43. Loans, Payment of Loans, Freezing of Property, Bankruptcy
٤٣۔ كتاب فى الاستقراض
While I was in the company of the Prophet ﷺ in one of his Ghazawat, he asked, "What is wrong with your camel? Will you sell it?" I replied in the affirmative and sold it to him. When he reached Medina, I took the camel to him in the morning and he paid me its price.
غَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ كَيْفَ تَرَى بَعِيرَكَ أَتَبِيعُنِيهِ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَبِعْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ غَدَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِالْبَعِيرِ فَأَعْطَانِي ثَمَنَهُ
When we were with Ibrahim, we talked about mortgaging in deals of Salam. Ibrahim narrated from Aswad that ʿAisha had said, "The Prophet ﷺ bought some foodstuff on credit from a Jew and mortgaged an iron armor to him."
تَذَاكَرْنَا عِنْدَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الرَّهْنَ فِي السَّلَمِ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الأَسْوَدُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اشْتَرَى طَعَامًا مِنْ يَهُودِيٍّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَرَهَنَهُ دِرْعًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ
43.2 Borrowing money from people
٤٣۔٢ باب مَنْ أَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ يُرِيدُ أَدَاءَهَا أَوْ إِتْلاَفَهَا
The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever takes the money of the people with the intention of repaying it, Allah will repay it on his behalf, and whoever takes it in order to spoil it, then Allah will spoil him."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ يُرِيدُ أَدَاءَهَا أَدَّى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَمَنْ أَخَذَ يُرِيدُ إِتْلاَفَهَا أَتْلَفَهُ اللَّهُ
43.3 Repayment of debts
٤٣۔٣ باب أَدَاءِ الدُّيُونِ
[Machine] "And the saying of Allah, the Most High: indeed, Allah commands you to render trust to their rightful owners, and when you judge between people, to judge with justice. Verily, Allah advises you with that which is best. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Seeing."
وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا
Once, while I was in the company of the Prophet, he saw the mountain of Uhud and said, "I would not like to have this mountain turned into gold for me unless nothing of it, not even a single Dinar remains of it with me for more than three days (i.e. I will spend all of it in Allah's Cause), except that Dinar which I will keep for repaying debts." Then he said, "Those who are rich in this world would have little reward in the Hereafter except those who spend their money here and there (in Allah's Cause), and they are few in number." Then he ordered me to stay at my place and went not far away. I heard a voice and intended to go to him but I remembered his order, "Stay at your place till I return." On his return I said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! (What was) that noise which I heard?" He said, "Did you hear anything?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Gabriel came and said to me, 'Whoever amongst your followers dies, worshipping none along with Allah, will enter Paradise.' " I said, "Even if he did such-and-such things (i.e. even if he stole or committed illegal sexual intercourse)" He said, "Yes."
كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا أَبْصَرَ يَعْنِي أُحُدًا قَالَ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّهُ يُحَوَّلُ لِي ذَهَبًا يَمْكُثُ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ دِينَارٌ فَوْقَ ثَلاَثٍ إِلاَّ دِينَارًا أُرْصِدُهُ لِدَيْنٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الأَكْثَرِينَ هُمُ الأَقَلُّونَ إِلاَّ مَنْ قَالَ بِالْمَالِ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَأَشَارَ أَبُو شِهَابٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ وَقَلِيلٌ مَا هُمْ وَقَالَ مَكَانَكَ وَتَقَدَّمَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ فَسَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ آتِيَهُ ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَهُ مَكَانَكَ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ أَوْ قَالَ الصَّوْتُ الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ قَالَ وَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ مَنْ مَاتَ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ لاَ يُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ قُلْتُ وَإِنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ نَعَمْ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If I had gold equal to the mountain of Uhud, it would not please me that it should remain with me for more than three days, except an amount which I would keep for repaying debts."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَوْ كَانَ لِي مِثْلُ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنْ لاَ يَمُرَّ عَلَىَّ ثَلاَثٌ وَعِنْدِي مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ إِلاَّ شَىْءٌ أُرْصِدُهُ لِدَيْنٍ رَوَاهُ صَالِحٌ وَعُقَيْلٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ
43.4 To buy camels on credit
٤٣۔٤ باب اسْتِقْرَاضِ الإِبِلِ
A man demanded his debts from Messenger of Allah ﷺ in such a rude manner that the companions of the Prophet intended to harm him, but the Prophet ﷺ said, "Leave him, no doubt, for he (the creditor) has the right to demand it (harshly). Buy a camel and give it to him." They said, "The camel that is available is older than the camel he demands. "The Prophet ﷺ said, "Buy it and give it to him, for the best among you are those who repay their debts handsomely. "
أَنَّ رَجُلاً تَقَاضَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ فَهَمَّ أَصْحَابُهُ فَقَالَ دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالاً وَاشْتَرُوا لَهُ بَعِيرًا فَأَعْطُوهُ إِيَّاهُ وَقَالُوا لاَ نَجِدُ إِلاَّ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ قَالَ اشْتَرُوهُ فَأَعْطُوهُ إِيَّاهُ فَإِنَّ خَيْرَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً
43.5 Demanding debts handsomely
٤٣۔٥ باب حُسْنِ التَّقَاضِي
I heard the Prophet ﷺ saying, "Once a man died and was asked, 'What did you use to say (or do) (in your life time)?' He replied, 'I was a businessman and used to give time to the rich to repay his debt and (used to) deduct part of the debt of the poor.' So he was forgiven (his sins.)" Abu Masʿud said, "I heard the same (Hadith) from the Prophet."
سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَاتَ رَجُلٌ فَقِيلَ لَهُ قَالَ كُنْتُ أُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ فَأَتَجَوَّزُ عَنِ الْمُوسِرِ وَأُخَفِّفُ عَنِ الْمُعْسِرِ فَغُفِرَ لَهُ قَالَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ
43.6 Can one give an older (camel) than that he owes?
٤٣۔٦ باب هَلْ يُعْطَى أَكْبَرَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ
A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and demanded a camel (the Prophet ﷺ owed him). Messenger of Allah ﷺ told his companions to give him (a camel). They said, "We do not find except an older camel (than what he demands). (The Prophet ﷺ ordered them to give him that camel). The man said, "You have paid me in full and may Allah also pay you in full." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Give him, for the best amongst the people is he who repays his debts in the most handsome manner."
أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَتَقَاضَاهُ بَعِيرًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطُوهُ فَقَالُوا مَا نَجِدُ إِلاَّ سِنًّا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَوْفَيْتَنِي أَوْفَاكَ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطُوهُ فَإِنَّ مِنْ خِيَارِ النَّاسِ أَحْسَنَهُمْ قَضَاءً
43.7 Repaying debts handsomely
٤٣۔٧ باب حُسْنِ الْقَضَاءِ
The Prophet ﷺ owed a camel of a certain age to a man who came to demand it back. The Prophet ﷺ ordered his companions to give him. They looked for a camel of the same age but found nothing but a camel one year older. The Prophet ﷺ told them to give it to him. The man said, "You have paid me in full, and may Allah pay you in full." The Prophet ﷺ said, "The best amongst you is he who pays his debts in the most handsome manner."
كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سِنٌّ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَجَاءَهُ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ ﷺ أَعْطُوهُ فَطَلَبُوا سِنَّهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُ إِلاَّ سِنًّا فَوْقَهَا فَقَالَ أَعْطُوهُ فَقَالَ أَوْفَيْتَنِي وَفَّى اللَّهُ بِكَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ خِيَارَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً
I went to the Prophet ﷺ while he was in the Mosque. (Masʿar thinks, that Jabir went in the forenoon.) After the Prophet ﷺ told me to pray two rakʿat, he repaid me the debt he owed me and gave me an extra amount.
أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهْوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ مِسْعَرٌ أُرَاهُ قَالَ ضُحًى فَقَالَ صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَكَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَقَضَانِي وَزَادَنِي
43.8 If somebody repays less than what he owes
٤٣۔٨ باب إِذَا قَضَى دُونَ حَقِّهِ أَوْ حَلَّلَهُ فَهْوَ جَائِزٌ
My father was martyred on the day (of the battle) of Uhud, and he was in debt. His creditors demanded their rights persistently. I went to the Prophet (and informed him about it). He told them to take the fruits of my garden and exempt my father from the debts but they refused to do so. So, the Prophet did not give them my garden and told me that he would come to me the next morning. He came to us early in the morning and wandered among the date-palms and invoked Allah to bless their fruits. I then plucked the dates and paid the creditors, and there remained some of the dates for us.
أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ شَهِيدًا وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَاشْتَدَّ الْغُرَمَاءُ فِي حُقُوقِهِمْ فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا تَمْرَ حَائِطِي وَيُحَلِّلُوا أَبِي فَأَبَوْا فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِمِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَائِطِي وَقَالَ سَنَغْدُو عَلَيْكَ فَغَدَا عَلَيْنَا حِينَ أَصْبَحَ فَطَافَ فِي النَّخْلِ وَدَعَا فِي ثَمَرِهَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ فَجَدَدْتُهَا فَقَضَيْتُهُمْ وَبَقِيَ لَنَا مِنْ تَمْرِهَا
43.9 To settle one's accounts by repaying
٤٣۔٩ باب إِذَا قَاصَّ أَوْ جَازَفَهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ تَمْرًا بِتَمْرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ
When my father died he owed a Jew thirty Awsuq (of dates). I requested him to give me respite for repaying but he refused. I requested Messenger of Allah ﷺ to intercede with the Jew. Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to the Jew and asked him to accept the fruits of my trees in place of the debt but the Jew refused. Allah's Apostle entered the garden of the date-palms, wandering among the trees and ordered me (saying), "Pluck (the fruits) and give him his due." So, I plucked the fruits for him after the departure of Allah's Apostle and gave his thirty Awsuq, and still had seventeen Awsuq extra for myself. Jabir said: I went to Messenger of Allah ﷺ to inform of what had happened, but found him praying the ʿAsr prayer. After the prayer I told him about the extra fruits which remained. Messenger of Allah ﷺ told me to inform (ʿUmar) Ibn Al-Khattab about it. When I went to ʿUmar and told him about it, ʿUmar said, "When Messenger of Allah ﷺ walked in your garden, I was sure that Allah would definitely bless it."
أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلاَثِينَ وَسْقًا لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَاسْتَنْظَرَهُ جَابِرٌ فَأَبَى أَنْ يُنْظِرَهُ فَكَلَّمَ جَابِرٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَشْفَعَ لَهُ إِلَيْهِ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَلَّمَ الْيَهُودِيَّ لِيَأْخُذَ ثَمَرَ نَخْلِهِ بِالَّذِي لَهُ فَأَبَى فَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّخْلَ فَمَشَى فِيهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِجَابِرٍ جُدَّ لَهُ فَأَوْفِ لَهُ الَّذِي لَهُ فَجَدَّهُ بَعْدَ مَا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَوْفَاهُ ثَلاَثِينَ وَسْقًا وَفَضَلَتْ لَهُ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ وَسْقًا فَجَاءَ جَابِرٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُخْبِرَهُ بِالَّذِي كَانَ فَوَجَدَهُ يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ أَخْبَرَهُ بِالْفَضْلِ فَقَالَ أَخْبِرْ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَهَبَ جَابِرٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ حِينَ مَشَى فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيُبَارَكَنَّ فِيهَا
43.10 To seek refuge with Allah from being in debt
٤٣۔١٠ باب مَنِ اسْتَعَاذَ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to invoke Allah in the prayer saying, "O Allah, I seek refuge with you from all sins, and from being in debt." Someone said, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! (I see you) very often you seek refuge with Allah from being in debt. He replied, "If a person is in debt, he tells lies when he speaks, and breaks his promises when he promises."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْعُو فِي الصَّلاَةِ وَيَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ وَالْمَغْرَمِ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ مَا أَكْثَرَ مَا تَسْتَعِيذُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمَغْرَمِ قَالَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا غَرِمَ حَدَّثَ فَكَذَبَ وَوَعَدَ فَأَخْلَفَ
43.11 The funeral Salat (prayer) for a dead person in debt
٤٣۔١١ باب الصَّلاَةِ عَلَى مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا
The Prophet ﷺ said, "If someone leaves some property, it will be for the inheritors, and if he leaves some weak offspring, it will be for us to support them."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالاً فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ كَلاًّ فَإِلَيْنَا
The Prophet ﷺ said, "I am closer to the believers than their selves in this world and in the Hereafter, and if you like, you can read Allah's Statement: "The Prophet ﷺ is closer to the believers than their own selves." (33.6) So, if a true believer dies and leaves behind some property, it will be for his inheritors (from the father's side), and if he leaves behind some debt to be paid or needy offspring, then they should come to me as I am the guardian of the deceased."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ إِلاَّ وَأَنَا أَوْلَى بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ اقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ {النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ} فَأَيُّمَا مُؤْمِنٍ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالاً فَلْيَرِثْهُ عَصَبَتُهُ مَنْ كَانُوا وَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيَاعًا فَلْيَأْتِنِي فَأَنَا مَوْلاَهُ
43.12 Procrastination (delay) in repaying debts by a wealthy person is injustice
٤٣۔١٢ باب مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Procrastination (delay) in repaying debts by a wealthy person is injustice."
