14. Ṣawm (Fasting)
١٤۔ كتاب الصوم
According to the version of Al Nufaili, A’ishah said “The Prophet ﷺ used to pass by a patient while he was observing I’tikaf(in the mosque) but he passed as usual and did not stay asking about him.” According to the version of Ibn Isa she said “The Prophet ﷺ would visit a patient while he was observing I’tikaf.”
كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَمُرُّ بِالْمَرِيضِ وَهُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ فَيَمُرُّ كَمَا هُوَ وَلاَ يُعَرِّجُ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عِيسَى قَالَتْ إِنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعُودُ الْمَرِيضَ وَهُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ
The sunnah for one who is observing i'tikaf (in a mosque) is not to visit a patient, or to attend a funeral, or touch or embrace one's wife, or go out for anything but necessary purposes. There is no i'tikaf without fasting, and there is no i'tikaf except in a congregational mosque.
أَنْ لاَ يَعُودَ مَرِيضًا وَلاَ يَشْهَدَ جَنَازَةً وَلاَ يَمَسَّ امْرَأَةً وَلاَ يُبَاشِرَهَا وَلاَ يَخْرُجَ لِحَاجَةٍ إِلاَّ لِمَا لاَ بُدَّ مِنْهُ وَلاَ اعْتِكَافَ إِلاَّ بِصَوْمٍ وَلاَ اعْتِكَافَ إِلاَّ فِي مَسْجِدٍ جَامِعٍ
Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took a vow in the pre-Islamic days to spend a night or a day in devotion near the Ka'bah (in the sacred mosque). He asked the Prophet ﷺ about it. He said: Observe i'tikaf (i.e. spend a night or a day near the Ka'bah) and fast.
أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَيْلَةً أَوْ يَوْمًا عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ اعْتَكِفْ وَصُمْ
The tradition mentioned above (No. 2468) has also been transmitted by Abdullah ibn Budayl through a different chain of narrators in a similar way. This version adds: While he (Umar) was observing i'tikaf (in the sacred mosque), the people uttered (loudly): "Allah is most great." He said: What is this, Abdullah? He said: These are the captives of the Hawazin whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has set free. He said: This slave-girl too? He sent her along with them.
فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ إِذْ كَبَّرَ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ سَبْىُ هَوَازِنَ أَعْتَقَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ وَتِلْكَ الْجَارِيَةُ فَأَرْسَلَهَا مَعَهُمْ