55.9 The explanantion of the Statement of Allah Taa'la: "... After payment of legacies that they may have bequeathed or debts..."
٥٥۔٩ بَابُ تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ}
[Machine] It is mentioned that the Prophet ﷺ ordered the settlement of debts before making a will. He said, "Verily, Allah commands you to render trusts to their rightful owners." Fulfilling a trust is more important than voluntary bequeathing. The Prophet ﷺ also said, "There is no charity except from surplus wealth." Ibn Abbas said, "A servant (slave) should not will anything except with the permission of his owners." The Prophet ﷺ also said, "A servant (slave) is a guardian over the property of his master."
وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ. وَقَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا}، فَأَدَاءُ الأَمَانَةِ أَحَقُّ مِنْ تَطَوُّعِ الْوَصِيَّةِ. وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لاَ صَدَقَةَ إِلاَّ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى». وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لاَ يُوصِي الْعَبْدُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِ. وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «الْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ».