Watch the Video: https://youtu.be/Qah1Xnt8wJU

Table of Contents

• Foundational Notes
• Obligation of Jumuah
• Obligation of the Eid prayer
• Timing of the Eid prayer
• Timing of Jumuah
• After the zenith
• Before the zenith
• When the Two Eids Coincide
• Narrations
• General rukhsah
• Specific rukhsah for non-city dwellers
• Combined Eid and Jumuah
• The Four Schools
• Arguments that Jumuah must be offered
• Argument that Jumuah becomes optional or is combined with Eid
• Conclusion
• Detailed Opinions
• al-Awsat by Ibn al-Mundhir (318 AH)
• Summary
• Detail
• al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah (620 AH)
• Summary
• Detail
• Ibn Taymiyyah
• Summary
• Detail
• Footnotes

Foundational Notes

Obligation of Jumuah

Obligation of Jumuah is Quranic

• ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾ (سُورَةُ الجُّمُعة ٦٢:٩)

62:9 O you who have believed, when ˹the adhan˺ is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah ˹Friday˺, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew.

Hadith: Jumuah is a day of Eid

• « إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمُ عِيدٍ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَمَنْ جَاءَ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ وَإِنْ كَانَ طِيبٌ فَلْيَمَسَّ مِنْهُ وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالسِّوَاكِ» (ابن ماجة ١٠٩٨ حسن)

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘This day is an ‘Eid (festival) which Allah has ordained for the Muslims. Whoever comes to Friday (prayer), let him take a bath and if he has perfume then let him put some on. And upon you (I urge to use) is the tooth stick.”

Obligation of the Eid prayer

• H^[1]+m^[2]+a^[3]+t^[3:1]: Wajib^[4]
• M^[5]+S^[6]+h^[7]+a^[3:2] (majority): Sunnah muakkadah^[8]
• A^[9]+h+m^[2:1]+s^[10] : Fard kifayah^[11]

Timing of the Eid prayer

• H+M+A+s: Starts at full sunrise and ends at Zuhr
• H+S+A+m: To offer Fitr later and Adha earlier

Timing of Jumuah

• H+M+S: Starts after Zuhr
• A: Starts at the time of Eid
• a: Can start before the zenith

After the zenith

Hadith: Jumuah after the zenith

• «كُنَّا نُجَمِّعُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ ثُمَّ نَرْجِعُ نَتَتَبَّعُ الْفَىْءَ» (مسلم ٨٦٠a صحيح)

We used to observe the Friday prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the sun passed the meridian. and we then returned and tried to find out afternoon shadow (of the walls for protecting themselves from the heat of the sun).

Nawawi: The Prophet, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and the leaders after them all prayed Jumuah after the zenith

Ibn Qudamah:

• Mustahabb to be after the zenith
• Same as Zuhr
• Ending time is the same as Zuhr

Before the zenith

Hadith Jabir: Jumuah before the zenith

• «سَأَلَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَتَى كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي الْجُمُعَةَ قَالَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي ثُمَّ نَذْهَبُ إِلَى جِمَالِنَا فَنُرِيحُهَا - زَادَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ - حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ يَعْنِي النَّوَاضِحَ» (مسلم ٨٥٨b صحيح)

that he asked Jabir b. 'Abdullah when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed Jumu'a prayer. He said: He used to observe prayer, and we then went (back) to our camels and gave them rest. 'Abdullah made this addition in his narration: "Till the sun passed the meridian. and the camels used for carrying water (took rest)."

Hadith Salamah: When there was no shadow on the walls

• سَلَمةَ بنِ الأكوعِ: «كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْجُمُعَةَ ثُمَّ نَنْصَرِفُ وَلَيْسَ لِلْحِيطَانِ ظِلٌّ نَسْتَظِلُّ فِيهِ» (البخاري ٤١٦٨ متفق عليه)

"We used to offer the Jumua prayer with the Prophet ﷺ and then depart at a time when the walls had no shade for us to take shelter in."

When the Two Eids Coincide

Narrations

General rukhsah

Hadith Zayd: Rukhsah (excuse) for praying Jumuah when Eid falls on a Friday

• زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ: «قَالَ أَشَهِدْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِيدَيْنِ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ فَكَيْفَ صَنَعَ؟ قَالَ: صَلَّى الْعِيدَ ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ فَقَالَ «مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيُصَلِّ۔» (أبو داود ١٠٧٠ صحيح)

I witnessed Muawiyah b. Abu Sufyan asking Zayd b. Arqam: Did you offer along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ the Friday and Eid prayers happening on the same day? He said: Yes. He asked: How did he do it? He replied: He offered the Eid prayer and granted a concession ˹to the people˺ to offer the Friday prayer, and said: "If anyone wants to pray it, he may pray."

Hadith Abu Hurayrah, Ibn Abbas: Eid prayer is sufficient substitute for Jumuah

• «قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا عِيدَانِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَجْزَأَهُ مِنَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَإِنَّا مُجَمِّعُونَ» (أبو داود ١٠٧٣ صحيح)

from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who said: Two Eids have synchronized on this day. If anyone does not want to offer the Friday prayer, the Eid prayer is sufficient for him. ˹As for us,˺ we shall offer the Friday prayer.

Specific rukhsah for non-city dwellers

Hadith: Uthman giving permission to people of Awali

• أبو عبيد: «ثُمَّ شَهِدْتُ مَعَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَصَلَّى قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمٌ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ لَكُمْ فِيهِ عِيدَانِ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْتَظِرَ الْجُمُعَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَوَالِي فَلْيَنْتَظِرْ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَقَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَهُ» (البخاري ٥٥٧٢ صحيح)

˹in continuation of Bukhari 5571˺ then I witnessed the Eid with Uthman b. Affan, and that was on a Friday. He offered the prayer before the sermon, saying, "O people! Today you have two Eids together, so whoever of those who live at al-Awali (suburbs) would like to wait for the Jumuah prayer, he may wait, and whoever would like to return ˹home˺ is granted my permission to do so."

**Hadith: Umar b. Abd al-Aziz giving permission to people of Awali

• عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: «اجْتَمَعَ عِيدَانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ فَلْيَجْلِسْ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَرَجٍ» (البيهقي ٦٢٩٠ لا نعرف حكم له)

[[Umar b. Abd al-Aziz]] Two Eids coincided during the time of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , and he said, "Whoever wants to sit among the people of high status, let them do so without any hesitation."

Combined Eid and Jumuah

Hadith Ibn Zubayr: All combined until Asr

• «اجْتَمَعَ يَوْمُ جُمُعَةٍ وَيَوْمُ فِطْرٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ عِيدَانِ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَجَمَعَهُمَا جَمِيعًا فَصَلاَّهُمَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ بُكْرَةً لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهِمَا حَتَّى صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ» (أبو داود ١٠٧٢ صحيح)

Friday and Eid al-Fitr fell on the same day during the lifetime of [[Abdullah b. Zubayr|Ibn al-Zubayr]]. He said: The Eids have coincided on the same day. He combined them and prayed ˹only˺ two rakahs (i.e. he only prayed the Eid prayer) in the morning and did not add anything to them (i.e. did not pray Jumuah) until he offered the Asr prayer.

Hadith Ibn Zubar: Praying Jumuah at Eid Time

• «شَهِدْتُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ بِمَكَّةَ وَهُوَ أَمِيرٌ فَوَافَقَ يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ أَوْ أَضْحًى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ «فَأَخَّرَ الْخُرُوجَ حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ فَخَرَجَ وَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَخَطَبَ وَأَطَالَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ الْجُمُعَةَ فَعَاتَبَهُ عَلَيْهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَصَابَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ السُّنَّةَ فَبَلَغَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ عِيدَانِ صَنَعَ مِثْلَ هَذَا» (الحاكم ١٠٩٧ على شرط البخاري ومسلم)

[Machine] I witnessed Ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca while he was the emir, and it happened to be either the day of Fitr or Adha coinciding with a Friday. He delayed going out until the day had risen high, then he went out and ascended the pulpit, delivered a lengthy sermon, and then performed two rak'ahs (units of prayer) and did not perform the Friday prayer. Some people from Banu Umayya ibn Abd Shams reproached him for this. When Ibn Abbas heard about it, he said, "Ibn al-Zubayr has followed the Sunnah." When Ibn al-Zubayr heard about Ibn Abbas's comment, he said, "I saw Umar ibn al-Khattab do the same thing when both Eids coincided."

Additional narrations can be found on the following link: https://hadithunlocked.com/tag/jumuah_on_eid

The Four Schools

• H: Eid becomes sunnah instead of wajib^[4:1]
• H+M+S (common understanding)
  • Jumuah must still be offered for city dwellers
  • Jumuah is waived only for non-city dwellers
• A+t^[12]: Jumuah is waived for those who prayed Eid

Arguments that Jumuah must be offered

• It's a Quranic command with no rukhsah
• Some scholars concerned on authenticity on reports that allow the rukhsah
• The rukhsah is only for non-city dwellers
• Voluntary acts cannot replace mandatory acts
• Both salah are independent and are mandatory

Argument that Jumuah becomes optional or is combined with Eid

• Purpose is for weekly gathering for the dhikr of Allah and abandon livelihood
• Purpose is achieved when Eid is prayed on Friday
• The Prophet ﷺ allowed the concession and so did the khulafa: like Umar and Uthman
• The companions and successors practiced combining Eid and Jumuah not only for convenience but because Jumuah is also Eid.

