51. Book of Inheritance
٥١۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضِ قَوْلَ مَنْ أَبْطَلَ تَوْرِيثَ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "If someone leaves some property, it will be for the inheritors, and if he leaves some weak offspring, it will be for us to support them." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2398)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ تَرَكَ كَلًّا فَإِلَيْنَا وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ أَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ يَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُهُ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَانٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِصِحَّةِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever leaves behind a debt or lost property, it is to me. And whoever leaves behind wealth, it belongs to his inheritors. And I am the guardian of the one who has no guardian. Shall I release him and inherit his wealth? And the maternal uncle is the guardian of the one who has no guardian. He shall release him and inherit his wealth."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيْعَةً فَإِلَيَّ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ أَفُكُّ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُ مَالَهُ وَالْخَالُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ يَفُكُّ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُ مَالَهُ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَالِثٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِصِحَّةِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ
[Machine] Umar wrote to Abu Ubaydah: Teach your boys swimming and archery. Abu Ubaydah said: They had different opinions about these matters. Then, an arrow came from the west and hit a boy, killing him. The boy's uncle was the only one who knew about the boy's family. Abu Ubaydah wrote to Umar and informed him about the boy's incident and asked to whom his compensation should be given. Umar wrote back to him and said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah and His Messenger are protectors of those who have no protector, and the uncle is the inheritor of those who have no inheritor."
كَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ أَنْ عَلِّمُوا صِبْيَانَكُمُ الْعَوْمَ وَمُقَاتِلَتَكُمُ الرَّمْيَ قَالَ فَكَانُوا يَخْتَلِفُونَ بَيْنَ الْأَغْرَاضِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ سَهْمٌ غَرْبٌ فَأَصَابَ غُلَامًا فَقَتَلَهُ وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ لِلْغُلَامِ أَهْلٌ إِلَّا خَالُهُ فَكَتَبَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ شَأْنَ الْغُلَامِ إِلَى مَنْ يَدْفَعُ عَقْلَهُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ»
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضِ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ ابْنَ الْبِنْتِ لَا يَكُونُ وَلَدًا لِأَبِي الْبِنْتِ
[Machine] "While the Prophet ﷺ was giving a sermon, Hassan and Hussein approached him wearing two red shirts. They were standing and stumbling. The Prophet ﷺ then descended towards them, took them in his arms, and said, 'Verily, your wealth and your children are a trial.'"
«بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ وَعَلَيْهِمَا قَمِيصَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ يَقُومَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَخَذَهُمَا وَقَالَ » {إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ} «
ذِكْرُ السَّبَبِ الَّذِي مِنْ أَجْلِهِ فَعَلَ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ مَا وَصَفْنَاهُ
"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was delivering a Khutbah to us when Al-Hasan and Al-Husain [peace be upon them] came, wearing red shirts, walking and falling down. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended from the Minbar and carried them, and placed them in front of him. Then he said: 'Allah spoke the Truth: Indeed, your wealth and your children are a trial (64:15). I looked at these two children walking and falling down, and I could not bear patiently anymore until I interrupted my talk and picked them up." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3774)
سَمِعْتُ أَبِي بُرَيْدَةَ يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُنَا إِذْ جَاءَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ عَلَيْهِمَا قَمِيصَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمِنْبَرِ فَحَمَلَهُمَا فَوَضَعَهُمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «صَدَقَ اللَّهُ {إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ} نَظَرْتُ إِلَى هَذَيْنِ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ فَلَمْ أَصْبِرْ حَتَّى قَطَعْتُ حَدِيثِي فَرَفَعَتْهُمَا»