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ذِكْرُ اسْتِحْبَابِ صَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمٍ إِذْ هُوَ صَوْمُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، أَوْ صَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمَيْنِ لِمَنْ عَجَزَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ

ibnhibban:3639Abū Yaʿlá > Khalf b. Hishām al-Bazzār > Ḥammād b. Zayd > Ghaylān b. Jarīr > ʿAbdullāh b. Maʿbad > Abū Qatādah

[Machine] A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Prophet of Allah, how do you fast?" The Prophet became angry. When Umar saw this, he said, "We are satisfied with Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion, and Muhammad ﷺ as our Prophet. We seek refuge with Allah from the anger of Allah and the anger of His Messenger." He kept repeating this until the anger of the Prophet subsided. Then he asked, "O Prophet of Allah, how can someone fast for two days and break their fast on one day?" The Prophet asked, "Can anyone endure that?" The man said, "Then how can someone fast for one day and break their fast on another day?" The Prophet said, "That was the fasting of my brother Dawud." The man asked, "Then how about someone who fasts for one day and breaks their fast for two days?" The Prophet said, "I wish I had been spared from that."  

ابن حبّان:٣٦٣٩أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى حَدَّثَنَا خَلْفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ الْبَزَّارُ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ

أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ؟ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ قَالَ رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رِبًا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دَيْنًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ نَبِيًّا نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضِبِ اللَّهِ وَغَضِبِ رَسُولِهِ وَجَعَلَ يُرَدِّدُهَا حَتَّى سَكَنَ مِنْ غَضِبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ «وَيُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ؟ » قَالَ فَكَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا قَالَ «ذَاكَ صَوْمُ أَخِي دَاوُدَ» قَالَ فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمَيْنِ؟ قَالَ «وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي طُوِّقْتُ ذَاكَ»  


See similar narrations below:

Collected by Muslim, Abū Dāwūd
muslim:1162aYaḥyá b. Yaḥyá al-Tamīmī And Qutaybah b. Saʿīd > Ḥammād > Yaḥyá > Ḥammād b. Zayd > Ghaylān > ʿAbdullāh b. Maʿbad al-Zimmānī > Abū Qatādah

How do you fast? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ felt annoyed. When 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) noticed his annoyance, he said: We are well pleased with Allah as our Lord, with Islam as our code of life, and with Muhammad as our Prophet. We seek refuge with Allah from the anger of Allah and that of His Messenger. 'Umar kept on repeating these words till his (the Prophet's) anger calmed down. Then Umar said: Messenger of Allah, what is the position of one who fasts perpetually? He ﷺ said: He neither fasted nor broke it, or he said: He did not fast and he did not break it. 'Umar said: What about him who fasts for two days and does not fast one day? He ﷺ said: Is anyone capable of doing that? He ('Umar) said: What is the position of him who fasts for a day and doesn't fast on the other day? Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: That is the fast of David (peace be upon him). He ('Umar) said: What about him who fasts one day and doesn't fast for two days. Thereupon he (the Messenger of Allah) said: I wish I were given the strength to do that. Thereafter he ﷺ said: Fasting three days every month and that of Ramadan every year is a perpetual fasting. I seek from Allah that fasting on the day of 'Arafa may atone for the sins of the preceding and the coming years, and I seek from Allah that fasting on the day of Ashura may atone for the sins of the preceding year.  

مسلم:١١٦٢aوَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى التَّمِيمِيُّ وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ غَيْلاَنَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ

رَجُلٌ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَأَى عُمَرُ ؓ غَضَبَهُ قَالَ رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالإِسْلاَمِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ فَجَعَلَ عُمَرُ ؓ يُرَدِّدُ هَذَا الْكَلاَمَ حَتَّى سَكَنَ غَضَبُهُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ قَالَ لاَ صَامَ وَلاَ أَفْطَرَ أَوْ قَالَ لَمْ يَصُمْ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ قَالَ كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا قَالَ وَيُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ قَالَ كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا قَالَ ذَاكَ صَوْمُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي طُوِّقْتُ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلاَثٌ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ فَهَذَا صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهُ وَصِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ  

abudawud:2425Sulaymān b. Ḥarb And Musaddad > Ḥammād b. Zayd > Ghaylān b. Jarīr > ʿAbdullāh b. Maʿbad al-Zimmānī > Abū Qatādah

A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: How do you fast, Messenger of Allah? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry at what he said. When Umar observed this (his anger), he said: We are satisfied with Allah as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muhammad as Prophet. We seek refuge in Allah from the anger of Allah, and from the anger of His Apostle. Umar continued to repeat these words till his anger cooled down. He then asked: Messenger of Allah, what is the position of one who observes a perpetual fast? He replied: May he not fast or break his fast. Musaddad said in his version: He has neither fasted nor broken his fast. The narrator, Ghaylan, doubted the actual wordings. He asked: What is the position of one who fasts two days and does not fast one day? He said: Is anyone able to do that? He asked: What is the position of one who fasts every second day (i.e. fasts one day and does not fasts the next day)? He (the Prophet) said: This is the fast that David observed. He asked: Messenger of Allah, what is the position of one who fasts one day and breaks it for two days? He replied: I wish I were given the power to observe that. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The observance of three days' fast every month and of one Ramadan to the other (i.e. the fast of Ramadan every year) is (equivalent to) a perpetual fast. I seek from Allah that fasting on the day of Arafah may atone for the sins of the preceding and the coming year, and I seek from Allah that fasting on the day of Ashura' may atone for the sins of the preceding year.  

أبو داود:٢٤٢٥حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَمُسَدَّدٌ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ غَيْلاَنَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ

أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ قَالَ رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالإِسْلاَمِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ وَمِنْ غَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عُمَرُ يُرَدِّدُهَا حَتَّى سَكَنَ غَضَبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ قَالَ لاَ صَامَ وَلاَ أَفْطَرَ قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ لَمْ يَصُمْ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ أَوْ مَا صَامَ وَلاَ أَفْطَرَ شَكَّ غَيْلاَنُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا قَالَ أَوَيُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا قَالَ ذَلِكَ صَوْمُ دَاوُدَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي طُوِّقْتُ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلاَثٌ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ فَهَذَا صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ وَصِيَامُ عَرَفَةَ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهُ وَصَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