If Eid is offered

• Jumuah may be prayed
• If not, then Zuhr must be offered in solo
• Masajid must offer Jumuah for those who want to or need to pray Jumuah

If Jumuah is offered before the zenith

• This takes the place of Eid and Zuhr
• Khutbah must be done before the salah
• Salah will include the takbirat
• No additional prayer needed until Asr time

Ibn Taymiyyah
The communal purpose of gathering is achieved through the Eid prayer. Then, if one does not attend Jumuah, he prays Zuhr instead, and this Zuhr prayer is in its proper time, and the Eid prayer achieves the objective of Jumuah.

Imposing Jumuah on everyone would create hardship and conflict with the joy and celebration that has been legislated for Eid. If people are burdened with it, the Eid loses its intended spirit.

Also, Friday is a day of Eid, and so are the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. It is the custom of the Shariah that when two acts of worship of the same type coincide, one may suffice for the other just as is the case with wudu being included in ghusl, or one ghusl sufficing for another. And Allah knows best.

Conclusion

• Highly debated topic for centuries and will not be solved
• Most videos on YouTube will be one sided stating the Hanbali and Salafi opinions
• Respect the opinions of others
• My personal leaning:
  • If Eid is offered, Jumuah being optional is closer to the Sunnah
  • Even-though Eid and Jumuah should be combined but this will lead to a lot of fitnah and I do not recommend this.

Best course of action
Avoid the ikhtilaf and pray Jumuah. Hanafi opinion where Eid becomes a sunnah is a very good and safe opinion.

Detailed Opinions

al-Awsat by Ibn al-Mundhir (318 AH)

Shaykh al-Islam Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. al-Mundhir al-Nayshaburi al-Shafii was a prominent early Islamic scholar and jurist from Nishapur known for his expertise in comparative fiqh and hadith. He authored [[al-Awsat]] and [[al-Ijma]], foundational works that preserved the legal opinions of earlier scholars with evidences. He was praised for his precision and independence in legal reasoning.

Summary

• Opinion 1: One prayer suffices for the other.
• Opinion 2: Concession is given only to those living outside the city
• Opinion 3: Whoever attends the Eid prayer is excused from Jumuah, but the imam must still establish Jumuah.
• Emphasizes that Jumuah is an obligatory prayer by scholarly consensus and cannot be dropped due to a non-obligatory prayer like Eid.

Detail

اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ

The scholars have differed regarding the two Eids when they coincide on the same day.

فَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ: تُجْزِي إِحْدَاهُمَا عَنِ الْأُخْرَى كَذَلِكَ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ، قَالَ: إِنِ اجْتَمَعَ يَوْمُ جُمُعَةٍ وَيَوْمُ فِطْرٍ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَلْيَجْمَعْهُمَا، فَلْيُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةَ الْفِطْرِ ثُمَّ هِيَ هِيَ حَتَّى الْعَصْرِ، قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَنِي عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمَا اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فِي زَمَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ بُكْرَةً رَكْعَتَيْنِ صَلَاةَ الْفِطْرِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ فِي جَمْعِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بَيْنَهُمَا يَوْمَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ: سَمِعْنَا ذَلِكَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَصَابَ، عِيدَانِ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنَّهُمَا اجْتَمَعَا فِي عَهْدِهِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الْعِيدَ ثُمَّ خَطَبَهُمْ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الْعِيدَ فَقَدْ قَضَى جَمَعْتَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ.

One group said One suffices for the other. This was also the view of Ata, who said: "If Jumuah and the Day of Fitr occur on the same day, then let him combine them, and pray two rakahs (i.e., the Eid prayer) and that will suffice until Asr." Ibn Jurayj said: Then he informed me that this happened during the time of Ibn al-Zubayr that they occurred on the same day and he prayed two rakahs early in the morning, the Eid prayer, and did not add anything to it until Asr. Ibn Jurayj said: Abu al-Zubayr informed me regarding Ibn al-Zubayr’s combining the two, saying: "We heard that Ibn Abbas said: 'He did the right thing, two Eids fell on the same day.’" It was also narrated from Ali b. Abu Talib that they coincided during his time. He led them in the Eid prayer and then gave a khutbah while mounted on his riding animal and said: "O people! Whoever among you has attended the Eid prayer, he is absolved of the Jumuah, if Allah wills."

