيُّ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ وَوُرِّثَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا نَفَى أَخْذَ الْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ مِيرَاثَهُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ مِمَّنْ لَيْسَ عَلَى دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ
The Prophet ﷺ as saying: A Muslim may not inherit from an infidel nor an infidel from a Muslim. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2909)
النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ وَلَا الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْأَخَوَاتِ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ يَكُنَّ عَصَبَةً
[Machine] Regarding the Prophet ﷺ, concerning a daughter, a granddaughter, and a sister, he said, "The daughter receives half, the granddaughter receives two-thirds, and the remaining portion goes to the sister."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي ابْنَةٍ وَابْنَةِ ابْنٍ وَأُخْتٍ قَالَ «لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ وَلِابْنَةِ الِابْنِ السُّدُسُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُخْتِ»
51.2 [Machine] Closest English translation: "Relatives by blood
٥١۔٢ بَابُ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضِ قَوْلَ مَنْ أَبْطَلَ تَوْرِيثَ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "If someone leaves some property, it will be for the inheritors, and if he leaves some weak offspring, it will be for us to support them." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2398)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ تَرَكَ كَلًّا فَإِلَيْنَا وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ أَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ يَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُهُ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَانٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِصِحَّةِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever leaves behind a debt or lost property, it is to me. And whoever leaves behind wealth, it belongs to his inheritors. And I am the guardian of the one who has no guardian. Shall I release him and inherit his wealth? And the maternal uncle is the guardian of the one who has no guardian. He shall release him and inherit his wealth."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيْعَةً فَإِلَيَّ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ أَفُكُّ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُ مَالَهُ وَالْخَالُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ يَفُكُّ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُ مَالَهُ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَالِثٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِصِحَّةِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ
[Machine] Umar wrote to Abu Ubaydah: Teach your boys swimming and archery. Abu Ubaydah said: They had different opinions about these matters. Then, an arrow came from the west and hit a boy, killing him. The boy's uncle was the only one who knew about the boy's family. Abu Ubaydah wrote to Umar and informed him about the boy's incident and asked to whom his compensation should be given. Umar wrote back to him and said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah and His Messenger are protectors of those who have no protector, and the uncle is the inheritor of those who have no inheritor."
كَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ أَنْ عَلِّمُوا صِبْيَانَكُمُ الْعَوْمَ وَمُقَاتِلَتَكُمُ الرَّمْيَ قَالَ فَكَانُوا يَخْتَلِفُونَ بَيْنَ الْأَغْرَاضِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ سَهْمٌ غَرْبٌ فَأَصَابَ غُلَامًا فَقَتَلَهُ وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ لِلْغُلَامِ أَهْلٌ إِلَّا خَالُهُ فَكَتَبَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ شَأْنَ الْغُلَامِ إِلَى مَنْ يَدْفَعُ عَقْلَهُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ»
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضِ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ ابْنَ الْبِنْتِ لَا يَكُونُ وَلَدًا لِأَبِي الْبِنْتِ
[Machine] "While the Prophet ﷺ was giving a sermon, Hassan and Hussein approached him wearing two red shirts. They were standing and stumbling. The Prophet ﷺ then descended towards them, took them in his arms, and said, 'Verily, your wealth and your children are a trial.'"
«بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ وَعَلَيْهِمَا قَمِيصَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ يَقُومَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَخَذَهُمَا وَقَالَ » {إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ} «
ذِكْرُ السَّبَبِ الَّذِي مِنْ أَجْلِهِ فَعَلَ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ مَا وَصَفْنَاهُ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was delivering a Khutbah to us when Al-Hasan and Al-Husain [peace be upon them] came, wearing red shirts, walking and falling down. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended from the Minbar and carried them, and placed them in front of him. Then he said: 'Allah spoke the Truth: Indeed, your wealth and your children are a trial (64:15). I looked at these two children walking and falling down, and I could not bear patiently anymore until I interrupted my talk and picked them up." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3774)
سَمِعْتُ أَبِي بُرَيْدَةَ يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُنَا إِذْ جَاءَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ عَلَيْهِمَا قَمِيصَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمِنْبَرِ فَحَمَلَهُمَا فَوَضَعَهُمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «صَدَقَ اللَّهُ {إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ} نَظَرْتُ إِلَى هَذَيْنِ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَلَمْ أَصْبِرْ حَتَّى قَطَعْتُ حَدِيثِي فَرَفَعَتْهُمَا»