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ
43.13 The owner of the right has the permission to demand his right
٤٣۔١٣ باب لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالٌ
[Machine] And it is mentioned from the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ : "The debtor's forgiveness releases his dignity and punishment. Sufyan said: His dignity means that he has released me from my obligation. And his punishment is imprisonment."
وَيُذْكَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لَيُّ الْوَاجِدِ يُحِلُّ عُقُوبَتَهُ وَعِرْضَهُ». قَالَ سُفْيَانُ عِرْضُهُ يَقُولُ مَطَلْتَنِي. وَعُقُوبَتُهُ الْحَبْسُ.
A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and demanded his debts and used harsh words. The companions of the Prophet wanted to harm him, but the Prophet ﷺ said, "Leave him, as the creditor (owner of the right) has the right to speak."
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَجُلٌ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ فَهَمَّ بِهِ أَصْحَابُهُ فَقَالَ دَعُوهُ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالاً
43.14 If somebody lends something and the possessor gets bankrupt
٤٣۔١٤ باب إِذَا وَجَدَ مَالَهُ عِنْدَ مُفْلِسٍ فِي الْبَيْعِ وَالْقَرْضِ وَالْوَدِيعَةِ فَهْوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ
[Machine] And Al-Hasan said: If a person becomes bankrupt and it becomes clear, his slaves cannot be freed, his goods cannot be sold, and his debts cannot be repaid. And Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib said: Uthman judged that whoever claims his right before becoming bankrupt, it belongs to him, and whoever recognizes his possessions with his own eyes, he has more right to them.
وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ إِذَا أَفْلَسَ وَتَبَيَّنَ لَمْ يَجُزْ عِتْقُهُ، وَلاَ بَيْعُهُ وَلاَ شِرَاؤُهُ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ قَضَى عُثْمَانُ مَنِ اقْتَضَى مِنْ حَقِّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْلِسَ فَهْوَ لَهُ، وَمَنْ عَرَفَ مَتَاعَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ فَهْوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ.
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If a man finds his very things with a bankrupt, he has more right to take them back than anyone else."
أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مَالَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ أَوْ إِنْسَانٍ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ فَهْوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ
43.15 Delay in the repayment of debts for a day or so
٤٣۔١٥ بَابُ مَنْ أَخَّرَ الْغَرِيمَ إِلَى الْغَدِ أَوْ نَحْوِهِ، وَلَمْ يَرَ ذَلِكَ مَطْلاً
[Machine] Jaber said, "The creditors have intensified in demanding their rights in my father's debt, so the Prophet ﷺ asked them to accept the yield of my garden wall as payment, but they refused. He did not give them the wall nor did he break it for them. He said, "I will come to you tomorrow." The next day, when it was morning, he visited us and invoked blessings upon the yield, and I paid off their debts."
وَقَالَ جَابِرٌ اشْتَدَّ الْغُرَمَاءُ فِي حُقُوقِهِمْ فِي دَيْنِ أَبِي فَسَأَلَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا ثَمَرَ حَائِطِي فَأَبَوْا، فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِمِ الْحَائِطَ وَلَمْ يَكْسِرْهُ لَهُمْ، قَالَ: «سَأَغْدُو عَلَيْكَ غَدًا». فَغَدَا عَلَيْنَا حِينَ أَصْبَحَ فَدَعَا فِي ثَمَرِهَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ فَقَضَيْتُهُمْ.
