2. Īmān (Faith / Belief)

٢۔ كتاب الإيمان

2.1 Belief and the statement of the Prophet ﷺ "Islām is founded on five."

٢۔١ بَابُ الإِيمَانِ وَقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ»

And ⌜Īmān⌝ is a statement and an action. It increases and decreases. Allah ﷻ said, "...that they would increase in faith along with their [present] faith." (Fatḥ 48:4), and "And Allah increases those who were guided, in guidance." (Maryam 19:76), and "And those who are guided - He increases them in guidance and gives them their righteousness." (Muḥammad 47:17), and "... and those who have believed will increase in faith" (Muddaththir 74:31), and His statement, "... so fear them." But it [merely] increased them in faith." (Āl ʿImrān 3:173), and His statement, "... and it increased them only in faith and acceptance." (Aḥzāb 33:22). Love for the sake of Allah and resentment for the sake of Allah is part of Belief.

ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz wrote to ʿAdī b. ʿAdī that Īmān has obligations, laws, redlines, and Sunnahs. Whoever perfects them, perfects Īmān, and whoever does not perfect them, Īmān is not perfected. If I were to live on, I shall elucidate these to you unless you all have knowledge of them. However, if I were to direct, then I am not eager to accompany you ⌜in this life.⌝

Prophet Ibrāhīm said, "Yes, but [I ask] only that my heart may be satisfied." (Baqarah 2:260).

Muʿādh said, "Sit with us so that we belief in the Hour."

Ibn Masʿūd said, "Certitude is all of Īmān."

Ibn ʿUmar said, "A servant would not become aware of the reality of taqwá (God-consciousness) until he foregoes what does not sit well in his heart."

Mujāhid said, "'Ordained for you' (Shūrá 42:13) means that We have made you inherit O Muḥammad, and it is One Religion."

Ibn ʿAbbās said, "'a law and a method' (Māʾdah 5:48) is a way or a tradition (Sunnah)."

وَهُوَ قَوْلٌ وَفِعْلٌ، وَيَزِيدُ وَيَنْقُصُ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {لِيَزْدَادُوا إِيمَانًا مَعَ إِيمَانِهِمْ}، {وَزِدْنَاهُمْ هُدًى}، {وَيَزِيدُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا هُدًى}، {وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا زَادَهُمْ هُدًى وَآتَاهُمْ تَقْوَاهُمْ}، {وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِيمَانًا}، وَقَوْلُهُ: {أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَذِهِ إِيمَانًا فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا}. وَقَوْلُهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ: {فَاخْشَوْهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ إِيمَانًا}. وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَا زَادَهُمْ إِلاَّ إِيمَانًا وَتَسْلِيمًا} وَالْحُبُّ فِي اللَّهِ وَالْبُغْضُ فِي اللَّهِ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ.

وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ إِلَى عَدِيِّ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ إِنَّ لِلإِيمَانِ فَرَائِضَ وَشَرَائِعَ وَحُدُودًا وَسُنَنًا، فَمَنِ اسْتَكْمَلَهَا اسْتَكْمَلَ الإِيمَانَ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَكْمِلْهَا لَمْ يَسْتَكْمِلِ الإِيمَانَ، فَإِنْ أَعِشْ فَسَأُبَيِّنُهَا لَكُمْ حَتَّى تَعْمَلُوا بِهَا، وَإِنْ أَمُتْ فَمَا أَنَا عَلَى صُحْبَتِكُمْ بِحَرِيصٍ.

وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: {وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي}.

وَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ: اجْلِسْ بِنَا نُؤْمِنْ سَاعَةً.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: الْيَقِينُ الإِيمَانُ كُلُّهُ.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لاَ يَبْلُغُ الْعَبْدُ حَقِيقَةَ التَّقْوَى حَتَّى يَدَعَ مَا حَاكَ فِي الصَّدْرِ.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: {شَرَعَ لَكُمْ} أَوْصَيْنَاكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَإِيَّاهُ دِينًا وَاحِدًا.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: {شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا} سَبِيلاً وَسُنَّةً.

The five pillars of Islam

bukhari:8ʿUbaydullāh b. Mūsá > Ḥanẓalah b. Abū Sufyān > ʿIkrimah b. Khālid > Ibn ʿUmar

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Islam is based on ˹the following˺ five ˹practices˺: (1) to ˹verbally˺ testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah, (2) to establish the Ṣalāh (five regular ritual prayers), (3) to give the Zakāh (obligatory charity), (4) ˹to perform˺ the Ḥajj (annual pilgrimage to Makkah), and (5) to observe fasts ˹during the month˺ of Ramaḍān."  

البخاري:٨حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ قَالَ

رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: (١) شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، (٢) وَإِقَامِ الصَّلاَةِ، (٣) وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، (٤) وَالْحَجِّ، (٥) وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ۔»