Abu Dawud said “I heard Muhammad bin Isa narrating this tradition who said Mu’tamar narrated it to us. And he (Mu’tamar) said “ I heard Al Hakam bin Aban narrating this tradition. He did not mention the name of Ibn ‘Abbas. Abu Dawud said “Al Hussain bin Huraith wrote to me saying “Al Fadl bin Musa narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas to the same effect from the Prophet ﷺ.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If any woman asks her husband for divorce without some strong reason, the odour of Paradise will be forbidden to her.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ سَأَلَتْ زَوْجَهَا طَلاَقًا فِي غَيْرِ مَا بَأْسٍ فَحَرَامٌ عَلَيْهَا رَائِحَةُ الْجَنَّةِ  

She (Habibah) was the wife of Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shimmas. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out one morning and found Habibah by his door. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Who is this? She replied: I am Habibah, daughter of Sahl. He asked: What is your case? She replied: I and Thabit ibn Qays, referring to her husband, cannot live together. When Thabit ibn Qays came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: This is Habibah, daughter of Sahl, and she has mentioned (about you) what Allah wished to mention. Habibah said: Messenger of Allah, all that he gave me is with me. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Thabit ibn Qays: Take it from her. So he took it from her, and she lived among her people (relatives).  

وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصُّبْحِ فَوَجَدَ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ عِنْدَ بَابِهِ فِي الْغَلَسِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ هَذِهِ فَقَالَتْ أَنَا حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ سَهْلٍ قَالَ مَا شَأْنُكِ قَالَتْ لاَ أَنَا وَلاَ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ لِزَوْجِهَا فَلَمَّا جَاءَ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ سَهْلٍ وَذَكَرَتْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَذْكُرَ وَقَالَتْ حَبِيبَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُلُّ مَا أَعْطَانِي عِنْدِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ خُذْ مِنْهَا فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا وَجَلَسَتْ هِيَ فِي أَهْلِهَا  

Habibah daughter of Sahl was the wife of Thabit ibn Qays Shimmas He beat her and broke some of her part. So she came to the Prophet ﷺ after morning, and complained to him against her husband. The Prophet ﷺ called on Thabit ibn Qays and said (to him): Take a part of her property and separate yourself from her. He asked: Is that right, Messenger of Allah? He said: Yes. He said: I have given her two gardens of mine as a dower, and they are already in her possession. The Prophet ﷺ said: Take them and separate yourself from her.  

أَنَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ فَضَرَبَهَا فَكَسَرَ بَعْضَهَا فَأَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ فَاشْتَكَتْهُ إِلَيْهِ فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَابِتًا فَقَالَ خُذْ بَعْضَ مَالِهَا وَفَارِقْهَا فَقَالَ وَيَصْلُحُ ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أَصْدَقْتُهَا حَدِيقَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا بِيَدِهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خُذْهُمَا فَفَارِقْهَا فَفَعَلَ  

The wife of Thabit ibn Qays separated herself from him for a compensation. The Prophet ﷺ made her waiting period a menstrual course. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been transmitted by 'Abd al-Razzaq from Ma'mar from 'Amr b. Muslim from 'Ikrimah from the Prophet ﷺ in a mursal form (i.e. missing the link of the Companion).  

أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْهُ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِدَّتَهَا حَيْضَةً  

Ibn ‘Umar said “The waiting period of a woman who separates herself from her husband for compensation is a menstrual period.”  

عِدَّةُ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ حَيْضَةٌ  

Ibn ‘Abbas said “Mughith was a slave.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ make intercession for me to her (Barirah)”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “O Barirah fear Allaah. He is your husband and father of your child”. She said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ do you command me for that? He said No, I am only interceding. Then tears were falling down on his (her husband’s) cheeks. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said to ‘Abbas “Are you not surprised with the love of Mughith for Barirah and her hatred for him.”  

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اشْفَعْ لِي إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا بَرِيرَةُ اتَّقِي اللَّهَ فَإِنَّهُ زَوْجُكِ وَأَبُو وَلَدِكِ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَتَأْمُرُنِي بِذَلِكَ قَالَ لاَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا شَافِعٌ فَكَانَ دُمُوعُهُ تَسِيلُ عَلَى خَدِّهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْعَبَّاسِ أَلاَ تَعْجَبُ مِنْ حُبِّ مُغِيثٍ بَرِيرَةَ وَبُغْضِهَا إِيَّاهُ  

Ibn ‘Abbas said “The husband of Barirah was a black slave called Mughith. The Prophet ﷺ gave her choice and commanded her to observe the waiting period.”  

أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ عَبْدًا أَسْوَدَ يُسَمَّى مُغِيثًا فَخَيَّرَهَا يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ  

While relating the tradition about Barirah A’ishah said “her husband was a slave, so the Prophet ﷺ gave her choice. She chose herself. Had he been a free man, he would not given her choice.”  

كَانَ زَوْجُهَا عَبْدًا فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا وَلَوْ كَانَ حُرًّا لَمْ يُخَيِّرْهَا  

A’ishah said “The Prophet ﷺ gave her choice. Her husband was a slave.”  

أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ خَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا عَبْدًا  

A’ishah said “Barirah’s husband was a free man when she was emancipated. She was given choice. She said “I do not like to remain with him. I have such and such (grievances)”  

أَنَّ زَوْجَ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ حُرًّا حِينَ أُعْتِقَتْ وَأَنَّهَا خُيِّرَتْ فَقَالَتْ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَكُونَ مَعَهُ وَإِنَّ لِي كَذَا وَكَذَا  

Barirah was emancipated, and she was the wife of Mughith, a slave of Aal AbuAhmad. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave her choice, and said to her: If he has intercourse with you, then there is no choice for you.  

أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ أُعْتِقَتْ وَهِيَ عِنْدَ مُغِيثٍ عَبْدٍ لآلِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهَا إِنْ قَرِبَكِ فَلاَ خِيَارَ لَكِ  

Aisha intended to set free two slaves of her who were spouses. She, therefore, asked the Prophet ﷺ about this matter. He commanded to begin with the man before the woman. The narrator Nasr said: Abu 'Ali al-Hanafi reported it to me on the authority of Ubaydullah.  

فَسَأَلَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَبْدَأَ بِالرَّجُلِ قَبْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ قَالَ نَصْرٌ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَنَفِيُّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ  

A man came after embracing Islam during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Afterwards his wife came after embracing Islam. He said: Messenger of Allah, she embraced Islam along with me; so restore her to me.  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً جَاءَ مُسْلِمًا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ مُسْلِمَةً بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا قَدْ كَانَتْ أَسْلَمَتْ مَعِي فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ  

A woman embraced Islam during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; she then married. Her (former) husband then came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: Messenger of Allah, I have already embraced Islam, and she had the knowledge about my Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took her away from her latter husband and restored her to her former husband.  

أَسْلَمَتِ امْرَأَةٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَسْلَمْتُ وَعَلِمَتْ بِإِسْلاَمِي فَانْتَزَعَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا الآخَرِ وَرَدَّهَا إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الأَوَّلِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ restored his daughter Zaynab to Abul'As on the basis of the previous marriage, and he did not do anything afresh. Muhammad b. 'Amr said in his version: After six years. Al-Hasan b. 'Ali said: After two years.  

رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْنَتَهُ زَيْنَبَ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِي بِالنِّكَاحِ الأَوَّلِ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ شَيْئًا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فِي حَدِيثِهِ بَعْدَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بَعْدَ سَنَتَيْنِ  

I embraced Islam while I had eight wives. So I mentioned it to the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet (said) said: Select four of them. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has also been narrated to us by Ahmad b. Ibrahim from Hushaim. He said: Qais b. al-Harith instead of al-Harith b. Qais. Ahmad b. Ibrahim said: This is correct, i.e. Qais b. al-Harith.  

أَسْلَمْتُ وَعِنْدِي ثَمَانُ نِسْوَةٍ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اخْتَرْ مِنْهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا  

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Qais bin Al Harith through a different chain of narrators to the same effect.  

عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بِمَعْنَاهُ  

I said: Messenger of Allah, I have embraced Islam and two sisters are my wives. He said: Divorce any one of them you wish.  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ وَتَحْتِي أُخْتَانِ قَالَ طَلِّقْ أَيَّتَهُمَا شِئْتَ  

My daughter; she is weaned or about to wean. Rafi' said: My daughter. The Prophet ﷺ said to him: Be seated on a side. And he said to her: Be seated on a side. He then seated the girl between them, and said to them: Call her. The girl inclined to her mother. The Prophet ﷺ said: O Allah! guide her. The daughter then inclined to her father, and he took her.  

أَنْ تُسْلِمَ فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتِ ابْنَتِي وَهِيَ فَطِيمٌ أَوْ شِبْهُهُ وَقَالَ رَافِعٌ ابْنَتِي فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اقْعُدْ نَاحِيَةً وَقَالَ لَهَا اقْعُدِي نَاحِيَةً قَالَ وَأَقْعَدَ الصَّبِيَّةَ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ قَالَ ادْعُوَاهَا فَمَالَتِ الصَّبِيَّةُ إِلَى أُمِّهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِهَا فَمَالَتِ الصَّبِيَّةُ إِلَى أَبِيهَا فَأَخَذَهَا  

Sahl bin Sa’ad Al Sa’idi said that ‘Uwaimir bin Ashqar Al Ajilani came to ‘Asim bin Adl and said to him “Asim tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act? Ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ ‘Asim, for me about it. ‘Asim then asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question and denounced it. What ‘Asim heard from the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ fell heavy on him. When ‘Asim returned to his family ‘Uwaimr came to him and asked ‘Asim “What did the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ say to you”? Asim replied “You did not do good to me”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question that I asked him. Thereupon ‘Uwaimir said “I swear by Allaah, I shall not leave until I ask him about it. So, ‘Uwaimir came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was sitting in the midst of the people.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act?” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “A revelation has been sent down about you and your wife so go away and bring her. Sahl said “So we cursed one another while I was along with the people who were with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Then when they finished, ‘Umamir said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. He pronounced her divorce three times before the Apostle of Allaah ﷺcommanded him (to do so). Ibn Shihab said “Then this became the method of invoking curses.”  

لَهُ يَا عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ قُرْآنٌ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلاَعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا عُوَيْمِرٌ ثَلاَثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ  

‘Abbas bin Sahl reported on the authority of his father “The Prophet ﷺ said to ‘Asim bin ‘Adl. Keep the woman with you till she begets the child.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَاصِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ أَمْسِكِ الْمَرْأَةَ عِنْدَكَ حَتَّى تَلِدَ  

Sahl bin Sa’d Al Sa’idi said “I attended the invoking of the curses with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when I was fifteen. He then narrated the rest of the tradition. In this version he said “She then came out pregnant and the child was ascribed to its mother.  

حَضَرْتُ لِعَانَهُمَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَتْ حَامِلاً فَكَانَ الْوَلَدُ يُدْعَى إِلَى أُمِّهِ  

Sahl bin Sa’ad reported the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ as saying - in the tradition of spouses who invoked curses to each other “Look if she bears a child which has very black eyes, large buttocks, I cannot but imagine that he (i.e., ‘Uwaimir) has spoken the truth. But, if she bears a reddish child like the lizard with red spots (waharah), I cannot imagine that ‘Uwaimir has lied against her. She gave birth to a child (like that described the Prophet ﷺ ) in a detestable manner.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبْصِرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَدْعَجَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ عَظِيمَ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلاَ أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ قَدْ صَدَقَ وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلاَ أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ كَاذِبًا قَالَ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ  

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Sahl bin Sa’d Al Sa’idi through a different chain of narrators. This version adds the child was attributed to its mother.  

فَكَانَ يُدْعَى يَعْنِي الْوَلَدَ لأُمِّهِ  

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Sahl bin Sa’d Al Sa’idi through a different chain of narrators. This version has “He divorced her three times before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ implemented it and what is done before the Prophet ﷺ is sunnah(model behavior of the Prophet). Sahl said “I attended this before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Afterwards the sunnah about those who invoked curses on each other was established that they (the spouses) were separated from each other and they would never be united.”  

فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلاَثَ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَنْفَذَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ مَا صُنِعَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سُنَّةً قَالَ سَهْلٌ حَضَرْتُ هَذَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدُ فِي الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ لاَ يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا  

Sahl bin Sa’ad said “The version of Musaddad has “I witnessed the invoking of curses by the two spouses during the life time of the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ when I was fifteen years old. When they finished invoking curses, the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ separated them from each other. Here ends the version of Musaddad. Others said “He was present when the Prophet ﷺ separated the spouses who invoked curses on each other. The man (Sahl) said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. Abu Dawud said “Some narrators did not mention the word ‘alaiha(against her).” Abu Dawud said “No one supported Ibn ‘Uyainah that he separated the spouses who invoked curses.”  

شَهِدْتُ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ تَلاَعَنَا وَتَمَّ حَدِيثُ مُسَدَّدٍ وَقَالَ الآخَرُونَ إِنَّهُ شَهِدَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا لَمْ يَقُلْ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَيْهَا  

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Sahl bin Sa’d through a different chain of narrators. This version has “She was pregnant, he denied pregnancy from him. So her son was attributed to her. In the law of succession the practice (sunnah) was established that the son gets a share in the inheritance of his mother and the mother gets the share in the inheritance of her son according to the shares prescribed by Allaah the Exalted.  

أَنْ يَرِثَهَا وَتَرِثَ مِنْهُ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ ﷻ لَهَا  

‘Abd Allah (bin Mas’ud) said “We were in the mosque on the night of a Friday, suddenly a man from the Ansar entered the mosque”. And said “If a man finds a man along with wife and declares (about her adultery) you will flog him. Or if he kills you, you will kill him or if keeps silence he will keep silence in anger. I swear by Allaah, I shall ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it”. On the next day he came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ and said “If a man finds a man along with wife and declares (about her adultery) you will flog him. Or if he kills you, you will kill him or if keeps silence he will keep silence in anger.” He said “O Allaah, disclose”. He kept on praying until the verses regarding invoking curses (li’an) came down “As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves.” So, the man was first involved in this trial among the people. He and his wife came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. They invoked curses on each other. The man bore witness before Allaah four times that the thing he said was indeed true. He then invoked curse of Allaah on him for the fifth time if he was a liar. She then wanted to invoke curses of Allaah on him. The Prophet ﷺ said “Do not do that. Bust she refused and did so (i.e., invoked curses). When they returned he said “Perhaps she will give birth to a black child with curly hair.  