٢١٨٢ - حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: «إِنِ اجْتَمَعَ يَوْمُ جُمُعَةٍ وَيَوْمُ فِطْرٍ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَلْيَجْمَعْهُمَا فَلْيُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَيْثُ تُصَلَّى صَلَاةُ الْفِطْرِ ثُمَّ هِيَ هِيَ حَتَّى الْعَصْرِ، ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَنِي عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ يَوْمُ فِطْرٍ وَيَوْمُ جُمُعَةٍ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فِي زَمَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: عِيدَانِ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَجَمَعَهُمَا جَمِيعًا جَعَلَهُمَا وَاحِدًا، فَصَلَّى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ بُكْرَةً صَلَاةَ الْفِطْرِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ قَالَ: فَأَمَّا الْفُقَهَاءُ فَلَمْ يَقُولُوا فِي ذَلِكَ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَفْقَهْ فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: وَلَقَدْ أَنْكَرْتُ أَنَا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَصَلَّيْتُ الظُّهْرَ يَوْمَئِذٍ حِينَئِذٍ، حَتَّى بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ الْعِيدَيْنِ كَانَا إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا كَذَلِكَ صَلَّيَا وَاحِدَةً، وَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَجْمَعَانِ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَا»

2182 – Ishaq narrated from Abd al-Razzaq from Ibn Jurayj who said: Ata said: "If Jumuah and Eid al-Fitr coincide, then combine them. Pray two rakahs where the Eid prayer is normally performed, and that is enough until Asr." Then he told me about that saying: "Eid al-Fitr and Jumuah have coincided on the same day during the time of Ibn al-Zubayr. Ibn al-Zubayr said: 'Two Eids have come together on one day,' so he combined them as one and he prayed two rakahs on the day of Jumuah in the morning of the Eid prayer and added nothing to it until Asr.' He said: As for the jurists, they said nothing about that. Those not versed in fiqh objected to what he did. He said: I myself once objected and prayed Zuhr that day when this happened. But it later reached us that when the two Eids occurred together, they were combined and prayed as one. This was also narrated from Muhammad b. Ali b. al-Husayn, who told them that whenever both coincided, they would combine them.'"

٢١٨٣ - حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، فِي جَمْعِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بَيْنَهُمَا يَوْمَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ: سَمِعْنَا ذَلِكَ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «أَصَابَ، عِيدَانِ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ»

2183 Ishaq narrated from Abd al-Razzaq from Ibn Jurayj who said: "Abu al-Zubayr informed me regarding Ibn al-Zubayr’s combining the two prayers that day: "We heard that Ibn Abbas said: 'He did the right thing. Two Eids have come together on one day.'"

٢١٨٤ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: ثنا سَعِيدٌ، قَالَ: ثنا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، قَالَ: ثنا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، قَالَ: «اجْتَمَعَ عِيدَانِ فِي عَهْدِ عَلِيٍّ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الْعِيدَ ثُمَّ خَطَبَهُمْ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الْعِيدَ فَقَدْ قَضَى جُمُعَتَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ» وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: يُجْزِي عَنْكَ أَحَدُهُمَا.

2184 – Muhammad b. Ali narrated from Said from Abu al-Ahwas from Abd al-Aala from Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami who said: "Two Eids coincided during the caliphate of Ali. He led them in the Eid prayer, then delivered the sermon on his mount and said: 'O people! Whoever among you attended the Eid prayer has fulfilled his Jumuah, if Allah wills.'” It was also reported from al-Shabi and al-Nakhai that they both said: "One of the two suffices for the other."

وَفِيهِ قَوْلٌ ثَانٍ: وَهُوَ الرُّخْصَةُ فِي الْإِذْنِ لِمَنْ كَانَ خَارِجًا عَنِ الْمِصْرِ فِي الرُّجُوعِ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ وَلَا يَعُودُونَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ، فَأَمَّا الْجُمُعَةُ فَلَا يَسْقُطُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْقَرْيَةِ بِحَالٍ، لِأَنَّهَا صَلَاةٌ غَيْرُ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَجِبُ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللهِ﴾ الْآيَةَ فَغَيَّرُ جَائِزٍ إِسْقَاطُ مَا يَجِبُ بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ فَرْضِ الْجُمُعَةِ بِتَطَوُّعٍ يَتَطَوَّعُهُ الْمَرْءُ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ أَعْنِي صَلَاةَ الْعِيدِ.