43.16 The property of a bankrupt
٤٣۔١٦ باب مَنْ بَاعَ مَالَ الْمُفْلِسِ أَوِ الْمُعْدِمِ فَقَسَمَهُ بَيْنَ الْغُرَمَاءِ، أَوْ أَعْطَاهُ حَتَّى يُنْفِقَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ
A man pledged that his slave would be manumitted after his death. The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Who will buy the slave from me?" Nu'aim bin ʿAbdullah bought the slave and the Prophet ﷺ took its price and gave it to the owner.
النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنِّي فَاشْتَرَاهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَأَخَذَ ثَمَنَهُ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ
43.17 To lend money or sell on credit for a fixed time
٤٣۔١٧ باب إِذَا أَقْرَضَهُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى أَوْ أَجَّلَهُ فِي الْبَيْعِ
[Machine] Ibn Umar said regarding borrowing up to a specified period without any problem, even if one is given more than his own currency, as long as no conditions are set. Atta and Amr ibn Dinar said the same about borrowing until its appointed time.
قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فِي الْقَرْضِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ أُعْطِيَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ دَرَاهِمِهِ، مَا لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ هُوَ إِلَى أَجَلِهِ فِي الْقَرْضِ.
Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned an Israeli man who asked another Israeli to lend him money, and the latter gave it to him for a fixed period. (Abu Hurairah mentioned the rest of narration) [See chapter: Kafala in loans and debts. Hadith 2291]
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ سَأَلَ بَعْضَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يُسْلِفَهُ فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ
43.18 Intercession for the reduction of debts
٤٣۔١٨ باب الشَّفَاعَةِ فِي وَضْعِ الدَّيْنِ
When ʿAbdullah (my father) died, he left behind children and debts. I asked the lenders to put down some of his debt, but they refused, so I went to the Prophet ﷺ to intercede with them, yet they refused. The Prophet ﷺ said (to me), "Classify your dates into their different kinds: 'Adha bin Zaid, Lean and 'Ajwa, each kind alone and call all the creditors and wait till I come to you." I did so and the Prophet ﷺ came and sat beside the dates and started measuring to each his due till he paid them fully, and the amount of dates remained as it was before, as if he had not touched them. (On another occasion) I took part in one of Ghazawat among with the Prophet ﷺ and I was riding one of our camels. The camel got tired and was lagging behind the others. The Prophet ﷺ hit it on its back. He said, "Sell it to me, and you have the right to ride it till Medina.'' When we approached Medina, I took the permission from the Prophet ﷺ to go to my house, saying, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I have newly married." The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Have you married a virgin or a matron (a widow or divorcee)?" I said, "I have married a matron, as ʿAbdullah (my father) died and left behind daughters small in their ages, so I married a matron who may teach them and bring them up with good manners." The Prophet ﷺ then said (to me), "Go to your family." When I went there and told my maternal uncle about the selling of the camel, he admonished me for it. On that I told him about its slowness and exhaustion and about what the Prophet ﷺ had done to the camel and his hitting it. When the Prophet ﷺ arrived, I went to him with the camel in the morning and he gave me its price, the camel itself, and my share from the war booty as he gave the other people.
أُصِيبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَتَرَكَ عِيَالاً وَدَيْنًا فَطَلَبْتُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ الدَّيْنِ أَنْ يَضَعُوا بَعْضًا مِنْ دَيْنِهِ فَأَبَوْا فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَاسْتَشْفَعْتُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا فَقَالَ صَنِّفْ تَمْرَكَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ مِنْهُ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ عِذْقَ ابْنِ زَيْدٍ عَلَى حِدَةٍ وَاللِّينَ عَلَى حِدَةٍ وَالْعَجْوَةَ عَلَى حِدَةٍ ثُمَّ أَحْضِرْهُمْ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ فَفَعَلْتُ ثُمَّ جَاءَ ﷺ فَقَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَالَ لِكُلِّ رَجُلٍ حَتَّى اسْتَوْفَى وَبَقِيَ التَّمْرُ كَمَا هُوَ كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُمَسَّ وَغَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى نَاضِحٍ لَنَا فَأَزْحَفَ الْجَمَلُ فَتَخَلَّفَ عَلَىَّ فَوَكَزَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ قَالَ بِعْنِيهِ وَلَكَ ظَهْرُهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا اسْتَأْذَنْتُ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ بِعُرْسٍ قَالَ ﷺ فَمَا تَزَوَّجْتَ بِكْرًا أَمْ ثَيِّبًا قُلْتُ ثَيِّبًا أُصِيبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَتَرَكَ جَوَارِيَ صِغَارًا فَتَزَوَّجْتُ ثَيِّبًا تُعَلِّمُهُنَّ وَتُؤَدِّبُهُنَّ ثُمَّ قَالَ ائْتِ أَهْلَكَ فَقَدِمْتُ فَأَخْبَرْتُ خَالِي بِبَيْعِ الْجَمَلِ فَلاَمَنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِإِعْيَاءِ الْجَمَلِ وَبِالَّذِي كَانَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَوَكْزِهِ إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ غَدَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِالْجَمَلِ فَأَعْطَانِي ثَمَنَ الْجَمَلِ وَالْجَمَلَ وَسَهْمِي مَعَ الْقَوْمِ
43.19 Wasting money
٤٣۔١٩ باب مَا يُنْهَى عَنْ إِضَاعَةِ الْمَالِ
[Machine] And the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And Allah does not like corruption" and "He does not repair the work of corrupters." And He said in His saying: "Your prayers prevent you from evil and wrongdoing" Our fathers worship, or that we do with our wealth whatever we want. And He said: "And do not give the foolish access to your wealth" and the prohibition of deception. And what is prohibited from deception.
وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {وَاللَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ} وَ{لاَ يُصْلِحُ عَمَلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ}. وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {أَصَلَوَاتُكَ تَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ نَتْرُكَ مَا يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا أَوْ أَنْ نَفْعَلَ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا مَا نَشَاءُ}. وَقَالَ: {وَلاَ تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمْ} وَالْحَجْرِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَمَا يُنْهَى عَنِ الْخِدَاعِ.
A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "I am often betrayed in bargaining." The Prophet ﷺ advised him, "When you buy something, say (to the seller), 'No deception." The man used to say so afterwards.
رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنِّي أُخْدَعُ فِي الْبُيُوعِ فَقَالَ إِذَا بَايَعْتَ فَقُلْ لاَ خِلاَبَةَ فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُهُ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "Allah has forbidden for you, (1) to be undutiful to your mothers, (2) to bury your daughters alive, (3) to not to pay the rights of the others (e.g. charity, etc.) and (4) to beg of men (begging). And Allah has hated for you (1) vain, useless talk, or that you talk too much about others, (2) to ask too many questions, (in disputed religious matters) and (3) to waste the wealth (by extravagance).
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ عُقُوقَ الأُمَّهَاتِ وَوَأْدَ الْبَنَاتِ وَمَنَعَ وَهَاتِ وَكَرِهَ لَكُمْ قِيلَ وَقَالَ وَكَثْرَةَ السُّؤَالِ وَإِضَاعَةَ الْمَالِ
43.20 A slave is a guardian of the property of his master
٤٣۔٢٠ باب الْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ وَلاَ يَعْمَلُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ
I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Everyone of you is a guardian, and responsible for what is in his custody. The ruler is a guardian of his subjects and responsible for them; a husband is a guardian of his family and is responsible for it; a lady is a guardian of her husband's house and is responsible for it, and a servant is a guardian of his master's property and is responsible for it." I heard that from Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I think that the Prophet ﷺ also said, "A man is a guardian of is father's property and is responsible for it, so all of you are guardians and responsible for your wards and things under your care."
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ فَالإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهْوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالرَّجُلُ فِي أَهْلِهِ رَاعٍ وَهْوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالْمَرْأَةُ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا رَاعِيَةٌ وَهْىَ مَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهَا وَالْخَادِمُ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ رَاعٍ وَهْوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ قَالَ فَسَمِعْتُ هَؤُلاَءِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَحْسِبُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ وَالرَّجُلُ فِي مَالِ أَبِيهِ رَاعٍ وَهْوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ فَكُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