24. Zakāh (Ritual Charity)

٢٤۔ كتاب الزكاة

24.19 The wealthy only are required to give in charity

٢٤۔١٩ باب لاَ صَدَقَةَ إِلاَّ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى

[Machine] "And whoever gives in charity while they themselves are in need, or their family is in need, or they have a debt, then the debt is more deserving to be paid off than charity, freeing slaves, or giving gifts. It is a form of returning the favor and they should not waste people's wealth. The Prophet ﷺ said: 'Whoever takes people's wealth with the intention of destroying it, Allah will destroy him.' However, if they are known for patience and prioritize themselves, even if they have special circumstances, like what Abu Bakr did when he gave in charity from his own wealth, or what the Ansar did with the Muhajireen, the Prophet ﷺ prohibited wasting wealth, so he cannot waste people's wealth under the pretext of charity. Ka'b said: 'O Messenger of Allah, part of my repentance is to give in charity to Allah and His Messenger ﷺ from my wealth.' He said: 'Hold on to some of your wealth, as it is better for you.' I said: 'But I have the arrow I had in Khaybar.'

وَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ وَهْوَ مُحْتَاجٌ، أَوْ أَهْلُهُ مُحْتَاجٌ، أَوْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، فَالدَّيْنُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُقْضَى مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ وَالْعِتْقِ وَالْهِبَةِ، وَهْوَ رَدٌّ عَلَيْهِ، لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُتْلِفَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ أَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ يُرِيدُ إِتْلاَفَهَا أَتْلَفَهُ اللَّهُ». إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْرُوفًا بِالصَّبْرِ فَيُؤْثِرَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِ خَصَاصَةٌ كَفِعْلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ حِينَ تَصَدَّقَ بِمَالِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ آثَرَ الأَنْصَارُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَنَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ إِضَاعَةِ الْمَالِ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُضَيِّعَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِعِلَّةِ الصَّدَقَةِ. وَقَالَ كَعْبٌ ؓ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ مِنْ تَوْبَتِي أَنْ أَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ مَالِي صَدَقَةً إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ. قَالَ: «أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ بَعْضَ مَالِكَ، فَهْوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ». قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أُمْسِكُ سَهْمِي الَّذِي بِخَيْبَرَ.

bukhari:1426ʿAbdān > ʿAbdullāh > Yūnus > al-Zuhrī > Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab > Abū Hurayrah

The Prophet ﷺ said, "The best charity is that which is practiced by a wealthy person. And start giving first to your dependents."  

البخاري:١٤٢٦حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ خَيْرُ الصَّدَقَةِ مَا كَانَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ  

bukhari:1427Mūsá b. Ismāʿīl > Wuhayb > Hishām from his father > Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām

The Prophet ﷺ said, "The upper hand is better than the lower hand (i.e. he who gives in charity is better than him who takes it). One should start giving first to his dependents. And the best object of charity is that which is given by a wealthy person (from the money which is left after his expenses). And whoever abstains from asking others for some financial help, Allah will give him and save him from asking others, Allah will make him self-sufficient."  

البخاري:١٤٢٧حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ ؓ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ وَخَيْرُ الصَّدَقَةِ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى وَمَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْ يُعِفَّهُ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ يَسْتَغْنِ يُغْنِهِ اللَّهُ وَعَنْ وُهَيْبٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ بِهَذَا  

bukhari:1429Abū al-Nuʿmān > Ḥammād b. Zayd > Ayyūb > Nāfiʿ > Ibn ʿUmar

I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was on the pulpit speaking about charity, to abstain from asking others for some financial help and about begging others, saying, "The upper hand is better than the lower hand. The upper hand is that of the giver and the lower (hand) is that of the beggar."  

البخاري:١٤٢٩حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ

سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ وَذَكَرَ الصَّدَقَةَ وَالتَّعَفُّفَ وَالْمَسْأَلَةَ الْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى فَالْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا هِيَ الْمُنْفِقَةُ وَالسُّفْلَى هِيَ السَّائِلَةُ