There is another opinion, which is that a concession is granted to those living outside the city to return to their homes and not come back for Jumuah but it is not waived for the residents of the town under any circumstance, because Jumuah is a prayer distinct from Eid, and its obligation begins only after the sun has passed its zenith. This is supported by the statement of Allah: "O you who believe! When the call is made for the prayer on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah…" Thus, it is not permissible to waive the obligatory Jumuah prayer, which becomes due after the sun passes the zenith, based on a voluntary act performed earlier in the day, i.e., the Eid prayer.

قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: ثَابِتٌ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ: قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ لَكُمْ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ عِيدَانِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ أَنْ يَنْتَظِرَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَنْتَظِرْهَا وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ فَقَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَهُ، وَرُوِيَ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ

Abu Bakr (Ibn al-Mundhir) said: It is authentically reported that Uthman b. Affan said on an Eid day: "Today two Eids have come together. So whoever among the people of al-Aliyah (suburbs) wants to stay for Jumuaah, let him stay. Whoever wants to go back, let him go. I have given him permission." A similar report is narrated from Umar b. Abd al-Aziz.

٢١٨٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ الْعِيدَ مَعَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ فَجَاءَ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ لَكُمْ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا عِيدَانِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ أَنْ يَنْتَظِرَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَنْتَظِرْهَا، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ فَقَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَهُ»

2185 al-Rabi narrated from al-Shafii, who said: Malik narrated from Ibn Shihab from Abu Ubayd, the freedman of Ibn Azhar: "I attended Eid with Uthman b. Affan. He came, prayed, then said: ‘Today two Eids have come together. So whoever among the people of al-Aliyah (suburbs) wishes to wait for Jumuah, let him wait. Whoever wishes to go back, let him do so—I have given him permission.'"

وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَالَ: لَا يَجُوزُ هَذَا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمِصْرِ أَنْ يَدْعُوا أَنْ يُجَمِّعُوا إِلَّا مِنْ عُذْرٍ، وَقَالَ النُّعْمَانُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ: يَشْهَدُهُمَا جَمِيعًا الْأَوَّلُ سُنَّةٌ وَالْآخَرُ فَرِيضَةٌ، وَلَا يُتْرَكُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا.

Shafii said the same and added: "It is not permissible for anyone among the residents of the city to leave off Jumuah without an excuse." Numan (Abu Hanifah) said regarding the two Eids falling on the same day: "Both prayers must be attended. The first is a Sunnah and the second is obligatory. Neither of the two should be abandoned."

قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَجْمَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى وُجُوبِ صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَدَلَّتِ الْأَخْبَارُ الثَّابِتَةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ فَرَائِضَ الصَّلَوَاتِ خَمْسٌ، وَصَلَاةُ الْعِيدَيْنِ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْخَمْسِ، وَإِذَا دَلَّ الْكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ وَالِاتِّفَاقُ عَلَى وُجُوبِ صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَدَلَّتِ الْأَخْبَارُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ فَرَائِضَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ، وَصَلَاةَ الْعِيدَيْنِ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْخَمْسِ، وَإِذَا دَلَّ الْكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ وَالِاتِّفَاقُ عَلَى وُجُوبِ صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَدَلَّتِ الْأَخْبَارُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْعِيدِ تَطَوُّعٌ، لَمْ يَجُزْ تَرْكُ فَرْضٍ بِتَطَوُّعٍ

Conclusion: The scholars have unanimously agreed on the obligation of Jumuah prayer. Authentic reports from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ establish that the obligatory prayers are five, and the Eid prayer is not one of the five. Since the Quran, the Sunnah, and scholarly consensus all indicate the obligation of Jumuah, and the reports from the Prophet ﷺ show that the five daily prayers are obligatory while the Eid prayer is voluntary, then it is impermissible to abandon an obligation due to a voluntary act.

al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah (620 AH)

Muwaffaq al-Din Abu Muhammad Abdullah b. Ahmad b. Qudamah b. Miqdam al-Maqdisi was a renowned Hanbali jurist, theologian, and scholar from Damascus. He authored [[al-Mughni]], one of the most comprehensive and authoritative works in Hanbali jurisprudence. Revered for his deep knowledge and clarity, he played a pivotal role in systematizing Hanbali fiqh and preserving classical legal thought.

Summary

• Jumuah is not obligatory for those who prayed Eid, but it remains obligatory for the imam if others wish to pray.
• If Jumuah is prayed during the time of Eid, it suffices for Eid and Zuhr.
• Majority held that Jumuah remains obligatory because both prayers are obligatory and one does not cancel out the other.
• Some scholars considered that the khutbah of Eid suffices for the khutbah of Jumuah, and since both occur in the same time window, one may suffice for the other.
• Zuhr should be skipped if Jumuah is attended before midday; otherwise, if Eid is prayed first, Zuhr must still be prayed if Jumu‘ah is skipped.

