12. Zakāh (Ritual Charity)
١٢۔ كتاب الزكاة
نَبِيُّكُمْ ﷺ وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ كُلُّ مَعْرُوفٍ صَدَقَةٌ
some of the people from among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: Messenger of Allah, the rich have taken away (all the) reward. They observe prayer as we do; they keep the fasts as we keep, and they give Sadaqa out of their surplus riches. Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) said: Has Allah not prescribed for you (a course) by following which you can (also) do sadaqa? In every declaration of the glorification of Allah (i. e. saying Subhan Allah) there is a Sadaqa, and every Takbir (i. e. saying Allah-O-Akbar) is a sadaqa, and every praise of His (saying al-Hamdu Lillah) is a Sadaqa and every declaration that He is One (La illha ill-Allah) is a sadaqa, and enjoining of good is a sadaqa, and forbidding of that which is evil is a Sadaqa, and in man's sexual Intercourse (with his wife, ) there is a Sadaqa. They (the Companions) said: Messenger of Allah, is there reward for him who satisfies his sexual passion among us? He said: Tell me, if he were to devote it to something forbidden, would it not be a sin on his part? Similarly, if he were to devote it to something lawful, he should have a reward.
أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الدُّثُورِ بِالأُجُورِ يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ قَالَ أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مَا تَصَّدَّقُونَ إِنَّ بِكُلِّ تَسْبِيحَةٍ صَدَقَةً وَكُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ وَكُلِّ تَحْمِيدَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ وَكُلِّ تَهْلِيلَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ وَأَمْرٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ صَدَقَةٌ وَنَهْىٌ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ صَدَقَةٌ وَفِي بُضْعِ أَحَدِكُمْ صَدَقَةٌ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيَأْتِي أَحَدُنَا شَهْوَتَهُ وَيَكُونُ لَهُ فِيهَا أَجْرٌ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ وَضَعَهَا فِي حَرَامٍ أَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا وِزْرٌ فَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا وَضَعَهَا فِي الْحَلاَلِ كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ
Every one of the children of Adam has been created with three hundred and sixty joints; so he who declares the Glory of Allah, praises Allah, declares Allah to be One, Glorifies Allah, and seeks forgiveness from Allah, and removes stone, or thorn, or bone from people's path, and enjoins what is good and forbids from evil, to the number of those three hundred and sixty joints, will walk that day having saved himself from the Fire. Abu Taubah said: "Perhaps he said: 'Will reach the evening.'"
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ خُلِقَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ عَلَى سِتِّينَ وَثَلاَثِمَائَةِ مَفْصِلٍ۔ فَمَنْ كَبَّرَ اللَّهَ، وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَهَلَّلَ اللَّهَ، وَسَبَّحَ اللَّهَ، وَاسْتَغْفَرَ اللَّهَ، وَعَزَلَ حَجَرًا عَنْ طَرِيقِ النَّاسِ أَوْ شَوْكَةً أَوْ عَظْمًا عَنْ طَرِيقِ النَّاسِ، وَأَمَرَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ نَهَى عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ، عَدَدَ تِلْكَ السِّتِّينَ وَالثَّلاَثِمِائَةِ السُّلاَمَى، فَإِنَّهُ يَمْشِي يَوْمَئِذٍ وَقَدْ زَحْزَحَ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ النَّارِ۔» قَالَ أَبُو تَوْبَةَ: وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ يُمْسِي
Or he enjoined what is good, ... and said: He enters the evening [i.e. he walks till evening].
أَخْبَرَنِي أَخِي زَيْدٌ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَوْ أَمَرَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَقَالَ فَإِنَّهُ يُمْسِي يَوْمَئِذٍ
" Every man is created" ; the rest of the hadith is the same and he said:" He walks on that day."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خُلِقَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ بِنَحْوِ حَدِيثِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ وَقَالَ فَإِنَّهُ يَمْشِي يَوْمَئِذٍ
Giving of Sadaqa is essential for every Muslim. It was said (to him): What do you say of him who does not find (the means) to do so? He said: Let him work with both his hands, thus doing benefit to himself and give Sadaqa. It was said to him: What about him who does not have (the means) to do so? He said: Then let him assist the needy, the aggrieved. It was said: What do you say of one who cannot even do this? He said: Then he should enjoin what is reputable or what is good. He said: What about him if he cannot do that? He (the Holy Prophet) said: He should then abstain from evil, for verify that is Sadaqa on his behalf.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ صَدَقَةٌ قِيلَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ قَالَ يَعْتَمِلُ بِيَدَيْهِ فَيَنْفَعُ نَفْسَهُ وَيَتَصَدَّقُ قَالَ قِيلَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ قَالَ يُعِينُ ذَا الْحَاجَةِ الْمَلْهُوفَ قَالَ قِيلَ لَهُ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ قَالَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ أَوِ الْخَيْرِ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ قَالَ يُمْسِكُ عَنِ الشَّرِّ فَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ
This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters.
حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ
from Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he mentioned aḥādith, and among them, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Ṣadaqah (charity) is due on every joint of a person every day the sun rises." He said, "(1) Administering justice between two men is also ṣadaqah, (2) assisting a man in riding upon his beast or helping him load luggage upon it is a ṣadaqah." He ˹also˺ said, "(3) A good word is ṣadaqah; (4) every step that you take towards prayer is ṣadaqah, and (5) removing harmful things from the pathway is ṣadaqah."
عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلُّ سُلاَمَى مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَطْلُعُ فِيهِ الشَّمْسُ۔» قَالَ: «(١) تَعْدِلُ بَيْنَ الاِثْنَيْنِ صَدَقَةٌ، (٢) وَتُعِينُ الرَّجُلَ فِي دَابَّتِهِ فَتَحْمِلُهُ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ تَرْفَعُ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا مَتَاعَهُ صَدَقَةٌ۔» قَالَ: «(٣) وَالْكَلِمَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ صَدَقَةٌ، (٤) وَكُلُّ خَطْوَةٍ تَمْشِيهَا إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ صَدَقَةٌ، (٥) وَتُمِيطُ الأَذَى عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ صَدَقَةٌ۔»