55. Wills and Testaments

٥٥۔ كتاب الوصايا

55.1 Al-Wasaya

٥٥۔١ باب الْوَصَايَا

[Machine] And the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him: "The man's will is written with him." And the saying of Allah Most High: "It is written upon you when death approaches one of you, if he leaves behind good, a will for parents and close relatives, according to what is known as an obligation upon the righteous. So whoever alters it after hearing it, the sin is only upon those who alter it. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing. But whoever fears from a testator (some) error or sin and makes reconciliation between the parties involved, there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." Slightly inclined, leaning, yielding.

وَقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَصِيَّةُ الرَّجُلِ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ». وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلاَ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ}. جَنَفًا مَيْلاً، مُتَجَانِفٌ مَائِلٌ.

bukhari:2738ʿAbdullāh b. Yūsuf > Mālik > Nāfiʿ > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "It is not permissible for any Muslim who has something to will to stay for two nights without having his last will and testament written and kept ready with him."  

البخاري:٢٧٣٨حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَىْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلاَّ وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ  

تَابَعَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ
bukhari:2739Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥārith > Yaḥyá b. Abū Bukayr

(The brother of the wife of Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Juwaira bint Al-Harith) When Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, he did not leave any Dirham or Dinar (i.e. money), a slave or a slave woman or anything else except his white mule, his arms and a piece of land which he had given in charity .  

البخاري:٢٧٣٩حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْجُعْفِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ

عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ خَتَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخِي جُوَيْرِيَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ دِرْهَمًا وَلاَ دِينَارًا وَلاَ عَبْدًا وَلاَ أَمَةً وَلاَ شَيْئًا إِلاَّ بَغْلَتَهُ الْبَيْضَاءَ وَسِلاَحَهُ وَأَرْضًا جَعَلَهَا صَدَقَةً  

bukhari:2740Khalāad b. Yaḥyá > Mālik > Ṭalḥah b. Muṣarrif > Saʾalt

I asked ʿAbdullah bin Abu ʿAufa "Did the Prophet ﷺ make a will?" He replied, "No," I asked him, "How is it then that the making of a will has been enjoined on people, (or that they are ordered to make a will)?" He replied, "The Prophet ﷺ bequeathed Allah's Book (i.e. Qur'an).  

البخاري:٢٧٤٠حَدَّثَنَا خَلاَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ حَدَّثَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ

سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى ؓ هَلْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَوْصَى فَقَالَ لاَ فَقُلْتُ كَيْفَ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الْوَصِيَّةُ أَوْ أُمِرُوا بِالْوَصِيَّةِ قَالَ أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ  

bukhari:2741ʿAmr b. Zurārah > Ismāʿīl > Ibn ʿAwn > Ibrāhīm > al-Aswad > Dhakarūā ʿInd ʿĀʾishah > ʿAlī

In the presence of ʿAisha some people mentioned that the Prophet ﷺ had appointed ʿAli by will as his successor. ʿAisha said, "When did he appoint him by will? Verily when he died he was resting against my chest (or said: in my lap) and he asked for a wash-basin and then collapsed while in that state, and I could not even perceive that he had died, so when did he appoint him by will?"  

البخاري:٢٧٤١حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ قَالَ ذَكَرُوا عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ كَانَ وَصِيًّا فَقَالَتْ مَتَى أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ مُسْنِدَتَهُ إِلَى صَدْرِي أَوْ قَالَتْ حَجْرِي فَدَعَا بِالطَّسْتِ فَلَقَدِ انْخَنَثَ فِي حَجْرِي فَمَا شَعَرْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ فَمَتَى أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