Detail

فَصْلٌ: اتَّفَقَ عِيدٌ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ

Section: When Eid and Jumuah Coincide

فَصْلٌ: وَإِنْ اتَّفَقَ عِيدٌ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ، سَقَطَ حُضُورُ الْجُمُعَةِ عَمَّنْ صَلَّى الْعِيدَ، إلَّا الْإِمَامَ، فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَسْقُطُ عَنْهُ إلَّا أَنْ لَا يَجْتَمِعَ لَهُ مَنْ يُصَلِّي بِهِ الْجُمُعَةَ. وَقِيلَ: فِي وُجُوبِهَا عَلَى الْإِمَامِ رِوَايَتَانِ وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ بِسُقُوطِهَا الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَالنَّخَعِيُّ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ.

If Eid and Jumuah fall on the same day, then Jumuah is not obligatory for those who attended the Eid prayer, except for the imam. For the imam, Jumuah is now waived unless there is no one to pray Jumuah with him. It is said that regarding its obligation on the imam, there are two narrations. Among those who held the view of it waiver are: al-Shaabi, al-Nakhai, and al-Awzai.

وَقِيلَ: هَذَا مَذْهَبُ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيٍّ، وَسَعِيدٍ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَقَالَ أَكْثَرُ الْفُقَهَاءِ تَجِبُ الْجُمُعَةُ؛ لِعُمُومِ الْآيَةِ، وَالْأَخْبَارِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى وُجُوبِهَا وَلِأَنَّهُمَا صَلَاتَانِ وَاجِبَتَانِ، فَلَمْ تَسْقُطْ إحْدَاهُمَا بِالْأُخْرَى، كَالظُّهْرِ مَعَ الْعِيدِ.

It is also said that this is the view of: Umar, Uthman, Ali, Said , Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas, and Ibn al-Zubayr. However, most jurists say that Jumuah remains obligatory due to the generality of the verse and hadiths that indicate its obligation, and because both are obligatory prayers—so one does not waive the other, just like Zuhr is not waived due to Eid.

وَلَنَا، مَا رَوَى إيَاسُ بْنُ أَبِي رَمْلَةَ الشَّامِيُّ، قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ يَسْأَلُ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ: هَلْ شَهِدْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِيدَيْنِ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ صَنَعَ؟ قَالَ: صَلَّى الْعِيدَ، ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيُصَلِّ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد، وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَلَفْظُهُ «مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُجَمِّعَ فَلْيُجَمِّعْ» .

What was narrated by Iyas b. Abu Ramlah al-Shami, who said: “I witnessed Muawiyah asking Zayd b. Arqam: Did you witness with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when two Eids came together on the same day?” He said: "Yes." Muawiyah asked: "So what did he do?" He said: "He prayed the Eid prayer, then gave a concession regarding the Jumuah prayer, and said: 'Whoever wishes to pray Jumuah may do so.’" This was reported by Abu Dawud and Imam Ahmad, with his wording being: “Whoever wants to combine, let him do so.”

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «اجْتَمَعَ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا عِيدَانِ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَجْزَأَهُ مِنْ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَإِنَّا مُجَمِّعُونَ» . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ. وَعَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ.

It was also narrated from Abu Hurayrah from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "Two Eids have come together on this day of yours. Whoever wishes, it suffices for him for Jumuah. But we will still perform Jumuah.” This is reported by Ibn Majah, and from Ibn Umar and Ibn Abbas, similar to that.

وَلِأَنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ إنَّمَا زَادَتْ عَنْ الظُّهْرِ بِالْخُطْبَةِ، وَقَدْ حَصَلَ سَمَاعُهَا فِي الْعِيدِ، فَأَجْزَأَ عَنْ سَمَاعِهَا ثَانِيًا، وَلِأَنَّ وَقْتَهُمَا وَاحِدٌ بِمَا بَيَّنَّاهُ، فَسَقَطَتْ إحْدَاهُمَا بِالْأُخْرَى، كَالْجُمُعَةِ مَعَ الظُّهْرِ، وَمَا احْتَجُّوا بِهِ مَخْصُوصٌ بِمَا رَوَيْنَاهُ، وَقِيَاسُهُمْ مَنْقُوضٌ بِالظُّهْرِ مَعَ الْجُمُعَةِ،

Jumuah is only an addition to Zuhr through the khutbah, and this has already been fulfilled by the khutbah of the Eid prayer, so listening to another khutbah is not required. Also, their times are the same, as explained earlier. So one waives the other, like Jumuah suffices for Zuhr. As for the argument that it is an exception as we have narrated earlier, the analogy is invalid because Zuhr suffices for Jumuah.

