A man said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Which sin is the greatest in Allah's Sight?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "To set up a rival unto Allah though He Alone created you . " The man said, "What is next?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "To kill your son lest he should share your food with you." The man said, "What is next?" The Prophet said, "To commit illegal sexual intercourse with the wife of your neighbor." So Allah revealed in confirmation of this narration:-- 'And those who invoke not with Allah, any other god. Nor kill, such life as Allah has forbidden except for just cause nor commit illegal sexual intercourse. And whoever does this shall receive the punishment.' (25.68)  

رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَىُّ الذَّنْبِ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَنْ تَدْعُوَ لِلَّهِ نِدًّا وَهْوَ خَلَقَكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَىٌّ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ مَعَكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَىٌّ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَنْ تُزَانِيَ بِحَلِيلَةِ جَارِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ تَصْدِيقَهَا {وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلاَ يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ وَلاَ يَزْنُونَ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَامًا} الآيَةَ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A faithful believer remains at liberty regarding his religion unless he kills somebody unlawfully."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَنْ يَزَالَ الْمُؤْمِنُ فِي فُسْحَةٍ مِنْ دِينِهِ مَا لَمْ يُصِبْ دَمًا حَرَامًا  

One of the evil deeds with bad consequence from which there is no escape for the one who is involved in it is to kill someone unlawfully.  

إِنَّ مِنْ وَرْطَاتِ الأُمُورِ الَّتِي لاَ مَخْرَجَ لِمَنْ أَوْقَعَ نَفْسَهُ فِيهَا سَفْكَ الدَّمِ الْحَرَامِ بِغَيْرِ حِلِّهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "The first cases to be decided among the people (on the Day of Resurrection) will be those of blood-shed."  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَوَّلُ مَا يُقْضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِي الدِّمَاءِ  

An ally of Bani Zuhra who took part in the battle of Badr with the Prophet, that he said, "O Allah's Apostle! If I meet an unbeliever and we have a fight, and he strikes my hand with the sword and cuts it off, and then takes refuge from me under a tree, and says, 'I have surrendered to Allah (i.e. embraced Islam),' may I kill him after he has said so?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not kill him." Al- Miqdad said, "But O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He had chopped off one of my hands and he said that after he had cut it off. May I kill him?" The Prophet ﷺ said. "Do not kill him for if you kill him, he would be in the position in which you had been before you kill him, and you would be in the position in which he was before he said the sentence." The Prophet ﷺ also said to Al-Miqdad, "If a faithful believer conceals his faith (Islam) from the disbelievers, and then when he declares his Islam, you kill him, (you will be sinful). Remember that you were also concealing your faith (Islam) at Mecca before."  

وَكَانَ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ لَقِيتُ كَافِرًا فَاقْتَتَلْنَا فَضَرَبَ يَدِي بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعَهَا ثُمَّ لاَذَ بِشَجَرَةٍ وَقَالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِلَّهِ آقْتُلُهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَهَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَقْتُلْهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّهُ طَرَحَ إِحْدَى يَدَىَّ ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْدَ مَا قَطَعَهَا آقْتُلُهُ قَالَ لاَ تَقْتُلْهُ فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ وَأَنْتَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَلِمَتَهُ الَّتِي قَالَ وَقَالَ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْمِقْدَادِ إِذَا كَانَ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ يُخْفِي إِيمَانَهُ مَعَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ فَأَظْهَرَ إِيمَانَهُ فَقَتَلْتَهُ فَكَذَلِكَ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ تُخْفِي إِيمَانَكَ بِمَكَّةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "No human being is killed unjustly, but a part of responsibility for the crime is laid on the first son of Adam who invented the tradition of killing (murdering) on the earth. (It is said that he was Qabil).  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ تُقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ إِلاَّ كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْهَا  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "After me (i.e. after my death), do not become disbelievers, by striking (cutting) the necks of one another.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ  

The Prophet ﷺ said during Hajjat-al-Wadaʿ, "Let the people be quiet and listen to me. After me, do not become disbelievers, by striking (cutting) the necks of one another."  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ اسْتَنْصِتِ النَّاسَ لاَ تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Al-Kaʿba'ir (the biggest sins) are: To join others (as partners) in worship with Allah, to be undutiful to one's parents," or said, "to take a false oath." (The sub-narrator, Shuʿba is not sure) Muʿadh said: Shuʿba said, "Al-Kaʿba'ir (the biggest sins) are: (1) Joining others as partners in worship with Allah, (2) to take a false oath (3) and to be undutiful to one's parents," or said, "to murder (someone unlawfully).  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْكَبَائِرُ الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ أَوْ قَالَ الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ شَكَّ شُعْبَةُ وَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ الْكَبَائِرُ الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ أَوْ قَالَ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "The biggest of Al-Kaʿba'ir (the great sins) are (1) to join others as partners in worship with Allah, (2) to murder a human being, (3) to be undutiful to one's parents (4) and to make a false statement," or said, "to give a false witness."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْكَبَائِرُ وَحَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ أَوْ قَالَ وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us (to fight) against Al-Huraqa (one of the sub-tribes) of Juhaina. We reached those people in the morning and defeated them. A man from the Ansar and I chased one of their men and when we attacked him, he said, "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah." The Ansari refrained from killing him but I stabbed him with my spear till I killed him. When we reached (Medina), this news reached the Prophet. He said to me, "O Usama! You killed him after he had said, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah?"' I said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He said so in order to save himself." The Prophet ﷺ said, "You killed him after he had said, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah." The Prophet ﷺ kept on repeating that statement till I wished I had not been a Muslim before that day.  

بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْحُرَقَةِ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ قَالَ فَصَبَّحْنَا الْقَوْمَ فَهَزَمْنَاهُمْ قَالَ وَلَحِقْتُ أَنَا وَرَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ رَجُلاً مِنْهُمْ قَالَ فَلَمَّا غَشِينَاهُ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ قَالَ فَكَفَّ عَنْهُ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَطَعَنْتُهُ بِرُمْحِي حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي يَا أُسَامَةُ أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ مَا قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مُتَعَوِّذًا قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ قَالَ فَمَا زَالَ يُكَرِّرُهَا عَلَىَّ حَتَّى تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ أَسْلَمْتُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ  

I was among those Naqibs (selected leaders) who gave the Pledge of allegiance to Messenger of Allah ﷺ. We gave the oath of allegiance, that we would not join partners in worship besides Allah, would not steal, would not commit illegal sexual intercourse, would not kill a life which Allah has forbidden, would not commit robbery, would not disobey (Allah and His Apostle), and if we fulfilled this pledge we would have Paradise, but if we committed any one of these (sins), then our case will be decided by Allah.  

إِنِّي مِنَ النُّقَبَاءِ الَّذِينَ بَايَعُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَايَعْنَاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لاَ نُشْرِكَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلاَ نَسْرِقَ وَلاَ نَزْنِيَ وَلاَ نَقْتُلَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَلاَ نَنْتَهِبَ وَلاَ نَعْصِيَ بِالْجَنَّةِ إِنْ فَعَلْنَا ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ غَشِينَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا كَانَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever carries arms against us, is not from us."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ حَمَلَ عَلَيْنَا السِّلاَحَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا رَوَاهُ أَبُو مُوسَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

I went to help that man (i.e., ʿAli), and on the way I met Abu Bakra who asked me, "Where are you going?" I replied, "I am going to help that man." He said, "Go back, for I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'If two Muslims meet each other with their swords then (both) the killer and the killed one are in the (Hell) Fire.' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! It is alright for the killer, but what about the killed one?' He said, 'The killed one was eager to kill his opponent."  

ذَهَبْتُ لأَنْصُرَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ فَلَقِيَنِي أَبُو بَكْرَةَ فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قُلْتُ: أَنْصُرُ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ۔ قَالَ: ارْجِعْ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا الْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمَانِ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا فَالْقَاتِلُ وَالْمَقْتُولُ فِي النَّارِ۔» قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا الْقَاتِلُ، فَمَا بَالُ الْمَقْتُولِ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَرِيصًا عَلَى قَتْلِ صَاحِبِهِ۔»  

A Jew crushed the head of a girl between two stones, and the girl was asked, "Who has done that to you, so-and-so or so and so?" (Some names were mentioned for her) till the name of that Jew was mentioned (whereupon she agreed). The Jew was brought to the Prophet ﷺ and the Prophet ﷺ kept on questioning him till he confessed, whereupon his head was crushed with stones.  

أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا رَضَّ رَأْسَ جَارِيَةٍ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ فَقِيلَ لَهَا مَنْ فَعَلَ بِكِ هَذَا أَفُلاَنٌ أَوْ فُلاَنٌ حَتَّى سُمِّيَ الْيَهُودِيُّ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى أَقَرَّ بِهِ فَرُضَّ رَأْسُهُ بِالْحِجَارَةِ  

A girl wearing ornaments, went out at Medina. Somebody struck her with a stone. She was brought to the Prophet ﷺ while she was still alive. Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked her, "Did such-and-such a person strike you?" She raised her head, denying that. He asked her a second time, saying, "Did so-and-so strike you?" She raised her head, denying that. He said for the third time, "Did so-and-so strike you?" She lowered her head, agreeing. Messenger of Allah ﷺ then sent for the killer and killed him between two stones.  

فَجِيءَ بِهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبِهَا رَمَقٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فُلاَنٌ قَتَلَكِ فَرَفَعَتْ رَأْسَهَا فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ فُلاَنٌ قَتَلَكِ فَرَفَعَتْ رَأْسَهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا فِي الثَّالِثَةِ فُلاَنٌ قَتَلَكِ فَخَفَضَتْ رَأْسَهَا فَدَعَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَتَلَهُ بَيْنَ الْحَجَرَيْنِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The blood of a Muslim who confesses that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that I am His Apostle, cannot be shed except in three cases: In Qisas for murder, a married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse and the one who reverts from Islam (apostate) and leaves the Muslims."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لاَ يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ بِإِحْدَى ثَلاَثٍ: (١) النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ، (٢) وَالثَّيِّبُ الزَّانِي، (٣) وَالْمَارِقُ مِنَ الدِّينِ التَّارِكُ الْجَمَاعَةَ۔»  

A Jew killed a girl so that he may steal her ornaments. He struck her with a stone, and she was brought to the Prophet ﷺ while she was still alive. The Prophet ﷺ asked her, "Did such-and-such person strike you?" She gestured with her head, expressing denial. He asked her for the second time, and she again gestured with her head, expressing denial. When he asked her for the third time, she beckoned, "Yes." So the Prophet ﷺ killed him (the Jew) with two stones.  

أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا قَتَلَ جَارِيَةً عَلَى أَوْضَاحٍ لَهَا فَقَتَلَهَا بِحَجَرٍ فَجِيءَ بِهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَبِهَا رَمَقٌ فَقَالَ أَقَتَلَكِ فُلاَنٌ فَأَشَارَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا أَنْ لاَ ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَأَشَارَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا أَنْ لاَ ثُمَّ سَأَلَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَأَشَارَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا أَنْ نَعَمْ فَقَتَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِحَجَرَيْنِ  

In the year of the Conquest of Mecca, the tribe of Khuzaʿa killed a man from the tribe of Bam Laith in revenge for a killed person belonging to them in the Pre-lslamic Period of Ignorance. So Allah's Apostle got up saying, "Allah held back the (army having) elephants from Mecca, but He let His Apostle and the believers overpower the infidels (of Mecca). Beware! (Mecca is a sanctuary)! Verily! Fighting in Mecca was not permitted for anybody before me, nor will it be permitted for anybody after me; It was permitted for me only for a while (an hour or so) of that day. No doubt! It is at this moment a sanctuary; its thorny shrubs should not be uprooted; its trees should not be cut down; and its Luqata (fallen things) should not be picked up except by the one who would look for its owner. And if somebody is killed, his closest relative has the right to choose one of two things, i.e., either the Blood money or retaliation by having the killer killed." Then a man from Yemen, called Abu Shah, stood up and said, "Write that) for me, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ!" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said (to his companions), "Write that for Abu Shah." Then another man from Quraish got up, saying, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Except Al- Idhkhir (a special kind of grass) as we use it in our houses and for graves." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Except Al-idhkkir."  

أَنَّهُ عَامَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ قَتَلَتْ خُزَاعَةُ رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ بِقَتِيلٍ لَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَسَ عَنْ مَكَّةَ الْفِيلَ وَسَلَّطَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلاَ وَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي وَلاَ تَحِلُّ لأَحَدٍ بَعْدِي أَلاَ وَإِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ أَلاَ وَإِنَّهَا سَاعَتِي هَذِهِ حَرَامٌ لاَ يُخْتَلَى شَوْكُهَا وَلاَ يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا وَلاَ يَلْتَقِطُ سَاقِطَتَهَا إِلاَّ مُنْشِدٌ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهْوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا يُودَى وَإِمَّا يُقَادُ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو شَاهٍ فَقَالَ اكْتُبْ لِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اكْتُبُوا لأَبِي شَاهٍ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ الإِذْخِرَ فَإِنَّمَا نَجْعَلُهُ فِي بُيُوتِنَا وَقُبُورِنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلاَّ الإِذْخِرَ وَتَابَعَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ شَيْبَانَ فِي الْفِيلِ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ الْقَتْلَ وَقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ إِمَّا أَنْ يُقَادَ أَهْلُ الْقَتِيلِ  

For the children of Israel the punishment for crime was Al-Qisas only (i.e., the law of equality in punishment) and the payment of Blood money was not permitted as an alternate. But Allah said to this nation (Muslims): 'O you who believe! Qisas is prescribed for you in case of murder, .....(up to) ...end of the Verse. (2.178) Ibn ʿAbbas added: Remission (forgiveness) in this Verse, means to accept the Blood-money in an intentional murder. Ibn ʿAbbas added: The Verse: 'Then the relatives should demand Blood-money in a reasonable manner.' (2.178) means that the demand should be reasonable and it is to be compensated with handsome gratitude.  

كَانَتْ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قِصَاصٌ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِيهِمُ الدِّيَةُ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لِهَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى} إِلَى هَذِهِ الآيَةِ {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَىْءٌ} قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَالْعَفْوُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ قَالَ {فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} أَنْ يَطْلُبَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَيُؤَدِّيَ بِإِحْسَانٍ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "The most hated persons to Allah are three: (1) A person who deviates from the right conduct, i.e., an evil doer, in the Haram (sanctuaries of Mecca and Medina); (2) a person who seeks that the traditions of the Pre-lslamic Period of Ignorance, should remain in Islam (3) and a person who seeks to shed somebody's blood without any right."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَبْغَضُ النَّاسِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثَلاَثَةٌ مُلْحِدٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ وَمُبْتَغٍ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ سُنَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَمُطَّلِبُ دَمِ امْرِئٍ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ لِيُهَرِيقَ دَمَهُ  

The pagans were defeated on the day (of the battle) of Uhud. Satan shouted among the people on the day of Uhud, "O Allah's worshippers! Beware of what is behind you!" So the front file of the army attacked the back files (mistaking them for the enemy) till they killed Al-Yaman. Hudhaifa (bin Al- Yaman) shouted, "My father!" My father! But they killed him. Hudhaifa said, "May Allah forgive you." (The narrator added: Some of the defeated pagans fled till they reached Taif.)  

صَرَخَ إِبْلِيسُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فِي النَّاسِ يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أُخْرَاكُمْ فَرَجَعَتْ أُولاَهُمْ عَلَى أُخْرَاهُمْ حَتَّى قَتَلُوا الْيَمَانَ فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ أَبِي أَبِي فَقَتَلُوهُ فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قَالَ وَقَدْ كَانَ انْهَزَمَ مِنْهُمْ قَوْمٌ حَتَّى لَحِقُوا بِالطَّائِفِ  

A Jew crushed the head of a girl between two stones. It was said to her. "Who has done this to you, such-and-such person, such-and-such person?" When the name of the Jew was mentioned, she nodded with her head, agreeing. So the Jew was brought and he confessed. The Prophet ﷺ ordered that his head be crushed with the stones. (Hammam said, "with two stones.")  

أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا رَضَّ رَأْسَ جَارِيَةٍ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ فَقِيلَ لَهَا مَنْ فَعَلَ بِكِ هَذَا أَفُلاَنٌ أَفُلاَنٌ حَتَّى سُمِّيَ الْيَهُودِيُّ فَأَوْمَأَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا فَجِيءَ بِالْيَهُودِيِّ فَاعْتَرَفَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَرُضَّ رَأْسُهُ بِالْحِجَارَةِ وَقَدْ قَالَ هَمَّامٌ بِحَجَرَيْنِ  

The Prophet ﷺ killed a Jew for killing a girl in order to take her ornaments.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَتَلَ يَهُودِيًّا بِجَارِيَةٍ قَتَلَهَا عَلَى أَوْضَاحٍ لَهَا  

We poured medicine into the mouth of the Prophet ﷺ during his ailment. He said, "Don't pour medicine into my mouth." (We thought he said that) out of the aversion a patient usually has for medicines. When he improved and felt better he said, "There is none of you but will be forced to drink medicine, except Al-ʿAbbas, for he did not witness your deed."  

لَدَدْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَقَالَ لاَ تَلُدُّونِي فَقُلْنَا كَرَاهِيَةُ الْمَرِيضِ لِلدَّوَاءِ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ لاَ يَبْقَى أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ إِلاَّ لُدَّ غَيْرَ الْعَبَّاسِ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَشْهَدْكُمْ  

That he heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "We (Muslims) are the last (to come) but (will be) the foremost (on the Day of Resurrection)." And added, "If someone is peeping (looking secretly) into your house without your permission, and you throw a stone at him and destroy his eyes, there will be no blame on you."  

سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ نَحْنُ الآخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ لَوِ اطَّلَعَ فِي بَيْتِكَ أَحَدٌ وَلَمْ تَأْذَنْ لَهُ خَذَفْتَهُ بِحَصَاةٍ فَفَقَأْتَ عَيْنَهُ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ جُنَاحٍ  

Humaid said, "A man peeped into the house of the Prophet ﷺ and the Prophet ﷺ aimed an arrow head at him to hit him." I asked, "Who told you that?" He said, "Anas bin Malik" (See Hadith No. 258 and 259, Vol. 8)  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً اطَّلَعَ فِي بَيْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَدَّدَ إِلَيْهِ مِشْقَصًا فَقُلْتُ مَنْ حَدَّثَكَ قَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ  

"When it was the day of (the battle of) Uhud, the pagans were defeated. Then Satan shouted, "O Allah's worshipers! Beware of what is behind you!" So the front files attacked the back files of the army. Hudhaifa looked, and behold, there was his father, Al-Yaman (being attacked) ! He shouted (to his companions), "O Allah's worshipers, my father, my father!" But by Allah, they did not stop till they killed him (i.e., Hudhaifa's father). Hudhaifa said, "May Allah forgive you." (ʿUrwa said, Hudhaifa continued asking Allah's Forgiveness for the killer of his father till he died.  

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ هُزِمَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَصَاحَ إِبْلِيسُ أَىْ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أُخْرَاكُمْ فَرَجَعَتْ أُولاَهُمْ فَاجْتَلَدَتْ هِيَ وَأُخْرَاهُمْ فَنَظَرَ حُذَيْفَةُ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِأَبِيهِ الْيَمَانِ فَقَالَ أَىْ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَبِي أَبِي قَالَتْ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَجَزُوا حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُ قَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ فَمَا زَالَتْ فِي حُذَيْفَةَ مِنْهُ بَقِيَّةٌ حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِاللَّهِ  

We went out with the Prophet ﷺ to Khaibar. A man (from the companions) said, "O 'Amir! Let us hear some of your Huda (camel-driving songs.)" So he sang some of them (i.e. a lyric in harmony with the camels walk). The Prophet ﷺ said, "Who is the driver (of these camels)?" They said, "Amir." The Prophet said, "May Allah bestow His Mercy on him !" The people said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Would that you let us enjoy his company longer!" Then 'Amir was killed the following morning. The people said, "The good deeds of 'Amir are lost as he has killed himself." I returned at the time while they were talking about that. I went to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Allah's Prophet! Let my father be sacrificed for you! The people claim that 'Amir's good deeds are lost." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever says so is a liar, for 'Amir will have a double reward as he exerted himself to obey Allah and fought in Allah's Cause. No other way of killing would have granted him greater reward."  

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَسْمِعْنَا يَا عَامِرُ مِنْ هُنَيْهَاتِكَ فَحَدَا بِهِمْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنِ السَّائِقُ قَالُوا عَامِرٌ فَقَالَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلاَّ أَمْتَعْتَنَا بِهِ فَأُصِيبَ صَبِيحَةَ لَيْلَتِهِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ فَلَمَّا رَجَعْتُ وَهُمْ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ أَنَّ عَامِرًا حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ فَجِئْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ فَدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي زَعَمُوا أَنَّ عَامِرًا حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ فَقَالَ كَذَبَ مَنْ قَالَهَا إِنَّ لَهُ لأَجْرَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ إِنَّهُ لَجَاهِدٌ مُجَاهِدٌ وَأَىُّ قَتْلٍ يَزِيدُهُ عَلَيْهِ  

A man bit another man's hand and the latter pulled his hand out of his mouth by force, causing two of his incisors (teeth) to fall out. They submitted their case to the Prophet, who said, "One of you bit his brother as a male camel bites. (Go away), there is no Diya (Blood-money) for you."  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً عَضَّ يَدَ رَجُلٍ فَنَزَعَ يَدَهُ مِنْ فَمِهِ فَوَقَعَتْ ثَنِيَّتَاهُ فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَعَضُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ كَمَا يَعَضُّ الْفَحْلُ لاَ دِيَةَ لَكَ  

I went out in one of the Ghazwa and a man bit another man and as a result, an incisor tooth of the former was pulled out. The Prophet ﷺ cancelled the case.  

خَرَجْتُ فِي غَزْوَةٍ فَعَضَّ رَجُلٌ فَانْتَزَعَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ فَأَبْطَلَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ  

The daughter of An-Nadr slapped a girl and broke her incisor tooth. They (the relatives of that girl), came to the Prophet ﷺ and he gave the order of Qisas (equality in punishment).  

أَنَّ ابْنَةَ النَّضْرِ لَطَمَتْ جَارِيَةً فَكَسَرَتْ ثَنِيَّتَهَا فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِالْقِصَاصِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "This and this are the same." He meant the little finger and the thumb.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ سَوَاءٌ يَعْنِي الْخِنْصَرَ وَالإِبْهَامَ  

I heard the Prophet (saying the same as above Hadith 34).  

سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ  

A boy was assassinated. 'Umar said, "If all the people of San'a took part in the assassination I would kill them all." Al-Mughira bin Hakim said that his father said, "Four persons killed a boy, and 'Umar said (as above)." Abu Bakr, Ibn Az-Zubair, 'Ali and Suwaid bin Muqarrin gave the judgement of Al-Qisas (equality in punishment) in cases of slapping. And 'Umar carried out Al-Qisas for a strike with a stick. And 'Ali carried out Al-Qisas for three lashes with a whip. And Shuraih carried out for one last and for scratching.  

عُمَرُ لَوِ اشْتَرَكَ فِيهَا أَهْلُ صَنْعَاءَ لَقَتَلْتُهُمْ وَقَالَ مُغِيرَةُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ إِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً قَتَلُوا صَبِيًّا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مِثْلَهُ وَأَقَادَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَعَلِيٌّ وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ مُقَرِّنٍ مِنْ لَطْمَةٍ وَأَقَادَ عُمَرُ مِنْ ضَرْبَةٍ بِالدِّرَّةِ وَأَقَادَ عَلِيٌّ مِنْ ثَلاَثَةِ أَسْوَاطٍ وَاقْتَصَّ شُرَيْحٌ مِنْ سَوْطٍ وَخُمُوشٍ  

We poured medicine into the mouth of Messenger of Allah ﷺ during his illness, and he pointed out to us intending to say, "Don't pour medicine into my mouth." We thought that his refusal was out of the aversion a patient usually has for medicine. When he improved and felt a bit better he said (to us.) "Didn't I forbid you to pour medicine into my mouth?" We said, "We thought (you did so) because of the aversion, one usually have for medicine." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is none of you but will be forced to drink medicine, and I will watch you, except Al-ʿAbbas, for he did not witness this act of yours."  

عَائِشَةُ لَدَدْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَجَعَلَ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْنَا لاَ تَلُدُّونِي قَالَ فَقُلْنَا كَرَاهِيَةُ الْمَرِيضِ بِالدَّوَاءِ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَنْهَكُمْ أَنْ تَلُدُّونِي قَالَ قُلْنَا كَرَاهِيَةٌ لِلدَّوَاءِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَبْقَى مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ لُدَّ وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلاَّ الْعَبَّاسَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَشْهَدْكُمْ  

(a man from the Ansar) that a number of people from his tribe went to Khaibar and dispersed, and then they found one of them murdered. They said to the people with whom the corpse had been found, "You have killed our companion!" Those people said, "Neither have we killed him, nor do we know his killer." The bereaved group went to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! We went to Khaibar and found one of us murdered." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Let the older among you come forward and speak." Then the Prophet ﷺ said, to them, "Bring your proof against the killer." They said "We have no proof." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Then they (the defendants) will take an oath." They said, "We do not accept the oaths of the Jews." Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not like that the Blood-money of the killed one be lost without compensation, so he paid one-hundred camels out of the camels of Zakat (to the relatives of the deceased) as Diya (Blood-money).  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ انْطَلَقُوا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهَا وَوَجَدُوا أَحَدَهُمْ قَتِيلاً وَقَالُوا لِلَّذِي وُجِدَ فِيهِمْ قَتَلْتُمْ صَاحِبَنَا قَالُوا مَا قَتَلْنَا وَلاَ عَلِمْنَا قَاتِلاً فَانْطَلَقُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ انْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَوَجَدْنَا أَحَدَنَا قَتِيلاً فَقَالَ الْكُبْرَ الْكُبْرَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ تَأْتُونَ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ عَلَى مَنْ قَتَلَهُ قَالُوا مَا لَنَا بَيِّنَةٌ قَالَ فَيَحْلِفُونَ قَالُوا لاَ نَرْضَى بِأَيْمَانِ الْيَهُودِ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُبْطِلَ دَمَهُ فَوَدَاهُ مِائَةً مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ  

Once ʿUmar bin ʿAbdul ʿAziz sat on his throne in the courtyard of his house so that the people might gather before him. Then he admitted them and (when they came in), he said, "What do you think of Al-Qasama?" They said, "We say that it is lawful to depend on Al-Qasama in Qisas, as the previous Muslim Caliphs carried out Qisas depending on it." Then he said to me, "O Abu Qilaba! What do you say about it?" He let me appear before the people and I said, "O Chief of the Believers! You have the chiefs of the army staff and the nobles of the Arabs. If fifty of them testified that a married man had committed illegal sexual intercourse in Damascus but they had not seen him (doing so), would you stone him?" He said, "No." I said, "If fifty of them testified that a man had committed theft in Hums, would you cut off his hand though they did not see him?" He replied, "No." I said, "By Allah, Messenger of Allah ﷺ never killed anyone except in one of the following three situations: (1) A person who killed somebody unjustly, was killed (in Qisas,) (2) a married person who committed illegal sexual intercourse and (3) a man who fought against Allah and His Apostle and deserted Islam and became an apostate." Then the people said, "Didn't Anas bin Malik narrate that Messenger of Allah ﷺ cut off the hands of the thieves, branded their eyes and then, threw them in the sun?" I said, "I shall tell you the narration of Anas. Anas said: "Eight persons from the tribe of ʿUkl came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and gave the Pledge of allegiance for Islam (became Muslim). The climate of the place (Medina) did not suit them, so they became sick and complained about that to Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said (to them ), "Won't you go out with the shepherd of our camels and drink of the camels' milk and urine (as medicine)?" They said, "Yes." So they went out and drank the camels' milk and urine, and after they became healthy, they killed the shepherd of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and took away all the camels. This news reached Messenger of Allah ﷺ , so he sent (men) to follow their traces and they were captured and brought (to the Prophet). He then ordered to cut their hands and feet, and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron, and then he threw them in the sun till they died." I said, "What can be worse than what those people did? They deserted Islam, committed murder and theft." Then 'Anbasa bin Saʿid said, "By Allah, I never heard a narration like this of today." I said, "O 'Anbasa! You deny my narration?" 'Anbasa said, "No, but you have related the narration in the way it should be related. By Allah, these people are in welfare as long as this Sheikh (Abu Qilaba) is among them." I added, "Indeed in this event there has been a tradition set by Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The narrator added: Some Ansari people came to the Prophet ﷺ and discussed some matters with him, a man from amongst them went out and was murdered. Those people went out after him, and behold, their companion was swimming in blood. They returned to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said to him, "O Allah's Apostle, we have found our companion who had talked with us and gone out before us, swimming in blood (killed)." Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out and asked them, "Whom do you suspect or whom do you think has killed him?" They said, "We think that the Jews have killed him." The Prophet ﷺ sent for the Jews and asked them, "Did you kill this (person)?" They replied, "No." He asked the Al-Ansars, "Do you agree that I let fifty Jews take an oath that they have not killed him?" They said, "It matters little for the Jews to kill us all and then take false oaths." He said, "Then would you like to receive the Diya after fifty of you have taken an oath (that the Jews have killed your man)?" They said, "We will not take the oath." Then the Prophet ﷺ himself paid them the Diya (Blood-money)." The narrator added, "The tribe of Hudhail repudiated one of their men (for his evil conduct) in the Pre-lslamic period of Ignorance. Then, at a place called Al-Batha' (near Mecca), the man attacked a Yemenite family at night to steal from them, but a. man from the family noticed him and struck him with his sword and killed him. The tribe of Hudhail came and captured the Yemenite and brought him to ʿUmar during the Hajj season and said, "He has killed our companion." The Yemenite said, "But these people had repudiated him (i.e., their companion)." ʿUmar said, "Let fifty persons of Hudhail swear that they had not repudiated him." So forty-nine of them took the oath and then a person belonging to them, came from Sham and they requested him to swear similarly, but he paid one-thousand Dirhams instead of taking the oath. They called another man instead of him and the new man shook hands with the brother of the deceased. Some people said, "We and those fifty men who had taken false oaths (Al-Qasama) set out, and when they reached a place called Nakhlah, it started raining so they entered a cave in the mountain, and the cave collapsed on those fifty men who took the false oath, and all of them died except the two persons who had shaken hands with each other. They escaped death but a stone fell on the leg of the brother of the deceased and broke it, whereupon he survived for one year and then died." I further said, "ʿAbdul Malik bin Marwan sentenced a man to death in Qisas (equality in punishment) for murder, basing his judgment on Al-Qasama, but later on he regretted that judgment and ordered that the names of the fifty persons who had taken the oath (Al-Qasama), be erased from the register, and he exiled them in Sham."  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَبْرَزَ سَرِيرَهُ يَوْمًا لِلنَّاسِ ثُمَّ أَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ قَالَ نَقُولُ الْقَسَامَةُ الْقَوَدُ بِهَا حَقٌّ وَقَدْ أَقَادَتْ بِهَا الْخُلَفَاءُ قَالَ لِي مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا قِلاَبَةَ وَنَصَبَنِي لِلنَّاسِ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِنْدَكَ رُءُوسُ الأَجْنَادِ وَأَشْرَافُ الْعَرَبِ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ مُحْصَنٍ بِدِمَشْقَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ زَنَى لَمْ يَرَوْهُ أَكُنْتَ تَرْجُمُهُ قَالَ لاَ قُلْتُ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِحِمْصَ أَنَّهُ سَرَقَ أَكُنْتَ تَقْطَعُهُ وَلَمْ يَرَوْهُ قَالَ لاَ قُلْتُ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَطُّ إِلاَّ فِي إِحْدَى ثَلاَثِ خِصَالٍ رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ بِجَرِيرَةِ نَفْسِهِ فَقُتِلَ أَوْ رَجُلٌ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ أَوْ رَجُلٌ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَارْتَدَّ عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ حَدَّثَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَطَعَ فِي السَّرَقِ وَسَمَرَ الأَعْيُنَ ثُمَّ نَبَذَهُمْ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ حَدِيثَ أَنَسٍ

حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسٌ أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ عُكْلٍ ثَمَانِيَةً قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى الإِسْلاَمِ فَاسْتَوْخَمُوا الأَرْضَ فَسَقِمَتْ أَجْسَامُهُمْ فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَفَلاَ تَخْرُجُونَ مَعَ رَاعِينَا فِي إِبِلِهِ فَتُصِيبُونَ مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا قَالُوا بَلَى فَخَرَجُوا فَشَرِبُوا مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا فَصَحُّوا فَقَتَلُوا رَاعِيَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَطْرَدُوا النَّعَمَ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ فَأُدْرِكُوا فَجِيءَ بِهِمْ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَقُطِّعَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ وَسَمَرَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ ثُمَّ نَبَذَهُمْ فِي الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى مَاتُوا قُلْتُ وَأَىُّ شَىْءٍ أَشَدُّ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هَؤُلاَءِ ارْتَدُّوا عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ وَقَتَلُوا وَسَرَقُوا فَقَالَ عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَاللَّهِ إِنْ سَمِعْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ فَقُلْتُ أَتَرُدُّ عَلَىَّ حَدِيثِي يَا عَنْبَسَةُ قَالَ لاَ وَلَكِنْ جِئْتَ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ وَاللَّهِ لاَ يَزَالُ هَذَا الْجُنْدُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَاشَ هَذَا الشَّيْخُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ قُلْتُ وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي هَذَا سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَتَحَدَّثُوا عِنْدَهُ فَخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَقُتِلَ فَخَرَجُوا بَعْدَهُ فَإِذَا هُمْ بِصَاحِبِهِمْ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي الدَّمِ فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَاحِبُنَا كَانَ تَحَدَّثَ مَعَنَا فَخَرَجَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِهِ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي الدَّمِ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ بِمَنْ تَظُنُّونَ أَوْ تَرَوْنَ قَتَلَهُ قَالُوا نَرَى أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْيَهُودِ فَدَعَاهُمْ فَقَالَ آنْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا قَالُوا لاَ قَالَ أَتَرْضَوْنَ نَفَلَ خَمْسِينَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ مَا قَتَلُوهُ فَقَالُوا مَا يُبَالُونَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونَا أَجْمَعِينَ ثُمَّ يَنْتَفِلُونَ قَالَ أَفَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ الدِّيَةَ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ قَالُوا مَا كُنَّا لِنَحْلِفَ فَوَدَاهُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قُلْتُ وَقَدْ كَانَتْ هُذَيْلٌ خَلَعُوا خَلِيعًا لَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَطَرَقَ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ فَانْتَبَهَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَحَذَفَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَجَاءَتْ هُذَيْلٌ فَأَخَذُوا الْيَمَانِيَ فَرَفَعُوهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بِالْمَوْسِمِ وَقَالُوا قَتَلَ صَاحِبَنَا فَقَالَ إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ خَلَعُوهُ فَقَالَ يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ مَا خَلَعُوهُ قَالَ فَأَقْسَمَ مِنْهُمْ تِسْعَةٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلاً وَقَدِمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الشَّأْمِ فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يُقْسِمَ فَافْتَدَى يَمِينَهُ مِنْهُمْ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَدْخَلُوا مَكَانَهُ رَجُلاً آخَرَ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَخِي الْمَقْتُولِ فَقُرِنَتْ يَدُهُ بِيَدِهِ قَالُوا فَانْطَلَقَا وَالْخَمْسُونَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِنَخْلَةَ أَخَذَتْهُمُ السَّمَاءُ فَدَخَلُوا فِي غَارٍ فِي الْجَبَلِ فَانْهَجَمَ الْغَارُ عَلَى الْخَمْسِينَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا فَمَاتُوا جَمِيعًا وَأَفْلَتَ الْقَرِينَانِ وَاتَّبَعَهُمَا حَجَرٌ فَكَسَرَ رِجْلَ أَخِي الْمَقْتُولِ فَعَاشَ حَوْلاً ثُمَّ مَاتَ قُلْتُ وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ أَقَادَ رَجُلاً بِالْقَسَامَةِ ثُمَّ نَدِمَ بَعْدَ مَا صَنَعَ فَأَمَرَ بِالْخَمْسِينَ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا فَمُحُوا مِنَ الدِّيوَانِ وَسَيَّرَهُمْ إِلَى الشَّأْمِ  

A man peeped into one of the dwelling places of the Prophet. The Prophet got up and aimed a sharp-edged arrow head (or wooden stick) at him to poke him stealthily.  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً اطَّلَعَ فِي بَعْضِ حُجَرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ بِمِشْقَصٍ أَوْ بِمَشَاقِصَ وَجَعَلَ يَخْتِلُهُ لِيَطْعُنَهُ  

A man peeped through a hole in the door of Messenger of Allah ﷺ's house, and at that time, Messenger of Allah ﷺ had a Midri (an iron comb or bar) with which he was rubbing his head. So when Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him, he said (to him), "If I had been sure that you were looking at me (through the door), I would have poked your eye with this (sharp iron bar)." Messenger of Allah ﷺ added, "The asking for permission to enter has been enjoined so that one may not look unlawfully (at what there is in the house without the permission of its people)."  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَجُلاً اطَّلَعَ فِي جُحْرٍ فِي باب رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِدْرًى يَحُكُّ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنْ تَنْتَظِرَنِي لَطَعَنْتُ بِهِ فِي عَيْنَيْكَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الإِذْنُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْبَصَرِ  

Abul Qasim said, "If any person peeps at you without your permission and you poke him with a stick and injure his eye, you will not be blamed."  

أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ لَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأً اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ فَخَذَفْتَهُ بِعَصَاةٍ فَفَقَأْتَ عَيْنَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ جُنَاحٌ  

I heard Abu Juhaifa saying, "I asked ʿAli 'Have you got any Divine literature apart from the Qur'an?' (Once he said...apart from what the people have?) ʿAli replied, 'By Him Who made the grain split (germinate) and created the soul, we have nothing except what is in the Qur'an and the ability (gift) of understanding Allah's Book which He may endow a man with and we have what is written in this paper.' I asked, 'What is written in this paper?' He replied, 'Al-ʿAql (the regulation of Diya), about the ransom of captives, and the Judgment that a Muslim should not be killed in Qisas (equality in punishment) for killing a disbeliever." (See Hadith No. 283,Vol. 4)  

سَأَلْتُ عَلِيًّا ؓ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مَا لَيْسَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّ وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ مَا عِنْدَنَا إِلاَّ مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ إِلاَّ فَهْمًا يُعْطَى رَجُلٌ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ قُلْتُ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ قَالَ الْعَقْلُ وَفِكَاكُ الأَسِيرِ وَأَنْ لاَ يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ  

Two women from the tribe of Hudhail (fought with each other) and one of them threw (a stone at) the other, causing her to have a miscarriage and Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave his verdict that the killer (of the fetus) should give a male or female slave (as a Diya).  

أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ رَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الأُخْرَى فَطَرَحَتْ جَنِينَهَا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهَا بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ  

'Umar consulted the companions about the case of a woman's abortion (caused by somebody else). Al-Mughira said: The Prophet ﷺ gave the verdict that a male or female slave should be given (as a Diya). Then Muhammad bin Maslama testified that he had witnessed the Prophet ﷺ giving such a verdict.  

الْمُغِيرَةُ قَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْغُرَّةِ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ فَقَالَ ائْتِ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ مَعَكَ فَشَهِدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِهِ  

'Umar asked the people, "Who heard the Prophet ﷺ giving his verdict regarding abortions?" Al-Mughira said, "I heard him judging that a male or female slave should be given (as a Diya)." 'Umar said, "Present a witness to testify your statement." Muhammad bin Maslama said, "I testify that the Prophet ﷺ gave such a judgment."  

سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى فِي السِّقْطِ وَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ أَنَا سَمِعْتُهُ قَضَى فِيهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ قَالَ ائْتِ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ مَعَكَ عَلَى هَذَا فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ أَنَا أَشْهَدُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا  

I heard Al-Maghira bin Shuʿba narrating that ʿUmar had consulted them about the case of abortion (similarly as narrated in No. 42).  

أَنَّهُ اسْتَشَارَهُمْ فِي إِمْلاَصِ الْمَرْأَةِ مِثْلَهُ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave a verdict regarding an aborted fetus of a woman from Bani Lihyan that the killer (of the fetus) should give a male or female slave (as a Diya) but the woman who was required to give the slave, died, so Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the verdict that her inheritance be given to her children and her husband and the Diya be paid by her 'Asaba.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي جَنِينِ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي قَضَى عَلَيْهَا بِالْغُرَّةِ تُوُفِّيَتْ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا لِبَنِيهَا وَزَوْجِهَا وَأَنَّ الْعَقْلَ عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا  

Two women from Hudhail fought with each other and one of them hit the other with a stone that killed her and what was in her womb. The relatives of the killer and the relatives of the victim submitted their case to the Prophet ﷺ who judged that the Diya for the fetus was a male or female slave, and the Diya for the killed woman was to be paid by the 'Asaba (near relatives) of the killer.  

اقْتَتَلَتِ امْرَأَتَانِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فَرَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الأُخْرَى بِحَجَرٍ قَتَلَتْهَا وَمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَضَى أَنَّ دِيَةَ جَنِينِهَا غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٌ وَقَضَى دِيَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهَا  

Anas said, "When Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived at Medina, Abu Talha took hold of my hand and brought me to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Anas is an intelligent boy, so let him serve you." Anas added, "So I served the Prophet ﷺ L at home and on journeys; by Allah, he never said to me for anything which I did: Why have you done this like this or, for anything which I did not do: 'Why have you not done this like this?"  

لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ أَخَذَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ بِيَدِي فَانْطَلَقَ بِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَنَسًا غُلاَمٌ كَيِّسٌ فَلْيَخْدُمْكَ قَالَ فَخَدَمْتُهُ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَالسَّفَرِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا قَالَ لِي لِشَىْءٍ صَنَعْتُهُ لِمَ صَنَعْتَ هَذَا هَكَذَا وَلاَ لِشَىْءٍ لَمْ أَصْنَعْهُ لِمَ لَمْ تَصْنَعْ هَذَا هَكَذَا  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no Diya for persons killed by animals or for the one who has been killed accidentally by falling into a well or for the one killed in a mine. And one-fifth of Rikaz (treasures buried before the Islamic era) is to be given to the state."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