[Machine] He asked his son al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī about certain matters of manly virtue (murū’ah). He said: “My son, what is soundness (sadād)?” He replied: “Father, soundness is repelling wrongdoing with what is right.” He said: “Then what is nobility (sharaf)?” He replied: “Doing good to one’s clan, bearing burdensome liabilities, being in harmony with one’s brothers, and safeguarding the neighbors.” He said: “Then what is murū’ah?” He replied: “Chastity and setting one’s wealth aright.” He said: “Then what is meticulousness (diqqah)?” He replied: “Looking into small matters and preventing what is insignificant.” He said: “Then what is blameworthiness (lawm)?” He replied: “A man’s guarding himself while exposing his wife.” He said: “Then what is generosity (samāḥah)?” He replied: “Giving in hardship and in ease.” He said: “Then what is miserliness (shuḥḥ)?” He replied: “To regard what you have spent as loss.” He said: “Then what is brotherhood (ikhā’)?” He replied: “Sharing and consoling in hardship and in prosperity.” He said: “Then what is cowardice (jubn)?” He replied: “Boldness against a friend and shrinking from an enemy.” He said: “Then what is booty (ghanīmah)?” He replied: “Desiring piety and renouncing the world—this is the cool (easy) gain.” He said: “Then what is forbearance (ḥilm)?” He replied: “Suppressing anger and mastering oneself.” He said: “Then what is wealth (ghinā)?” He replied: “The soul’s contentment with what God Most High has allotted it, even if little; wealth is only the wealth of the soul.” He said: “Then what is poverty (faqr)?” He replied: “The soul’s avid craving in everything.” He said: “Then what is strength (manaʿah)?” He replied: “Great severity in battle and contending with the mighty among people.” He said: “Then what is humiliation (dhull)?” He replied: “Panic when truly tested.” He said: “Then what is ineptness (ʿiyy)?” He replied: “Fidgeting with the beard and much spitting when speaking.” He said: “Then what is audacity (jur’ah)?” He replied: “Keeping pace with one’s peers.” He said: “Then what is affectation/burdening oneself (kulfah)?” He replied: “Your speaking about what does not concern you.” He said: “Then what is glory (majd)?” He replied: “To give despite liability, and to pardon despite offense.” He said: “Then what is intellect (ʿaql)?” He replied: “Preserving in the heart whatever you have taken in.” He said: “Then what is stupidity/rashness (kharq)?” He replied: “Opposing your leader and raising your voice against him.” He said: “Then what is good praise?” He replied: “Doing what is beautiful and leaving what is ugly.” He said: “Then what is prudence/resolve (ḥazm)?” He replied: “Long deliberation and gentleness with those in authority.” He said: “Then what is foolishness (safah)?” He replied: “Following baseness and keeping company with the errant.” He said: “Then what is heedlessness (ghaflah)?” He replied: “Your leaving the mosque and your obeying the corrupter.” He said: “Then what is deprivation (ḥirmān)?” He replied: “Your leaving your share when it has been offered to you.” He said: “Then what is the corrupter (mufsid)?” He replied: “The fool with his wealth, the one who is careless about his honor.”
Then ʿAlī said: “I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: ‘No poverty is harsher than ignorance; no wealth is more beneficial than intellect; no loneliness is more desolate than self-admiration; no support is more fitting than consultation; no intellect is like sound planning; no lineage is like good character; no piety is like restraint; no worship is like reflection; and no faith is like modesty and patience. The bane of speech is lying; the bane of knowledge is forgetfulness; the bane of forbearance is foolishness; the bane of worship is slackening; the bane of elegance is insolence; the bane of courage is transgression; the bane of generosity is reminding others of one’s favors; the bane of beauty is arrogance; and the bane of lineage is boastfulness.’ My son, never belittle any man you ever see: if he is better than you, then consider him your father; if he is like you, then he is your brother; and if he is younger than you, then consider him your son.”
Abū al-Qāsim said: “No one narrated this ḥadīth from Shuʿbah except Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh Abū Rajā’ al-Ḥabaṭī; it was uniquely reported by ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-Zayyāt. And it is not narrated from ʿAlī except with this chain of transmission.”
