Yes I said to her: Which were (the particular) days of the month on which he observed fast? She said: He was not particular about the days of the month on which to observe fast.

أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا مِنْ أَىِّ أَيَّامِ الشَّهْرِ كَانَ يَصُومُ قَالَتْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُبَالِي مِنْ أَىِّ أَيَّامِ الشَّهْرِ يَصُومُ

O, so and so, did you observe fast in the middle of the month? He said: No. Thereupon he (the Messenger of Allah) said: When you break it, then observe fast for two days.

يَسْمَعُ يَا فُلاَنُ أَصُمْتَ مِنْ سُرَّةِ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ فَإِذَا أَفْطَرْتَ فَصُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ

[AI] A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "How do you fast?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry. When Umar ؓ saw his anger, he said, "We are pleased with Allah ﷻ as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muhammad as Prophet. We seek refuge in Allah ﷻ from the anger of Allah ﷻ and the anger of His Messenger." Umar ؓ kept repeating these words until his anger subsided. Then Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about one who fasts all the time?" He said: "He has neither fasted nor broken his fast," or he said: "He did not fast and he did not break his fast." He said, "What about one who fasts two days and breaks fast one day?" He said: "Who could bear that?" He said, "What about one who fasts one day and breaks fast one day?" He said: "That is the fast of Dawud, ﷺ ." He said, "What about one who fasts one day and breaks fast two days?" He said: "I wish I had been given the ability to do that."

Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Three days of every month, and Ramadan to Ramadan: that is fasting for the whole year. Fasting the day of Arafah—I hope from Allah ﷻ that it will expiate the year before it and the year after it. And fasting the day of Ashura—I hope from Allah ﷻ that it will expiate the year before it."

رَجُلٌ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَصُومُ؟ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى عُمَرُ ؓ غَضَبَهُ قَالَ: رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالإِسْلاَمِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا، نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ. فَجَعَلَ عُمَرُ ؓ يُرَدِّدُ هَذَا الْكَلاَمَ حَتَّى سَكَنَ غَضَبُهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ؟ قَالَ: «لاَ صَامَ وَلاَ أَفْطَرَ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «لَمْ يَصُمْ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ». قَالَ: كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ: «وَيُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ؟» قَالَ: كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ: «ذَاكَ صَوْمُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ». قَالَ: كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمَيْنِ؟ قَالَ: «وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي طُوِّقْتُ ذَلِكَ».

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ثَلاَثٌ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ، فَهَذَا صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ. صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهُ، وَصِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ».

[AI] that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about his fasting. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry, so Umar ᴿᴬ said, "We are content with Allah as Lord, with Islam as religion, with Muhammad as Messenger, and with our pledge as a pledge."

He said: He was asked about fasting continuously, and he said: "He has neither fasted nor broken the fast—or: he has not fasted and has not broken the fast." He said: He was asked about fasting two days and breaking the fast one day, and he said: "Who can bear that?" He said: He was asked about fasting one day and breaking the fast two days, and he said: "Would that Allah had given us strength for that." He said: He was asked about fasting one day and breaking the fast one day, and he said: "That is the fast of my brother Dawud, upon him be peace."

He said: He was asked about fasting on Monday, and he said: "That is a day on which I was born, and a day on which I was sent—or on which revelation was sent down to me." He said: Then he said: "Fasting three days of every month, and Ramadan to Ramadan, is fasting for a lifetime."

He said: He was asked about fasting the Day of Arafah, and he said: "It expiates the past year and the coming one." He said: He was asked about fasting the Day of Ashurah, and he said: "It expiates the past year."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِهِ، قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالإِسْلاَمِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولاً وَبِبَيْعَتِنَا بَيْعَةً.

قَالَ: فَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِيَامِ الدَّهْرِ، فَقَالَ: «لاَ صَامَ وَلاَ أَفْطَرَ، أَوْ مَا صَامَ وَمَا أَفْطَرَ.» قَالَ: فَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمَيْنِ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمٍ، قَالَ: «وَمَنْ يُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ؟» قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمَيْنِ، قَالَ: «لَيْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَوَّانَا لِذَلِكَ.» قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمٍ، قَالَ: «ذَاكَ صَوْمُ أَخِي دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ.»

قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الاِثْنَيْنِ، قَالَ: «ذَاكَ يَوْمٌ وُلِدْتُ فِيهِ، وَيَوْمٌ بُعِثْتُ أَوْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَىَّ فِيهِ.» قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «صَوْمُ ثَلاَثَةٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَمَضَانَ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ.»

قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، فَقَالَ: «يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ وَالْبَاقِيَةَ.» قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ: «يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ.»

This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters.

عَنْ شُعْبَةَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ

This hadith has been narrated by Ghailan b. Jarir with the same chain of transmitters, but with one variation, that there has been made mention of Monday and not of Thursday.

أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ الاِثْنَيْنِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْخَمِيسَ

It is (the day) when I was born and revelation was sent down to me.

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ الاِثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ فِيهِ وُلِدْتُ وَفِيهِ أُنْزِلَ عَلَىَّ