فَأَمَّا الْإِمَامُ فَلَمْ تَسْقُطْ عَنْهُ؛ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «وَإِنَّا مُجَمِّعُونَ» وَلِأَنَّهُ لَوْ تَرَكَهَا لَامْتَنَعَ فِعْلُ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي حَقِّ مَنْ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ يُرِيدُهَا مِمَّنْ سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ، بِخِلَافِ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ النَّاسِ.

As for the imam, Jumuah is not waived for him due to the Prophet’s ﷺ statement: "We will still perform Jumuah," because, if it is not held, it would not be held for those upon whom it is still obligatory, or those who still wish to perform it even-though it is waved for them. This is unlike the general public ˹for whom it may be waived.˺

فَصْلٌ: وَإِنْ قَدَّمَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَصَلَّاهَا فِي وَقْتِ الْعِيدِ

Section: If Jumuah is performed earlier then it is prayed during the time of the Eid prayer

فَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَ: تُجْزِئُ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا، فَعَلَى هَذَا تُجْزِئُهُ عَنْ الْعِيدِ وَالظُّهْرِ، وَلَا يَلْزَمُهُ شَيْءٌ إلَى الْعَصْرِ عِنْدَ مَنْ جَوَّزَ الْجُمُعَةَ فِي وَقْتِ الْعِيدِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُد، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، قَالَ: اجْتَمَعَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ وَيَوْمُ فِطْرٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: عِيدَانِ قَدْ اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَجَمَّعَهُمَا وَصَلَّاهُمَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ بُكْرَةً، فَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهِمَا حَتَّى صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ فِعْلُ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: أَصَابَ السُّنَّةَ.

It was narrated from Ahmad who said: "The first of the two suffices,” meaning it would suffice for both Eid and Zuhr, and one is not obliged to anything else until Asr whose Jummah is offered at the time of Eid. Abu Dawud narrated with his chain from Ata: “Eid al-Fitr and Jumuah coincided during the time of Ibn al-Zubayr. He said: 'Two Eids have come together on one day,' so he combined them and prayed two rakahs early in the day, and did not add anything else until Asr." It was also reported that when Ibn Abbas was informed of what Ibn al-Zubayr did, he said: "He has followed the Sunnah."

قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: وَهَذَا لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُحْمَلَ إلَّا عَلَى قَوْلِ مَنْ يَذْهَبُ إلَى تَقْدِيمِ الْجُمُعَةِ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ، فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ قَدْ صَلَّى الْجُمُعَةَ فَسَقَطَ الْعِيدُ، وَالظُّهْرُ، وَلِأَنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ إذَا سَقَطَتْ مَعَ تَأَكُّدِهَا، فَالْعِيدُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَسْقُطَ بِهَا، أَمَّا إذَا قَدَّمَ الْعِيدَ فَإِنَّهُ يَحْتَاجُ إلَى أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الظُّهْرَ فِي وَقْتِهَا إذَا لَمْ يُصَلِّ الْجُمُعَةَ.

al-Khattabi said: "This can only be interpreted according to the view of those who permit Jumuah before the zenith. On this basis, Ibn al-Zubayr performed Jumuah, so Eid and Zuhr is waived. And if Jumuah, despite its emphasized obligation, is to be waived, then it is more appropriate for Eid to be waived ˹if Jumuah is prayed first˺. However, if Eid is performed first one must pray Zuhr at its time if he does not pray Jumuah."

Ibn Taymiyyah

Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad b. Abd al-Halim b. Abd al-Salam al-Numayri was a prominent Hanbali scholar, theologian, and reformer known for his rigorous scholarship and bold stances on theology, law, and spirituality. He authored numerous influential works, including [[Majmu al-Fatawa]], and was distinguished for his defense of orthodox Sunni beliefs and call to revive the practices of the early generations.

Summary

• Opinion 1: Jumuah remains obligatory for those who prayed Eid, just like any other Friday.
• Opinion 2: Jumuah is waived only for those living in remote areas outside the city.
• Opinion 3 (the correct opinion): Whoever attends the Eid prayer is excused from Jumuah, but the imam must still establish it for those who wish to attend or didn’t attend Eid.
• This view is attributed to the Prophet ﷺ and several Companions, and no known disagreement exists among them.
• The objective of gathering is fulfilled through Eid
• Making Jumuah mandatory would cause hardship and take away from the joy of Eid.
• When two acts of worship of the same type coincide, one can suffice for the other.

Detail

إذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْجُمُعَةُ وَالْعِيدُ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَلِلْعُلَمَاءِ فِي ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَقْوَالٍ.