سَأَلَ ابْنَهُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُرُوءَةِ فَقَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ مَا السَّدَادُ؟ قَالَ يَا أَبَهْ السَّدَادُ دَفْعُ الْمُنْكَرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ فَمَا الشَّرَفُ؟ قَالَ اصْطِناعُ الْعَشِيرَةِ وَحَمْلُ الْجَرِيرَةِ ومُوافَقَةُ الْإِخْوانِ وَحِفْظُ الْجِيرَانِ قَالَ فَمَا الْمُرُوءَةُ؟ قَالَ الْعَفَافُ وَإِصْلَاحُ الْمَالِ قَالَ فَمَا الدِّقَّةُ؟ قَالَ النَّظَرُ فِي الْيَسِيرِ وَمَنْعُ الْحَقِيرِ قَالَ فَمَا اللَّومُ؟ قَالَ إِحْرَازُ الْمَرْءِ نَفْسَهُ وبَذْلُهُ عُرْسَهُ قَالَ فَمَا السَّمَاحَةُ؟ قَالَ الْبَذْلُ مِنَ الْعَسِيرِ وَالْيَسِيرِ قَالَ فَمَا الشُّحُّ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَرَى مَا أَنْفَقْتَهُ تَلَفًا قَالَ فَمَا الْإِخَاءُ؟ قَالَ الْمُوَاسَاةُ فِي الشِّدَّةِ وَالرَّخَاءِ قَالَ فَمَا الْجُبْنُ؟ قَالَ الْجُرْأَةُ عَلَى الصَّدِيقِ وَالنُّكُولُ عَنِ الْعَدُوِّ قَالَ فَمَا الْغَنِيمَةُ؟ قَالَ الرَّغْبَةُ فِي التَّقْوَى وَالزَّهَادَةُ فِي الدُّنْيَا هِيَ الْغَنِيمَةُ الْبَارِدَةُ قَالَ فَمَا الْحِلْمُ؟ قَالَ كَظْمُ الْغَيْظِ وَمِلْكُ النَّفْسِ قَالَ فَمَا الْغِنَى؟ قَالَ رِضَى النَّفْسِ بِمَا قَسَمَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لَهَا وَإِنْ قَلَّ وَإِنَّمَا الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْسِ قَالَ فَمَا الْفَقْرُ؟ قَالَ شَرَهُ النَّفْسِ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَالَ فَمَا الْمَنَعَةُ؟ قَالَ شِدَّةُ الْبَأْسِ ومُنازَعَةُ أَعِزَّاءِ النَّاسِ قَالَ فَمَا الذُّلُّ؟ قَالَ الْفَزَعُ عِنْدَ الْمَصْدُوقَةِ قَالَ فَمَا الْعِيُّ؟ قَالَ الْعَبَثُ بِاللِّحْيَةِ وَكَثْرَةُ الْبَزْقِ عِنْدَ الْمُخاطَبَةِ قَالَ فَمَا الْجُرْأَةُ؟ قَالَ مُوَافَقَةُ الْأَقْرَانِ قَالَ فَمَا الْكُلْفَةُ؟ قَالَ كَلَامُكُ فِيمَا لَا يَعْنِيكَ قَالَ فَمَا الْمَجْدُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُعْطِيَ فِي الْغُرْمِ وَتَعْفُوَ عَنِ الْجُرْمِ قَالَ فَمَا الْعَقْلُ؟ قَالَ حِفْظُ الْقَلْبِ كُلَّمَا اسْتَوْعَيْتَهُ قَالَ فَمَا الْخُرْقُ؟ قَالَ مُعَازَتُكَ إِمَامَكَ ورَفْعُكَ عَلَيْهِ كَلَامَكَ قَالَ فَمَا حُسْنُ الثَّنَاءِ؟ قَالَ إِتْيَانُ الْجَمِيلِ وَتَرْكُ الْقَبِيحِ قَالَ فَمَا الْحَزْمُ؟ قَالَ طُولُ الْأَنَاةِ وَالرِّفْقُ بِالْوُلَاةِ قَالَ فَمَا السَّفَهُ؟ قَالَ اتِّبَاعُ الدَّناءَةِ وَمُصاحَبَةُ الْغُوَاةِ قَالَ فَمَا الْغَفْلَةُ؟ قَالَ تَرْكُكَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَطَاعَتُكَ الْمُفْسِدَ قَالَ فَمَا الْحِرْمَانُ؟ قَالَ تَرْكُكَ حَظَّكَ وَقَدْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ فَمَا الْمُفْسِدُ؟ قَالَ الْأَحْمَقُ فِي مَالِهِ الْمُتَهَاوِنُ فِي عِرْضِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «لَا فَقْرَ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْجَهْلِ وَلَا مَالَ أَعْوَدُ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ وَلَا وَحْدَةَ أَوْحَشُ مِنَ الْعُجْبِ وَلَا اسْتِظْهارَ أَوْفَقُ مِنَ الْمُشَاوَرَةِ وَلَا عَقْلَ كَالتَّدْبِيرِ وَلَا حَسَبَ كَحُسْنِ الْخَلْقِ وَلَا وَرَعَ كَالْكَفِّ وَلَا عِبَادَةَ كالتَّفَكُّرِ وَلَا إِيمَانَ كَالْحَيَاءِ وَالصَّبْرِ وَآفَةُ الْحَدِيثِ الْكَذِبُ وَآفَةُ الْعِلْمِ النِّسْيَانُ وَآفَةُ الْحِلْمِ السَّفَهُ وَآفَةُ الْعِبَادَةِ الْفَتْرَةُ وَآفَةُ الظَّرْفِ الصَّلَفُ وَآفَةُ الشَّجَاعَةِ الْبَغْيُ وَآفَةُ السَّمَاحَةِ الْمَنُّ وَآفَةُ الْجَمَالِ الْخُيَلَاءُ وَآفَةُ الْحَسَبِ الْفَخْرُ» يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تَسْتَخِفَّنَّ بِرَجُلٍ تَرَاهُ أَبَدًا فَإِنْ كَانَ خَيْرًا مِنْكَ فَاحْسَبْ أَنَّهُ أَبُوكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِثْلَكَ فَهُوَ أَخُوكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَصْغَرَ مِنْكَ فَاحْسَبْ أَنَّهُ ابْنُكَ قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ لَمْ يَرْوِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ إِلَّا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَبُو رَجَاءٍ الْحَبَطِيُّ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الزَّيَّاتُ وَلَا يُرْوَى عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ إِلَّا بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ
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