22. Book of Bargains
٢٢۔ كِتَابُ اللُّقَطَةِ
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The lost animal of the Muslim may lead to the burning flame of Hell.' ” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2502)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «ضَالَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِ حَرَقُ النَّارِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ فَشَأْنَكَ بِهَا أَرَادَ بِهِ فَاسْتَنْفِقْهَا
[Machine] He said: "A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while I was with him, and he asked him about the stray livestock. He said, 'Know its brand and its shepherd, then announce it for a year.' He said, 'If no one claims it, then you may spend it.' He asked, 'What about the stray sheep?' He said, 'It belongs to you, your brother, or the wolf.' He asked, 'What about the stray camel?' He said, 'It has its vessel for water and its shoes for traveling, it will eat from the trees until its owner comes to claim it.'"
أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ قَالَ «اعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً» قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ لَهَا طَالِبٌ فَاسْتَنْفِقْهَا قَالَ فَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ «لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ» قَالَ فَضَالَّةُ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ «مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا وَحِذَاؤُهَا تَرِدُ الْمَاءَ وَتَأْكُلُ الشَّجَرَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهَا رَبُّهَا»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً لَيْسَ بِحَدٍّ يُوجِبُ نِهَايَةَ الْقَصْدِ فِي كُلِّ الْأَحْوَالِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ حَدٌّ يُوجِبُ قَصْدَ الْغَايَةِ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحْوَالِ
[Machine] "You have done well. I acquired a pouch in which there were some coins, so I brought them to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him about it. He said, 'Identify its boundaries.' I couldn't find anyone, so I identified it with three descriptions. Then I went to him and he said, 'Guard its container, its lid, and their number. If anyone comes to claim it, give it back. Otherwise, enjoy it.'"
أَحْسَنْتَ إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ صُرَّةً فِيهَا دَنَانِيرُ فَأَتَيْتُ بِهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ فَقَالَ «عَرِّفْهَا حَوْلًا فَلَمْ أَجِدْ أَحَدًا فَعَرَّفْتُهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ» ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ «احْفَظْ وِعَاءَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا وَعَدَدَهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ يُخْبِرُكَ فَادْفَعْهَا وَإِلَّا فَاسْتَمْتِعْ بِهَا»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ تَعْرِيفَ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الصُّرَّةَ الَّتِي الْتَقَطَهَا الْأَحْوَالَ الثَّلَاثَةَ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِأَمْرِ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ لَا مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ
[Machine] "You have done well, you have done well. I found a hundred gold coins from the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , so I brought them to him. He said, 'Identify them.' So I described them in detail. Then I went to him again and he said, 'Identify them.' So I described them again in detail. This happened a few more times until he said, 'Know their number, container, and cover. If someone comes and informs you of their number, container, and cover, then give it to them. Otherwise, enjoy it.'"
أَحْسَنْتَ أَحْسَنْتَ الْتَقَطْتُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهَا فَقَالَ «عَرِّفْهَا» فَعَرَّفْتُهَا حَوْلًا ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ «عَرِّفْهَا» فَعَرَّفْتُهَا حَوْلًا ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ «عَرِّفْهَا» فَعَرَّفْتُهَا حَوْلًا ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ «اعْلَمْ عَدَدَهَا وَوِعَاءَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ يُخْبِرُكَ بِعَدَدِهَا وَوِعَائِهَا وَوِكَائِهَا فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهَا وَإِلَّا فَاسْتَمْتِعْ بِهَا»
ذِكْرُ لَفْظَةٍ أَوْهَمَتْ عَالِمًا مِنَ النَّاسِ ضِدَّ مَا ذَهَبْنَا إِلَيْهِ
[Machine] A man asked the Messenger of Allahﷺ about a stray camel. He said, "What is its condition and what does it have with it in terms of its water container and saddle shoes? Leave it to eat from the trees and drink water until its owner comes to get it." The man then asked him about a stray sheep, and the Messenger of Allahﷺ said, "It belongs to you, your brother, or the wolf." Then he asked him about a lost object, and the Messenger of Allahﷺ said, "If you know its quantity, container, and contents, and its owner comes and recognizes its quantity, container, and contents, then give it to him. Otherwise, it belongs to you."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ضَالَّةِ الْإِبِلِ قَالَ «مَا لَكَ وَلَهَا مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا وَحِذَاؤُهَا فَدَعْهَا تَأْكُلُ الشَّجَرَ وَتَرِدُ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهَا بَاغِيهَا» وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ضَالَّةِ الْغَنَمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هِيَ لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ» ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «اعْرِفْ عَدَدَهَا وَوِعَاءَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا فَعَرَفَ عَدَدَهَا وَوِعَاءَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا فَأَعْطِهَا إِيَّاهُ وَإِلَّا فَهِيَ لَكَ»
