"The first person to speak about Al-Qadar was Ma'bad Al-Juhani." He said: "Humaid bin Abdur-Rahman Al-Himyari and I went out until we reached Al-Madinah, and we said: 'If we could only meet someone among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ so we could ask him about what those people have innovated." [He said:] "So we met him - meaning Abdullah bin 'Umar - while he was leaving the Masjid." [He said:] "My companion and I were on either side of him." [He said:] I thought my companion was going to leave the speaking to me so I said: "O Abu Abdur-Rahman! There is a group of people who recite the Qur'an and seek knowledge, and they claim there is no Al-Qadar, and that the affair is left to chance.' He said: "Whenever you meet those people, then tell them that I am not of them and they are not of me. By the One Whom Abdullah swears by! If one of them were to spend gold the like of Uhud (mountain) in charity, it would not be accepted from him until he believes in Al-Qadar; the good of it and the bad of it.'" He said: "Then he began to narrate, he said: "'Umar bin Al-Khattab said: "We were with the Messenger of Allah when a man came with extremely white garments, and extremely black hair. He had no appearance of traveling visible on him, yet none of us recognized him. He came until he reached the Prophet ﷺ. He put his knees up against his knees, and then said: "O Muhammad! What is Iman?' He said 'To believe in Allah, His Angels, His, Books, His Messengers, the Day of Judgement, and Al-Qadar, the good of it and the bad of it.' He said: 'Then what is Islam?' He said: 'Testifying to La Ilaha Illallah, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, establishing the Salat, giving the Zakat, performing Hajj to the House, and fasting (the month of) Ramadan.' He said: 'Then what is Ihsan?' He said 'That (is) you worship Allah as if you see Him, and although you do not see Him, He certainly sees you.' He said: 'For all of those he replied to him: 'You have told the truth.'" He said: "So we were amazed at him, he would ask, and then tell him that he is telling the truth. He said: 'Then when is the Hour?' He ﷺ said: 'The one being asked knows no more than the questioner.' He said: 'Then what are its signs?' He said: 'That the slave woman gives birth to her master, and that the naked, poor, and bare-footed shepherds rival each other in the height of the buildings.'" 'Umar said: 'Then the Prophet ﷺ met me three days after that and said: 'O 'Umar! Do you know who the questioner was? It was Jibril. He came to teach you about the matters of your religion.'"

أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا رَجُلاً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا أَحْدَثَ هَؤُلاَءِ الْقَوْمُ قَالَ فَلَقِينَاهُ يَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ خَارِجٌ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي قَالَ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّ قَوْمًا يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ وَأَنَّ الأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ قَالَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ وَأَنَّهُمْ مِنِّي بُرَآءُ وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ أَنْفَقَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا مَا قُبِلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُ فَقَالَ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَلْزَقَ رُكْبَتَهُ بِرُكْبَتِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَمَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ فَمَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ لَهُ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَتَعَجَّبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَمَا أَمَارَتُهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ أَصْحَابَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِثَلاَثٍ فَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَعَالِمَ دِينِكُمْ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ أَخْبَرَنَا كَهْمَسُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ

[Machine] My father married me to a woman from the Quraysh tribe. When she entered upon me, I made sure not to deny her any of my resources, such as strength or the ability to perform acts of worship, such as fasting and praying. Then 'Amr ibn al-'As came to her, and when he entered upon her he asked her, "How do you find your husband?" She replied, "He is the best of men, and the best of husbands, for he does not question us about our linen and does not inspect our bedding." He then approached me and scolded and bit me with his tongue, saying, "You married a woman from the Quraysh tribe with good lineage and you mistreated her and did what you did." Then he went to the Prophet ﷺ and complained about me, so the Prophet ﷺ sent for me and I came to him. He asked me, "Do you fast during the day?" I replied, "Yes." He asked, "Do you stand for prayer at night?" I replied, "Yes." He said, "But I fast and break my fast, I pray and sleep, and I also have relations with women. Whoever turns away from my Sunnah (tradition), is not one of the Muslims." He told me to recite the Qur'an every month, but I told him that I find myself to be stronger than that. He then told me to recite it every ten days, but I told him that I find myself to be stronger than that. He then said, "Either every fifteen days, or every twenty." I told him that I find myself to be stronger than that. He said, "Fast three days every month." I told him I find myself to be stronger than that. He continued to increase the number until he said, "Fast one day and break your fast one day, for it is the best fasting and it is the fasting of my brother Dawud (David) ﷺ ." He said, "Fast two days and break your fast one day." I said, "I find myself to be stronger than that." He said, "For every worshipper, there is a period, and for every period, there is a limit. Either it leads to following the Sunnah, or it leads to innovation. Whoever's period leads to following the Sunnah, has guided himself, and whoever's period leads to something else, has gone astray." Mujahid said that Abdullah ibn 'Amr used to weaken and get older, and he used to fast days like that, and even extend one day to connect it with another to strengthen himself, then he would break his fast after that. He would also recite a portion of the Quran in each part like that, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing the amount, but he always completed the number, either in seven days or three. He said, "After all that, I used to say that accepting the concession of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is dearer to me than anything else, even if others may dislike it."

زَوَّجَنِي أَبِي امْرَأَةً مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ جَعَلْتُ لَا أَنْحَاشُ لَهَا مِمَّا بِي مِنَ الْقُوَّةِ عَلَى الْعِبَادَةِ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ وَالصَّلَاةِ فَجَاءَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ إِلَى كَنَّتِهِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا كَيْفَ وَجَدْتِ بَعْلَكِ؟ قَالَتْ خَيْرَ الرِّجَالِ أَوْ كَخَيْرِ الْبُعُولَةِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ لَمْ يُفَتِّشْ لَنَا كَنَفًا وَلَمْ يَعْرِفْ لَنَا فِرَاشًا فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَعَذَمَنِي وَعَضَّنِي بِلِسَانِهِ فَقَالَ أَنْكَحْتُكَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ ذَاتَ حَسَبٍ فَعَضَلْتَهَا وَفَعَلْتَوَفَعَلْتَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَشَكَانِي فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي أَتَصُومُ النَّهَارَ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَتَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ لَكِنِّي أَصُومُ وَأُفْطِرُ وَأُصَلِّي وَأَنَامُ وَأَمَسُّ النِّسَاءَ فَمَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ سُنَّتِي فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي قالَ اقْرَأِ الْقُرْآنَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ قُلْتُ إِنِّي أَجِدُنِي أَقْوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَاقْرَأْهُ فِي كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ إِنِّي أَجِدُنِي أَقْوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا إِمَّا حُصَيْنٌ وَإِمَّا مُغِيرَةُ قَالَ فَاقْرَأْهُ فِي كُلِّ ثَلَاثٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ صُمْ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ إِنِّي أَقْوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَرْفَعُنِي حَتَّى قَالَ صُمْ يَوْمًا وَأَفْطِرْ يَوْمًا فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ الصِّيَامِ وَهُوَ صِيَامُ أَخِي دَاوُدَ ﷺ قَالَ حُصَيْنٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ﷺ فَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ عَابِدٍ شِرَّةً وَلِكُلِّ شِرَّةٍ فَتْرَةً فَإِمَّا إِلَى سُنَّةٍ وَإِمَّا إِلَى بِدْعَةٍ فَمَنْ كَانَتْ فَتْرَتُهُ إِلَى سُنَّةٍ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَى وَمَنْ كَانَتْ فَتْرَتُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ فَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو حَيْثُ ضَعُفَ وَكَبِرَ يَصُومُ الْأَيَّامَ كَذَلِكَ يَصِلُ بَعْضَهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ لِيَتَقَوَّى بِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يُفْطِرُ بِعَدِّ تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامِ قَالَ وَكَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي كُلِّ حِزْبِهِ كَذَلِكَ يَزِيدُأَحْيَانًا وَيَنْقُصُ أَحْيَانًا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يُوفِي الْعَدَدَ إِمَّا فِي سَبْعٍ وَإِمَّا فِي ثَلَاثٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ كَانَ يَقُولُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَأَنْ أَكُونَ قَبِلْتُ رُخْصَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا عُدِلَ بِهِ أَوْ عَدَلَ لَكِنِّي فَارَقْتُهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُخَالِفَهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ

فَقَالَ لَهَا كَيْفَ تَجِدِي بَعْلَكِ فَقَالَتْ نِعْمَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مَا يَنَامُ وَمَا يُفْطِرُ فَوَقَعَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ أَبِي فَقَالَ زَوَّجْتُكَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَفَعَلْتَ بِهَا مَا فَعَلْتَ فَلَمْ أُبَالِ مَا قَالَ لِمَا أَجِدُ مِنَ الْقُوَّةِ إِلَى أَنْ بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَكِنِّي أَنَامُ وَأُصَلِّي وَأَصُومُ وَأُفْطِرُ فَصُمْ وَصَلِّ وَنَمْ وَقُمْ صُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ إِنِّي أَقْوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَصُمْ صَوْمَ دَاوُدَ صُمْ يَوْمًا وَأَفْطِرْ يَوْمًا وَاقْرَأِ الْقُرْآنَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أَقْوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اقْرَأْهُ فِي خَمْسَ عَ شْرَةَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أَقْوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَمَا زَالَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ سَبْعًـا ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ عَمَلٍ شِرَّةً وَلِكُلِّ شِرَّةٍ فَتْرَةً فَمَنْ كَانَتْ فَتْرَتُهُ إِلَى سُنَّتِي فَقَدِ اهْتَدَى وَمَنْ كَانَتْ فَتْرَتُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو لَمَّا كَبِرَ وَضَعُفَ لَأَنْ أَكُونَ قَبِلْتُ رُخْصَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي

مِنْ صِفِّينَ وَبَرَؤُوا مِنَ الْقَضِيَّةِ فَاسْتَخَفَّ النَّاسُ وَقَعَدُوا فِي السِّكَكِ يَتَخَبَّرُونَ الْأَخْبَارَ فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ قُعُودٌ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ وَهُوَ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِأَمْرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ قَالَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ائْذَنْ لِي أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ قَالَ فَشُغِلَ بِمَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ قَالَ فَأَخَذْنَا الرَّجُلَ فَأَقْعَدْنَاهُ إِلَيْنَا وَقُلْنَا مَا هَذَا الَّذِي تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَسْأَلَ عَنْهُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ فِي الْعُمْرَةِ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَتْ مَا هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا قِبَلَكُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ حَرُورَاءُ فَقُلْتُ قَوْمٌ خَرَجُوا إِلَى أَرْضٍ قَرِيبَةٍ مِنَّا يُقَالُ لَهَا حَرُورَاءُ قَالَ فَشَهِدْتَ هَلَكَتَهُمْ قَالَ عَاصِمٌ فَلَا أَدْرِي مَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ نَعَمْ أَمْ لَا فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ أَمَّا أَنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَوْ شَاءَ حَدَّثَكُمْ حَدِيثَهُمْ فَجِئْتُ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ عَلِيُّ مِمَّا كَانَ فِيهِ قَالَ أَيْنَ الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْتَأْذِنُ قَالَ فَقَامَ فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ مَا قَصَّ عَلَيْنَا قَالَ فَأَهَلَّ عَلِيٌّ وَكَبَّرَ وَقَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ غَيْرُ عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ أَنْتَ يَا ابْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَقَوْمُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا فَقُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ قَوْمٌ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْمَشْرِقِ يَقْرَؤُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ مُرُوقَ السَّهْمِ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ مُخْدَجُ الْيَدِ كَأَنَّ يَدَهُ ثَدْيٌ فَقَالَ أُنْشِدُكُمُ اللَّهَ هَلْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّهُ فِيهِمْ فَجِئْتُمُونِي فَقُلْتُمْ لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُمُونِي بِهِ تَسْحَبُونَهُ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ فَأَهَلَّ عَلِيٌّ وَكَبَّرَ وَحَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ قَالَ أنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنَحْوِهِ