12. Zakāh (Ritual Charity)
١٢۔ كتاب الزكاة
Every act of goodness is sadaqa.
نَبِيُّكُمْ ﷺ وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ كُلُّ مَعْرُوفٍ صَدَقَةٌ
Compete with the wealthy in giving charity through dhikr
Some people among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ said to the Prophet ﷺ: “O Messenger of Allah, the people of wealth have taken all the rewards: they pray as we pray, they fast as we fast, and they give charity from their surplus wealth.”
He said: “Has Allah not made for you something by which you can give charity? Indeed, every glorification (saying subḥān Allāh) is a charity, every magnification (saying Allāhu akbar) is a charity, every praise (saying al-ḥamdu lillāh) is a charity, every declaration of His oneness (saying lā ilāha illā Allāh) is a charity, enjoining what is right is a charity, forbidding what is wrong is a charity, and in the sexual act of one of you there is a charity.”
They said: “O Messenger of Allah, does one of us fulfill his desire and still have a reward in it?” He said: “Do you not see that if he were to place it in what is unlawful, he would bear a sin for it? Likewise, if he places it in what is lawful, he will have a reward.”
أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الدُّثُورِ بِالأُجُورِ: يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي, وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ, وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.
قَالَ: «أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مَا تَصَّدَّقُونَ؟ إِنَّ بِكُلِّ تَسْبِيحَةٍ صَدَقَةً، وَكُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَكُلِّ تَحْمِيدَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَكُلِّ تَهْلِيلَةٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَأَمْرٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَنَهْىٌ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَفِي بُضْعِ أَحَدِكُمْ صَدَقَةٌ»
قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيَأْتِي أَحَدُنَا شَهْوَتَهُ وَيَكُونُ لَهُ فِيهَا أَجْرٌ؟ قَالَ: «أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ وَضَعَهَا فِي حَرَامٍ أَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا وِزْرٌ فَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا وَضَعَهَا فِي الْحَلاَلِ كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ»
that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Every human being from the children of Adam has been created with three hundred and sixty joints. So whoever magnifies Allah (says: Allah is the Greatest), praises Allah, declares Allah’s oneness (says: there is no god but Allah), glorifies Allah, seeks Allah’s forgiveness, and removes a stone from the people’s path—or a thorn or a bone—from the people’s path, or enjoins what is right or forbids what is wrong—[doing] a number equal to those three hundred and sixty joints—then on that day he will walk having moved himself away from Hellfire.”
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ خُلِقَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ عَلَى سِتِّينَ وَثَلاَثِمَائَةِ مَفْصِلٍ۔ فَمَنْ كَبَّرَ اللَّهَ، وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَهَلَّلَ اللَّهَ، وَسَبَّحَ اللَّهَ، وَاسْتَغْفَرَ اللَّهَ، وَعَزَلَ حَجَرًا عَنْ طَرِيقِ النَّاسِ أَوْ شَوْكَةً أَوْ عَظْمًا عَنْ طَرِيقِ النَّاسِ، وَأَمَرَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ نَهَى عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ، عَدَدَ تِلْكَ السِّتِّينَ وَالثَّلاَثِمِائَةِ السُّلاَمَى، فَإِنَّهُ يَمْشِي يَوْمَئِذٍ وَقَدْ زَحْزَحَ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ النَّارِ۔»
Or he enjoined what is good, ... and said: He enters the evening [i.e. he walks till evening].
أَخْبَرَنِي أَخِي زَيْدٌ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَوْ أَمَرَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَقَالَ فَإِنَّهُ يُمْسِي يَوْمَئِذٍ
" Every man is created" ; the rest of the hadith is the same and he said:" He walks on that day."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خُلِقَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ بِنَحْوِ حَدِيثِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ وَقَالَ فَإِنَّهُ يَمْشِي يَوْمَئِذٍ
Giving of Sadaqa is essential for every Muslim. It was said (to him): What do you say of him who does not find (the means) to do so? He said: Let him work with both his hands, thus doing benefit to himself and give Sadaqa. It was said to him: What about him who does not have (the means) to do so? He said: Then let him assist the needy, the aggrieved. It was said: What do you say of one who cannot even do this? He said: Then he should enjoin what is reputable or what is good. He said: What about him if he cannot do that? He (the Holy Prophet) said: He should then abstain from evil, for verify that is Sadaqa on his behalf.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ صَدَقَةٌ قِيلَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ قَالَ يَعْتَمِلُ بِيَدَيْهِ فَيَنْفَعُ نَفْسَهُ وَيَتَصَدَّقُ قَالَ قِيلَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ قَالَ يُعِينُ ذَا الْحَاجَةِ الْمَلْهُوفَ قَالَ قِيلَ لَهُ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ قَالَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ أَوِ الْخَيْرِ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ قَالَ يُمْسِكُ عَنِ الشَّرِّ فَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ
This hadith has been narrated by Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters.
حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ
from Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he mentioned aḥādith, and among them, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Ṣadaqah (charity) is due on every joint of a person every day the sun rises." He said, "(1) Administering justice between two men is also ṣadaqah, (2) assisting a man in riding upon his beast or helping him load luggage upon it is a ṣadaqah." He ˹also˺ said, "(3) A good word is ṣadaqah; (4) every step that you take towards prayer is ṣadaqah, and (5) removing harmful things from the pathway is ṣadaqah."
عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلُّ سُلاَمَى مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَطْلُعُ فِيهِ الشَّمْسُ۔» قَالَ: «(١) تَعْدِلُ بَيْنَ الاِثْنَيْنِ صَدَقَةٌ، (٢) وَتُعِينُ الرَّجُلَ فِي دَابَّتِهِ فَتَحْمِلُهُ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ تَرْفَعُ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا مَتَاعَهُ صَدَقَةٌ۔» قَالَ: «(٣) وَالْكَلِمَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ صَدَقَةٌ، (٤) وَكُلُّ خَطْوَةٍ تَمْشِيهَا إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ صَدَقَةٌ، (٥) وَتُمِيطُ الأَذَى عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ صَدَقَةٌ۔»