عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ

[Machine] In the pre-Islamic era, the taking of oaths was common among the people of Hijaz, and whoever swore an oath on certain things would be punished by Allah if they violated it. This punishment served as a deterrent against committing forbidden acts. However, when Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ as a messenger, he affirmed the practice of taking oaths. The Muslims viewed it with reverence due to the knowledge bestowed upon them by Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decreed a dispute settlement through an oath between two groups of Ansar, known as Banu Harithah. The dispute arose when a Jew killed Muhaysah, and the Jews denied their involvement. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned the Jews for an oath to exonerate themselves, but they violated their oaths. Then, he summoned the Banu Harithah and ordered them to take an oath to prove that the Jews had indeed killed Muhaysah unjustly. They took the oath, and as a result, the Banu Harithah were acquitted. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used his wisdom and judgment in dealing with the Jews, who were found to be guilty among them and in their settlements.  

كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حِجَازًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَكَانَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ صَبْرٍ أَثِمَ فِيهَا أُرِيَ عُقُوَبةً مِنَ اللهِ يُنَكَّلُ بِهَا مِنَ الْجُرْأَةِ عَلَى الْمَحَارِمِ فَكَانُوا يَتَوَرَّعُونَ عَنْ أَيْمَانِ الصَّبْرِ وَيَخَافُونَهَا فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ أَقَرَّ الْقَسَامَةَ وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمْ أَهْيَبَ لَهَا؛ لِمَا عَلَّمَهُمُ اللهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْقَسَامَةِ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْ مُحَيِّصَةَ فَأَنْكَرَتِ الْيَهُودُ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْيَهُودَ لِقَسَامَتِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ ادَّعَوُا الدَّمَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُحَلِّفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّهُمْ لَبَرَاءٌ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ فَنَكَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُحَلِّفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ غِيلَةً وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُمْ فَنَكَلَتْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِعَقْلِهِ عَلَى يَهُودَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ وَفِي دِيَارِهِمْ