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الدَّالِّ عَلَى أَنَّ اللُّقَطَةَ وَإِنْ أَتَى عَلَيْهَا أَعْوَامٌ هِيَ لِصَاحِبِهَا دُونَ الْمُلْتَقِطِ يَرُدُّهَا عَلَيْهِ، أَوْ قِيمَتَهَا، وَإِنْ أَكْلَهَا، أَوِ اسْتَنْفَقَهَا
“Whoever finds lost property, let him ask one or two men of good character to witness it, then he should not alter it nor conceal it. If its owner comes along, then he has more right to it, otherwise it belongs to Allah (SWT), Who gives it to whomsoever He wills.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2505)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنِ الْتَقَطَ لُقَطَةً فَلْيُشْهِدْ ذَوِي عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ لَا يَكْتُمُ وَلَا يُغَيِّرُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ مَالُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ»
ذِكْرُ السَّبَبِ الَّذِي هُوَ مُضْمَرٌ فِي نَفْسِ الْخِطَابِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُنَا لَهُ
Make announcement of that for one year, but if it is not recognised (by the owner), then recognise its big and strap, then eat it; and if its owner comes, then give that to him. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Al-Dahhak b. Uthman with the same chain of transmitters but with a slight variation of words. (Using translation from Muslim 1722g)
سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ «عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْرِفْ فَاعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا ثُمَّ كُلْهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا فَأَدِّهَا إِلَيْهِ»
ذِكْرُ الزَّجْرِ عَنْ حَمْلِ لُقَطَةِ الْحَاجِّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يُعْرَفُ أَرْبَابُهَا
The Messenger of Allah (SWAS) prohibited taking the find of pilgrims. Ibn Wahb said : One should leave the find of a pilgrim till its owner finds it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1719)
«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ لُقَطَةِ الْحَاجِّ» قَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ «وَلُقَطَةُ الْحَاجِّ يَتْرُكُهَا حَتَّى يَجِدَهَا صَاحِبُهَا»
ذِكْرُ إِثْبَاتِ اسْمِ الضَّالِّ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُعَرِّفِ الضَّوَالَّ، إِذَا وَجَدَهَا
[Machine] On the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said, "Whoever shelters a stray, he is considered as a stray until he identifies it."
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ آوَى ضَالَّةً فَهُوَ ضَالٌّ مَا لَمْ يُعَرِّفْهَا»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمَرْءَ مَمْنُوعٌ عَنْ أَخْذِ ضَوَالِّ الْإِبِلِ دُونَ غَيْرِهَا مِنْ سَائِرِ الضَّوَالِّ
A man came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked about Al-Luqata (a fallen thing). The Prophet ﷺ said, "Recognize its container and its tying material and then make a public announcement about it for one year and if its owner shows up, give it to him; otherwise use it as you like." The man said, "What about a lost sheep?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "It is for you, your brother or the wolf." The man said "What about a lost camel?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Why should you take it as it has got its water-container (its stomach) and its hooves and it can reach the places of water and can eat the trees till its owner finds it?" (Using translation from Bukhārī 2372)
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ «اعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنَكَ بِهَا» قَالَ فَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ قَالَ «هِيَ لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ» قَالَ فَضَالَّةُ الْإِبِلِ قَالَ «مَا لَكَ وَلَهَا مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا وَحِذَاؤُهَا تَرِدُ الْمَاءَ وَتَأْكُلُ الشَّجَرَ حَتَّى يَلْقَاهَا رَبُّهَا»
22.1.1 Subsection
٢٢۔١۔١ ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ ضَالَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِ أَرَادَ بِهِ بَعْضَ الضَّالِّ لَا الْكَلَّ
[Machine] A group of Banu Amir came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, we find in the path straw from the camels." He ﷺ said, "The fuel of a Muslim is the burning fire."
قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَهْطٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَجِدُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ هَوَامِي مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَقَالَ ﷺ «ضَالَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِ حَرَقُ النَّارِ»
A man came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked about Al-Luqata (a fallen thing). The Prophet ﷺ said, "Recognize its container and its tying material and then make a public announcement about it for one year and if its owner shows up, give it to him; otherwise use it as you like." The man said, "What about a lost sheep?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "It is for you, your brother or the wolf." The man said "What about a lost camel?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Why should you take it as it has got its water-container (its stomach) and its hooves and it can reach the places of water and can eat the trees till its owner finds it?" (Using translation from Bukhārī 2372)
أَنَّهُ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ «اعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنَكَ بِهَا» قَالَ فَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ قَالَ «لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ» قَالَ فَضَالَّةُ الْإِبِلِ قَالَ «مَا لَكَ وَلَهَا مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا وَحِذَاؤُهَا تَرِدُ الْمَاءَ وَتَأْكُلُ الشَّجَرَ حَتَّى يَلْقَاهَا رَبُّهَا»