إِنَّا لَلَيْلَةُ جُمْعَةٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِذْ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً فَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ جَلَدْتُمُوهُ أَوْ قَتَلَ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ فَإِنْ سَكَتَ سَكَتَ عَلَى غَيْظٍ وَاللَّهِ لأَسْأَلَنَّ عَنْهُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً فَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ جَلَدْتُمُوهُ أَوْ قَتَلَ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ سَكَتَ عَلَى غَيْظٍ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ افْتَحْ وَجَعَلَ يَدْعُو فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ اللِّعَانِ { وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلاَّ أَنْفُسُهُمْ } هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فَابْتُلِيَ بِهِ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ النَّاسِ فَجَاءَ هُوَ وَامْرَأَتُهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَلاَعَنَا فَشَهِدَ الرَّجُلُ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ ثُمَّ لَعَنَ الْخَامِسَةَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ قَالَ فَذَهَبَتْ لِتَلْتَعِنَ فَقَالَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَهْ فَأَبَتْ فَفَعَلَتْ فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَا قَالَ لَعَلَّهَا أَنْ تَجِيءَ بِهِ أَسْوَدَ جَعْدًا فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْوَدَ جَعْدًا  

Ibn ‘Abbas said “Hilal bin Umayyah accused his wife in the presence of Prophet ﷺ of having committed adultery with Sharik bin Sahma’”. The Prophet ﷺ said “Produce evidence or you must receive punishment on your back.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ when one of us sees a man having intercourse with his wife should he go and seek evidence?” But the Prophet ﷺ merely said “You must produce evidence or you must receive punishment on your back.” Hilal then said “By Him Who sent you with the Truth, I am speaking Truly. May Allaah send down something which will free my back from punishment. Then the following Qur’anic verses were revealed “And those who make charges against their spouses but have no witnesses except themselves” reciting till he reached “one of those who speak the truth”. The Prophet ﷺ then returned and sent for them and they came (to him). Hilal bin Umayyah stood up and testified and the Prophet ﷺ was saying “Allaah knows that one of you is lying. Will one of you repent?” Then the woman got up and testified, but when she was about to do it a fifth time saying that Allaah’s anger be upon her if he was one of those who spoke the truth, they said to her “this is the deciding one”. Ibn ‘Abbas said “She then hesitated and drew back so that we thought the she would withdraw(what she said) “Look and see whether she gives birth to a child with eyes looking as if they have antimony in them, wide buttocks and fat legs, if she did. Sharik bin Sahma’ will be its father. She then gave birth to a child of a similar description. The Prophet ﷺ thereupon said “If it were not for what has already been stated in Allaah’s book I would have dealt severely with her.” Abu Dawud said “This tradition has been transmitted by the people of Medina alone. They narrated the tradition of Hilal on the authority of Ibn Bashshar.”  

أَنَّ هِلاَلَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَوْ حَدٌّ فِي ظَهْرِكَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُنَا رَجُلاً عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ يَلْتَمِسُ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقُولُ الْبَيِّنَةَ وَإِلاَّ فَحَدٌّ فِي ظَهْرِكَ فَقَالَ هِلاَلٌ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيًّا إِنِّي لَصَادِقٌ وَلَيُنْزِلَنَّ اللَّهُ فِي أَمْرِي مَا يُبَرِّئُ ظَهْرِي مِنَ الْحَدِّ فَنَزَلَتْ { وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلاَّ أَنْفُسُهُمْ } فَقَرَأَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ { مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ } فَانْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا فَجَاءَا فَقَامَ هِلاَلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ فَشَهِدَ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا مِنْ تَائِبٍ ثُمَّ قَامَتْ فَشَهِدَتْ فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ وَقَالُوا لَهَا إِنَّهَا مُوجِبَةٌ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَتَلَكَّأَتْ وَنَكَصَتْ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهَا سَتَرْجِعُ فَقَالَتْ لاَ أَفْضَحُ قَوْمِي سَائِرَ الْيَوْمِ فَمَضَتْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَبْصِرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَكْحَلَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ سَابِغَ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ كَذَلِكَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَوْلاَ مَا مَضَى مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ  

When the Prophet ﷺ ordered a man and his wife to invoke curses on each other, he ordered a man to put his hand on his mouth when he came to the fifth utterance, saying that it would be the deciding one.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ رَجُلاً حِينَ أَمَرَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ أَنْ يَتَلاَعَنَا أَنْ يَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى فِيهِ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا مُوجِبَةٌ  

Ibn ‘Abbas said “Hilal bin Umayyah was one of the three persons whose repentance was accepted by Allaah. One night he returned from his land and found a man along with his wife. He witnessed with his eyes and heard with his ears. He did not threaten him till the morning.” Next day he went to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ in the morning and said Apostle of Allaah ﷺ “I came to my wife in the night and found a man along with her. I saw with my own eyes and heard with my own ears. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked what he described and he took it seriously. There upon the following Qur’anic verse came down “And those who make charges against their spouses but have no witnesses except themselves, let the testimony of one of them ....” When the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ came to himself (after the revelation ended) he said “Glad tidings to you Hilal, Allaah the exalted has made ease and a way out for you.” Hilal said “I expected that from my Lord. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “Send for her. She then came.” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ recited the verses to them and he reminded them and told them that the punishment in the next world was more severe than that in n this world. Hilal said “I swear by Allah I spoke the truth against her.” She said “He told a lie.” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “Apply the method of invoking curses on one another. Hilal was told “Bear witness. So he bore witness before Allaah four times that he spoke the truth.” When he was about to utter the fifth time he was told “Hilal fear Allah, for the punishment in this world is easier than that in the next world and this is the deciding one, that will surely cause punishment to you.” He said “I swear by Allaah. Allah will not punish me for this (act), as He did not cause me to be flogged for this (act).” So he bore witness a fifth time invoking the curse of Allah on him if he was of those who tell a lie. Then the people said to her, Testify. So she gave testimony before Allaah that he was a liar. When she was going to testify the fifth time she was told “Fear Allah, for the punishment in this world is easier than that in the next world. This is the deciding one that will surely cause punishment to you.” She hesitated for a moment. And then said “By Allah, I will not disgrace my people.” So she testified a fifth time invoking the curse of Allah on her if he spoke the truth. Apostle of Allaah ﷺ separated them from each other and decided that the child will not be attributed to its father. Neither she nor her child will be accused of adultery. He who accuses her or her child will be liable to punishment. He also decided that there will be no dwelling and maintenance for her (from the husband) as they were separated without divorce and death. He then said “If she gives birth to a child with reddish hair, light buttocks, wide belly and light shins he will be the child of Hilal. If she bears a dusky child with curly hair, fat limbs, fat shins and fat buttocks he will be the child of the one who was accused of adultery. She gave birth to a child with curly hair, fat limbs, fat shins and fat buttocks. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “Had there been no oaths, I would have dealt with her severely.” ‘Ikrimah said “Later on he became the chief of the tribe of Mudar. He was not attributed to his father.”  

وَسَمِعَ بِأُذُنَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَهِجْهُ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ ثُمَّ غَدَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي جِئْتُ أَهْلِي عِشَاءً فَوَجَدْتُ عِنْدَهُمْ رَجُلاً فَرَأَيْتُ بِعَيْنِي وَسَمِعْتُ بِأُذُنِي فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ وَاشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَنَزَلَتْ { وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلاَّ أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ } الآيَتَيْنِ كِلْتَيْهِمَا فَسُرِّيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبْشِرْ يَا هِلاَلُ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ لَكَ فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا قَالَ هِلاَلٌ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَرْجُو ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَبِّي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْسِلُوا إِلَيْهَا فَجَاءَتْ فَتَلاَ عَلَيْهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَذَكَّرَهُمَا وَأَخْبَرَهُمَا أَنَّ عَذَابَ الآخِرَةِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ عَذَابِ الدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ هِلاَلٌ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ صَدَقْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَتْ قَدْ كَذَبَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَعِنُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَقِيلَ لِهِلاَلٍ اشْهَدْ فَشَهِدَ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْخَامِسَةُ قِيلَ لَهُ يَا هِلاَلُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ الدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الآخِرَةِ وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُوجِبَةُ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ عَلَيْكَ الْعَذَابَ فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ يُعَذِّبُنِي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا كَمَا لَمْ يَجْلِدْنِي عَلَيْهَا فَشَهِدَ الْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهَا اشْهَدِي فَشَهِدَتْ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْخَامِسَةُ قِيلَ لَهَا اتَّقِي اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ الدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الآخِرَةِ وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُوجِبَةُ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ عَلَيْكِ الْعَذَابَ فَتَلَكَّأَتْ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ قَالَتْ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَفْضَحُ قَوْمِي فَشَهِدَتِ الْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ فَفَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا وَقَضَى أَنْ لاَ يُدْعَى وَلَدُهَا لأَبٍ وَلاَ تُرْمَى وَلاَ يُرْمَى وَلَدُهَا وَمَنْ رَمَاهَا أَوْ رَمَى وَلَدَهَا فَعَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ وَقَضَى أَنْ لاَ بَيْتَ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ وَلاَ قُوتَ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمَا يَتَفَرَّقَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلاَقٍ وَلاَ مُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا وَقَالَ إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُصَيْهِبَ أُرَيْصِحَ أُثَيْبِجَ حَمْشَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِهِلاَلٍ وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَوْرَقَ جَعْدًا جُمَالِيًّا خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ سَابِغَ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِلَّذِي رُمِيَتْ بِهِ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ أَوْرَقَ جَعْدًا جُمَالِيًّا خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ سَابِغَ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَوْلاَ الأَيْمَانُ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ فَكَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى مُضَرَ وَمَا يُدْعَى لأَبٍ  

Ibn ‘Umar said “The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said to the spouses who invoked curses on each other. Your reckoning is in Allaah’s hands for one of you is liar there is no way for you to (remarry) her. He then asked Apostle of Allaah ﷺ what about my property? He replied “There is no property for you. If you have spoken the truth, it is the price for your having had the right to intercourse with her and if you have lied against her it is still more remote for you.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ حِسَابُكُمَا عَلَى اللَّهِ أَحَدُكُمَا كَاذِبٌ لاَ سَبِيلَ لَكَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَالِي قَالَ لاَ مَالَ لَكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ صَدَقْتَ عَلَيْهَا فَهُوَ بِمَا اسْتَحْلَلْتَ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَإِنْ كُنْتَ كَذَبْتَ عَلَيْهَا فَذَلِكَ أَبْعَدُ لَكَ  

Sa’d bin Jubair said I asked Ibn ‘Umar A man accused his wife of adultery? He said “The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ separated the brother and the sister of Banu Al ‘Ajilan (i.e., husband and wife). He said Allaah knows that one of you is a liar, will one of you repent? He repeated these words three times, but they refused. So he separated them from each other.  

قُلْتُ لاِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَجُلٌ قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ فَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَخَوَىْ بَنِي الْعَجْلاَنِ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا تَائِبٌ يُرَدِّدُهَا ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَأَبَيَا فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا  

The words narrated by Malik alone are: "and he attributed the child to the woman." Yunus narrated from Al Zuhri on the authority of Sahl bin Sa’d in the tradition regarding li’an(invoking curses). He disowned her conception hence her child was attributed to her.  

لاَعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَانْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا فَفَرَّقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ  

Abu Hurairah said A man from Banu Fazarah came to the Prophet ﷺ and said “My wife has given birth to a black son”. He said “Have you any camels?” He said “They are red”. He asked “Is there a dusky one among them?” He replied “Some of them are dusky”. He asked “How do you think they have come about?” He replied “This may be a strain to which they reverted”. He said “And this is perhaps a strain to which the child has reverted.”  

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ أَسْوَدَ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ إِبِلٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَا أَلْوَانُهَا قَالَ حُمْرٌ قَالَ فَهَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ أَوْرَقَ قَالَ إِنَّ فِيهَا لَوُرْقًا قَالَ فَأَنَّى تُرَاهُ قَالَ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ نَزَعَهُ عِرْقٌ قَالَ وَهَذَا عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ نَزَعَهُ عِرْقٌ  

The tradition mentioned above has also been narrated by Al Zuhri through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. This version adds “At that time he was hinting at disowning the child.”  

بِأَنْ يَنْفِيَهُ  

A bedouin came to the Prophet ﷺ, and said: My wife has given birth to a black son, and I disown him. He then narrated the rest of the tradition to the same effect.  

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي وَلَدَتْ غُلاَمًا أَسْوَدَ وَإِنِّي أُنْكِرُهُ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ  

AbuHurayrah heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say when the verse about invoking curses came down: Any woman who brings to her family one who does not belong to it has nothing to do with Allah (i.e. expects no mercy from Allah), and Allah will not bring her into His Paradise. Allah, the Exalted, will veil Himself from any man who disowns his child when he looks at him, and disgrace him in the presence of all creatures, first and last.  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ حِينَ نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ أَدْخَلَتْ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ فَلَيْسَتْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ وَلَنْ يُدْخِلَهَا اللَّهُ جَنَّتَهُ وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ جَحَدَ وَلَدَهُ وَهُوَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ احْتَجَبَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ وَفَضَحَهُ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الأَوَّلِينَ وَالآخِرِينَ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no prostitution in Islam. If anyone practised prostitution in pre-Islamic times, the child will be attributed to the master (of the slave-woman). He who claims his child without a valid marriage or ownership will neither inherit nor be inherited.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ مُسَاعَاةَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ مَنْ سَاعَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَدْ لَحِقَ بِعَصَبَتِهِ وَمَنِ ادَّعَى وَلَدًا مِنْ غَيْرِ رِشْدَةٍ فَلاَ يَرِثُ وَلاَ يُورَثُ  

The Prophet ﷺ decided regarding one who was treated as a member of a family after the death of his father, to whom he was attributed when the heirs said he was one of them, that if he was the child of a slave-woman whom the father owned when he had intercourse with her, he was included among those who sought his inclusion, but received none of the inheritance which was previously divided; he, however, received his portion of the inheritance which had not already been divided; but if the father to whom he was attributed had disowned him, he was not joined to the heirs. If he was a child of a slave-woman whom the father did not possess or of a free woman with whom he had illicit intercourse, he was not joined to the heirs and did not inherit even if the one to whom he was attributed is the one who claimed paternity, since he was a child of fornication whether his mother was free or a slave.  

إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مُسْتَلْحَقٍ اسْتُلْحِقَ بَعْدَ أَبِيهِ الَّذِي يُدْعَى لَهُ ادَّعَاهُ وَرَثَتُهُ فَقَضَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمَةٍ يَمْلِكُهَا يَوْمَ أَصَابَهَا فَقَدْ لَحِقَ بِمَنِ اسْتَلْحَقَهُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِمَّا قُسِمَ قَبْلَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ شَىْءٌ وَمَا أَدْرَكَ مِنْ مِيرَاثٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَلَهُ نَصِيبُهُ وَلاَ يُلْحَقُ إِذَا كَانَ أَبُوهُ الَّذِي يُدْعَى لَهُ أَنْكَرَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمَةٍ لَمْ يَمْلِكْهَا أَوْ مِنْ حُرَّةٍ عَاهَرَ بِهَا فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يُلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلاَ يَرِثُ وَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي يُدْعَى لَهُ هُوَ ادَّعَاهُ فَهُوَ وَلَدُ زِنْيَةٍ مِنْ حُرَّةٍ كَانَ أَوْ أَمَةٍ  

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Muhammad bin Rashid through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. This version adds “he is the child of fornication for the people of his mother whether she was free or a slave. This attribution of a child to the parents was practiced in the beginning of Islam. The property divided before Islam will not be taken into account.  

عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ وَهُوَ وَلَدُ زِنًا لأَهْلِ أُمِّهِ مَنْ كَانُوا حُرَّةً أَوْ أَمَةً وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا اسْتُلْحِقَ فِي أَوَّلِ الإِسْلاَمِ فَمَا اقْتُسِمَ مِنْ مَالٍ قَبْلَ الإِسْلاَمِ فَقَدْ مَضَى  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me. The version of Musaddad and Ibn as-Sarh has: one day looking pleased". The version of Uthman has: "The lines of his forehead were realised." He said: O Aisha, are you not surprised to hear that Mujazziz al-Mudlaji saw that Zayd and Usamah had a rug over them concerning their heads and letting their feet appear. He said: These feet are related. Abu Dawud: Usamah was black and Zaid was white.  

دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ وَابْنُ السَّرْحِ يَوْمًا مَسْرُورًا وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ يُعْرَفُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ أَىْ عَائِشَةُ أَلَمْ تَرَىْ أَنَّ مُجَزِّزًا الْمُدْلِجِيَّ رَأَى زَيْدًا وَأُسَامَةَ قَدْ غَطَّيَا رُءُوسَهُمَا بِقَطِيفَةٍ وَبَدَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ  

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by ibn Shihab through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. This version adds “She said “he entered upon me looking pleased with the lines of his face brightened. Abu Dawud said “Ibn ‘Uyainah did not remember the words “the lines of his face”.” Abu Dawud said “The words “the lines of his face” have been narrated by Ibn ‘Uyainah himself. He did not hear Al Zuhri say (these words). He heard some person other than Al Zuhri say these words. The words “the lines of his face” occur in the tradition narrated by Al Laith and others. Abu Dawud said “ I heard Ahmad bin Salih say “Usamah was very black like tar and Zaid was white like cotton.”  

دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ مَسْرُورًا تَبْرُقُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ  

I was sitting with the Prophet ﷺ. A man came from the Yemen, and said: Three men from the people of the Yemen came to Ali, quarrelling about a child, asking him to give a decision. They had had sexual intercourse with a woman during a single state of purity. He said to two of them: Give this child to this man (the third person) with pleasure. But they (refused and) cried loudly. Again he said to two of them: Give the child to the man (the third person) willingly. But they (refused and) cried loudly. He then said: You are quarrelsome partners. I shall cast lots among you; he who receives the lot, will acquire the child, and he shall pay two-thirds of the blood-money to both his companions. He then cast lots among them, and gave the child to the one who received the lot. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed so much that his canine or molar teeth appeared.  

كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ ثَلاَثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا يَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي وَلَدٍ وَقَدْ وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَالَ لاِثْنَيْنِ مِنْهُمَا طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَيَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لاِثْنَيْنِ طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَبَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لاِثْنَيْنِ طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَبَا فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ إِنِّي مُقْرِعٌ بَيْنَكُمْ فَمَنْ قُرِعَ فَلَهُ الْوَلَدُ وَعَلَيْهِ لِصَاحِبَيْهِ ثُلُثَا الدِّيَةِ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَجَعَلَهُ لِمَنْ قُرِعَ فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَضْرَاسُهُ أَوْ نَوَاجِذُهُ  

Three persons were brought to Ali (Allah be pleased with him) when he was in the Yemen. They and sexual intercourse with a woman during a single state of purity. He asked two of them: Do you acknowledge this child for this (man)? They replied: No. He then put this (question) to all of them. Whenever he asked two of them, they replied in the negative. He, therefore, cast a lot among them, and attributed the child to the one who received the lot. He imposed two-third of the blood-money (i.e. the price of the mother) on him. This was then mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ and he laughed so much that his molar teeth appeared.  

أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بِثَلاَثَةٍ وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ قَالاَ لاَ حَتَّى سَأَلَهُمْ جَمِيعًا فَجَعَلَ كُلَّمَا سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ قَالاَ لاَ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالَّذِي صَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْعَةُ وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ ثُلُثَىِ الدِّيَةِ قَالَ فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ  

Khalil or Ibn Khalil said “A woman was brought to Ali bin Abi Talib(may Allaah be pleased with him). She bore a child from intercourse of three persons. The narrator transmitted the rest of the tradition similar to the previous one. But in this version he did not mention “Yemen” and the Prophet ﷺ and his words “give the child willingly.”  

أُتِيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْ ثَلاَثٍ نَحْوَهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْيَمَنَ وَلاَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَلاَ قَوْلَهُ طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ  

A’ishah wife of the Prophet ﷺ said “Marriage in pre Islamic times was of four kinds.” One of them was the marriage contracted by the people today. A man asked another man to marry his relative (sister or daughter) to him. He fixed the dower and married her to him. Another kind of marriage was that a man asked his wife when she became pure from menstruation to send fro so and so and have sexual intercourse with him. Her husband kept himself aloof and did not have intercourse with her till It became apparent that she was pregnant from the man who had intercourse with her. When it was manifest that she was pregnant, her husband approached her if he liked. This marriage was called istibda’(to utilize man for intercourse for a noble birth). A third kind of marriage was that a group of people less than ten in number entered upon a woman and had intercourse with her. When she conceived gave birth to a child and a number of days passed after her delivery, she sent for them. No one of them could refuse to attend and they gathered before her. She said to them “You have realized your affair. I have now given birth to a child. And this is your son. O so and so. She called the name of anyone of them she liked and the child was attributed to him. A fourth kind of marriage was that many people gathered together and entered upon a woman who did not prevent anyone who came to her. They were prostitutes. They hoisted flags at their doors which served as a sign for the one who intended to enter upon them. When she became pregnant and delivered the child , they got together before her and called for the experts of tracing relationship from physical features. They attributed the child to whom they considered and it was given to him. The child was called his son and he could not deny. When Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ as a Prophet, he abolished all kinds of marriages prevalent among the people of the pre Islamic times except of the Muslims practiced today.  

أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ؓ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ النِّكَاحَ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَنْحَاءٍ فَنِكَاحٌ مِنْهَا نِكَاحُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ يَخْطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَلِيَّتَهُ فَيُصْدِقُهَا ثُمَّ يَنْكِحُهَا وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ طَمْثِهَا أَرْسِلِي إِلَى فُلاَنٍ فَاسْتَبْضِعِي مِنْهُ وَيَعْتَزِلُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَلاَ يَمَسُّهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي تَسْتَبْضِعُ مِنْهُ فَإِذَا تَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا أَصَابَهَا زَوْجُهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ رَغْبَةً فِي نَجَابَةِ الْوَلَدِ فَكَانَ هَذَا النِّكَاحُ يُسَمَّى نِكَاحَ الاِسْتِبْضَاعِ وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ يَجْتَمِعُ الرَّهْطُ دُونَ الْعَشَرَةِ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ كُلُّهُمْ يُصِيبُهَا فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ وَوَضَعَتْ وَمَرَّ لَيَالٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعُوا عِنْدَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَهُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمُ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ وَقَدْ وَلَدْتُ وَهُوَ ابْنُكَ يَا فُلاَنُ فَتُسَمِّي مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ مِنْهُمْ بِاسْمِهِ فَيُلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهَا وَنِكَاحٌ رَابِعٌ يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ الْكَثِيرُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ لاَ تَمْتَنِعُ مِمَّنْ جَاءَهَا وَهُنَّ الْبَغَايَا كُنَّ يَنْصِبْنَ عَلَى أَبْوَابِهِنَّ رَايَاتٍ يَكُنَّ عَلَمًا لِمَنْ أَرَادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ فَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا جُمِعُوا لَهَا وَدَعَوْا لَهُمُ الْقَافَةَ ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُوا وَلَدَهَا بِالَّذِي يَرَوْنَ فَالْتَاطَهُ وَدُعِيَ ابْنَهُ لاَ يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ هَدَمَ نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كُلَّهُ إِلاَّ نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ الْيَوْمَ  

A’ishah said “Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas and ‘Abd bin Zamah disputed amongst themselves about the (relationship of the) son of the slave girl of Zam’ah and brought the case to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Sa’d said “My brother ‘Utbah enjoined me that when I came to Makkah I should see the son of the slave girl of Zam’ah and take his possession for that is his son”. ‘Abd bin Zam’ah said “He is my brother, the son of my father’s slave girl having been born on my father’s bed”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ saw his clear resemblance to ‘Utbah. So he said “The child is attributed to the one on whose bed it is born and the fornicator is deprived of any right (lit. the fornicator will have the stone). Veil yourself from him, Saudah. Musaddad added in his version “he is your brother ‘Abd”.  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ اخْتَصَمَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ أَوْصَانِي أَخِي عُتْبَةُ إِذَا قَدِمْتُ مَكَّةَ أَنْ أَنْظُرَ إِلَى ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَأَقْبِضَهُ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنُهُ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ أَخِي ابْنُ أَمَةِ أَبِي وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِي فَرَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بِعُتْبَةَ فَقَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَاحْتَجِبِي عَنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ زَادَ مُسَدَّدٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ وَقَالَ هُوَ أَخُوكَ يَا عَبْدُ  

A man got up and said: Messenger of Allah, so-and-so is my son; I had illicit intercourse with his mother in the pre-Islamic period. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: There is no unlawful claiming of paternity in Islam. What was done in pre-Islamic times has been annulled. The child is attributed to the one on whose bed it is born, and the fornicator is deprived of any right.  

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ فُلاَنًا ابْنِي عَاهَرْتُ بِأُمِّهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ دِعْوَةَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ ذَهَبَ أَمْرُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