When Jumuah and Eid coincide on the same day, the scholars have held three opinions regarding it

أَحَدُهَا: أَنَّهُ تَجِبُ الْجُمُعَةُ عَلَى مَنْ شَهِدَ الْعِيدَ. كَمَا تَجِبُ سَائِرُ الْجُمَعِ للعمومات الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الْجُمُعَةِ.

The first opinion is that Jumuah remains obligatory on the one who attended the Eid prayer, just as Jumuah is obligatory every other week, based on the general evidence indicating its obligation.

وَالثَّانِي: تَسْقُطُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْبِرِّ مِثْلَ أَهْلِ الْعَوَالِي وَالشَّوَاذِّ؛ لِأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عفان أَرْخَصَ لَهُمْ فِي تَرْكِ الْجُمُعَةِ لَمَّا صَلَّى بِهِمْ الْعِيدَ.

The second opinion is that Jumuah is waived for the people of the outskirts, such as the residents of al-ʿAwālī and remote areas, because Uthman b. Affan granted them a concession to miss Jumuah after he had led them in the Eid prayer.

وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّالِثُ: وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ مَنْ شَهِدَ الْعِيدَ سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْجُمُعَةُ لَكِنْ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْجُمُعَةَ لِيَشْهَدَهَا مَنْ شَاءَ شُهُودَهَا وَمَنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ الْعِيدَ. وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمَأْثُورُ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ: كَعُمَرِ وَعُثْمَانَ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ. وَلَا يُعْرَفُ عَنْ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ خِلَافٌ.

The third opinion, and it is the correct one, is that whoever attends the Eid prayer is excused from Jumuah, but the imam must still hold the Jumuah prayer so that those who want to attend it may do so, and also for those who did not attend Eid. This is what has been authentically transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ and from his Companions, such as Umar, Uthman, Ibn Masud, Ibn Abbas, Ibn al-Zubayr, and others. No differing opinion is known from the Companions regarding this.

وَأَصْحَابُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَيْنِ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُمْ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ السُّنَّةِ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ فِي يَوْمِهِ عِيدَانِ صَلَّى الْعِيدَ ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ وَفِي لَفْظٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ﴿أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إنَّكُمْ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ خَيْرًا فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَشْهَدْ فَإِنَّا مُجْمِعُونَ﴾ .

Those who held the first two opinions were unaware of what has been authentically reported in the Sunnah from the Prophet ﷺ when two Eids occurred on the same day: he led the Eid prayer, and then granted a concession regarding Jumuah. In one statement, he said: "O people! You have attained good. Whoever wants to attend Jumuah, let him attend, for we will hold it."

وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّهُ إذَا شَهِدَ الْعِيدَ حَصَلَ مَقْصُودُ الِاجْتِمَاعِ ثُمَّ إنَّهُ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ إذَا لَمْ يَشْهَدْ الْجُمُعَةَ فَتَكُونُ الظُّهْرُ فِي وَقْتِهَا وَالْعِيدُ يُحَصِّلُ مَقْصُودَ الْجُمُعَةِ. وَفِي إيجَابِهَا عَلَى النَّاسِ تَضْيِيقٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَتَكْدِيرٌ لِمَقْصُودِ عِيدِهِمْ وَمَا سُنَّ لَهُمْ مِنْ السُّرُورِ فِيهِ وَالِانْبِسَاطِ. فَإِذَا حُبِسُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ عَادَ الْعِيدُ عَلَى مَقْصُودِهِ بِالْإِبْطَالِ وَلِأَنَّ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ عِيدٌ وَيَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالنَّحْرِ عِيدٌ وَمِنْ شَأْنِ الشَّارِعِ إذَا اجْتَمَعَ عِبَادَتَانِ مِنْ جِنْسٍ وَاحِدٍ أَدْخَلَ إحْدَاهُمَا فِي الْأُخْرَى. كَمَا يُدْخِلُ الْوُضُوءَ فِي الْغُسْلِ وَأَحَدَ الْغُسْلَيْنِ فِي الْآخَرِ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

Furthermore, the communal purpose of gathering is achieved through the Eid prayer. Then, if one does not attend Jumuah, he prays Zuhr instead, and this Zuhr prayer is in its proper time, and the Eid prayer achieves the objective of Jumuah. Imposing Jumuah on everyone would create hardship and conflict with the joy and celebration that has been legislated for Eid. If people are burdened with it, the Eid loses its intended spirit. Also, Friday is a day of Eid, and so are the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. It is the custom of the Shariah that when two acts of worship of the same type coincide, one may suffice for the other just as is the case with wudu being included in ghusl, or one ghusl sufficing for another. And Allah knows best.

Footnotes